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À§ÇØ Ã³À½ ³ª¿À´Â Æȸ®¾î °íÀ¯¸í»ç´Â µÎ °¡Áö Ç¥±â ¹æ¹ýÀ» º´ÇàÇß´Ù. Áï ÇÑ±Û À½»ç¿Í µ¿½Ã ·Î¸¶ÀÚ¿Í ÇÑÀÚ¸¦ º´±â(ܱÑÀ)ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
´Ü ´Ü¾î°¡ ³Ê¹« ±æ°Å³ª Çѹø ÀÌ»ó ³ª¿Â ´Ü¾îÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀÇ Çѹ® ¸íĪÀº ÀϺ»ÀÇ <ØÐêÅÝÖÎçÓÞÞöîð>¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇßÀ¸¸ç, °æÀüÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀº <ÑõîîÓÞíúÌè>À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î
»ï¾Ò´Ù. ´Ü À§ÀÇ µÎ ¹®Çå¿¡¼µµ ÇÑÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀϺ»¾î·Î À½»çÇÑ °ÍÀº Æȸ®¾î ¿øÀ½À» Çѱ۷Πǥ±âÇß´Ù.
Æȸ®¹®Çå(÷é××ÙþúÌ Pali Literature)À̶õ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁö Æȸ®¾î(Pali ÷é××åÞ)·Î ¾º¾îÁø ¹®Çå Àüü¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Áï ºÒ±³ Á¤Àü(ïáîð, Canon)ÀÎ ¶ì»ßµû±î(Tipitaka ß²íú)¿Í ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha ñÉ) ¹× ¶ì±î(Tika áÂ)´Â ¹°·Ð ÈÄ´ëÀÇ ÀÛÇ°ÀÎ ¿ª»ç¼¿Í ¹®¹ý¼ µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.[1] ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀ» °í´ëÀÇ »óÁºΠÀüÅë¿¡¼´Â Æȸ®(Pali, á¡îð)¿Í ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha ñÉà·) µÑ·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Æȸ®¶õ »ïÀå(ß²íú)À» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. 'Æȸ®'¿¡´Â ¼ºÀüÀ̶ó´Â ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í Æȸ®¾î(Palibhasa)¶ó´Â Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̺йý(ì£ÝÂÛö)Àº Á¤Àü(ïáîð)°ú ºñÁ¤Àü(Þªïáîð)ÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¸»¶ó¶ó¼¼Äɶó(G.P. Malalasekera)´Â Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀ» ¼¼ °¡Áö Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇß´Ù.[2] ±×´Â ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(ñÉ)¿Í ¶ì±î(áÂ)¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »ç½Ç ³ÐÀº Àǹ̿¡¼ º¸¸é ¶ì±îµµ ¾ÑŸ±îŸ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. ±×·¯³ª ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â »ïÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼µé°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ '¾ÑŸ±îŸ'¶ó´Â ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.[3] ±×¸®°í ¾ÑŸ±îŸ¿Í ¶ì±î¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀΠü°è¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â º°µµÀÇ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ³× °¡Áö Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ù°, »ïÀåÀº Æȸ® Á¤Àü ÇüÅÂÀÎ ºÒ±³ ¼ºÀüÀÌ´Ù. »ïÀåÀº ¼¼ °¡Áö(Ti) ±¤ÁÖ¸®(pitaka)¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº À§³ª¾ß-»ßµû±î(Vinaya-pitaka ëÏíú), ¼ýµû-»ßµû±î(Sutta-pitaka Ìèíú), ¾Æºñ´ã¸¶-»ßµû±î(Abhidhamma-pitaka ÒÕíú)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À²ÀåÀº »ïÀåÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ºÐ·ù·Î¼, ºñ±¸¿Í ºñ±¸´Ï ½Â´ÜÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °èÀ²ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼ýµûºñ¹æ°¡(Suttavibhanga ÌèÝÂܬ), Ä´Ù±î(Khandaka ËñÓø), ºü¸®¿Í¶ó(Parivara ݾâË)ÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö ºÎºÐ[߲ݻ]·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. °æÀåÀº »ïÀåÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° ºÐ·ù·Î¼, ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ¹ý¹®ÀÇ ¹À½[çéÝ» Panca nikaya]À¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Áï µð°¡-´Ï±î¾ß(Digha-nikaya íþÝ»), ¸ÀÁö¸¶-´Ï±î¾ß(Majjhima-nikaya ñéÝ»), ½ÖÀµµû-´Ï±î¾ß(Samyutta-nikaya ßÓëëÝ»), ¾Ó±Âµû¶ó-´Ï±î¾ß(Anguttara-nikaya ñòò¨Ý»), Äó´Ù±î-´Ï±î¾ß(Khuddaka-nikaya á³Ý»)ÀÌ´Ù. ³íÀåÀº »ïÀåÀÇ ¼¼ ¹ø° ºÐ·ù·Î¼, °æÀå¿¡¼ Áø¼úµÈ ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ³í¹ýÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³íÀåÀº ´ã¸¶»ó°¡´Ï(Dhammasangani Ûöö©Öå=Ûöó¢Öå), ºñ¹æ°¡(Vibhanga ÝÂܬÖå), ´Ù¶Ñ±îŸ( Dhatukatha Í£àãÖå), »Ò°¥¶óºþ邵¶ì(Puggalapannatti ìÑã¿àâÖå), ±îŸ¿ÓÅõ(Kathavatthu ÒÕÞÀÖå), ¾ß¸¶±î(Yamaka äªÓßÖå)¡¤»¥Å¸³ª(Patthana Û¡ö¬Öå) µîÀÇ Ä¥·Ð(öÒÖå)À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ä¥·Ð ¿Ü¿¡ Ư¼öÇÑ ¼¼ °¡Áö ³í¼(ÀÌ°ÍÀ» 'Àå¿Ü(íúèâ)'¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ¨çNettippakarana(ò¦ÓôÖå), ¨èPetakopadesa(íúà·Öå), ¨éMilindapanha(Ú¯ÕµöíÙýÌè) µîÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö ³í¼´Â ³íÀå¿¡´Â Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ³»¿ë»ó ¾Æºñ´Þ¸¶Àû °æÇâÀ» ¶ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¹Ì¾á¸¶¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö ³í¼¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °æÀå ÁßÀÇ '¼ÒºÎ(á³Ý»)'¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù.
µÑ°, ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha ñÉà·)[4]´Â »ïÀåÀÇ Çؼ®»óÀÇ ¼³¸íµéÀÌ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÁÖ¼®¼°¡ º¸´Ù ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÀÀ¿ëµÇ°í, »ïÀ庸´Ù ¸ðµç ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾúÀ» ¶§ÀÎ ¾Æ´©¶ó´Ù»Ñ¶ó(Anuradhapura) ½Ã´ë(±â¿øÀü 3¼¼±âºÎÅÍ ¼±â 10¼¼±â±îÁö) ±â°£¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¸ðµç ÁÖ¼®Àû ¹®Çå°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â »ïÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼µé°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.[5]
¾ÑŸ±îŸ´Â Æȸ®Á¤ÀüÀÇ °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ¼ºÀü¿¡ °üÇÑ Çؼ®Àû ³í¹®Àε¥, °¢ ¼ºÀüÀº Àڱ⠰íÀ¯ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¼®¼ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¸ñÀûÀº º×´ÙÀÇ ±³¼³À» Çؼ®Çϴµ¥ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹®¹ýÀû ¹× ¾îÈÖÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î·Á¿î ´Ü¾îµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º×´Ù ±³ÀÇ(Îçëù)ÀÇ ¼³¸í°ú Çؼ®À» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀº Á¾Á¾ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È º»·¡ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª±âµµ ÇÏ¿´°í, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼³È¿Í ¿¡ÇǼҵ忡 ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ±×µéÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀº dzºÎÇÑ ÀڷḦ °®Ãá ÁÖ¼®¼°¡ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, Á¾±³ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ °Í»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °í´ë Àεµ¿Í ¼¼ÀÏ·ÐÀÇ ¼¼¼ÓÀû ¿ª»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ °Íµéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¼®¼µéÀº º×´Ù°í»ç(Buddhaghosa ÝÖëå)¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ç½Ã ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î(°í´ë ½º¸®¶ûÄ«¾î) ÁÖ¼®¼µéÀ» Æȸ®¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ´ç½ÃÀÇ ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î ÁÖ¼®¼µéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Æȸ®¾î¿¡¼ ¹ø¿ªµÈ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.[6]
¹°¶ó(Mūla-) ȤÀº ¸¶ÇÏ-¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Maha-Atthakattha)[7], ¸¶ÇÏ-»¥Â¥¸®(Maha-Paccari)[8] ¹× ²Ù·éµð(Kurundi)[9]´Â ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î·Î ¾º¾îÁø ¼¼ °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼¿´´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ ÁÖ¼®¼µé¿¡´Â »ïÀåÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ºÀü ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡ °üÇؼ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. À̹ۿ¡ ¶Ç ±× º¸´Ù´Â Á߿伺ÀÌ ÀûÀº ÁÖ·Î ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î·Î ¾º¾îÁø ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÁÖ¼®Àû ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.[10] »ïÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼µéÀº °¡Àå ÃʱâÀÇ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛÇ°À̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰͵éÀº ÇöÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù."[11]
ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â »ïÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼µéÀº ´ë·« ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. Áï ÁÖ¼®¼´Â Å©°Ô Vinaya-atthakatha ëÏñÉà·, Sutta-atthakatha ÌèñÉà·, Abhidhamma-atthakatha ÒÕñÉà·À¸·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁø´Ù. ù°ÀÇ Vinaya-atthakatha ëÏñÉà·Àº ´Ù½Ã Vinaya Pitaka ëÏíú¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖ¼®ÀÎ Samantapasadika-atthakatha ìéôîà¼Ì¸ëÏñÉ¿Í Patimokkha ÌüÜâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖ¼®ÀÎ Kankhavitarani-atthakatha ÷îÔþð«ÙÊó©ñÉ·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø°ÀÇ Sutta-atthakatha ÌèñÉà·Àº Sutta-pitaka Ìèíú¿¡ °üÇÑ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø°ÀÇ Abhidhamma-atthakatha ÒÕñÉà·Àº ¼¼ °¡Áö·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Áï Dhammasangani Ûöö©Öå¿¡ °üÇÑ ñÉà·ÀÎ Atthasalini ëùöñêÆÖå, Vibhanga ÝÂܬÖå¿¡ °üÇÑ ñÉà·ÀÎ Sammohavinodani ð¶öÂÖå, ±×¸®°í Kathavatthu ÒÕÞÀ, Puggalapannatti ìÑã¿àâ, Dhatukatha Í£àã, Yamaka äªÓß, Patthana Û¡ö¬¿¡ °üÇÑ ñÉà·ÀÎ Pancappakasanatthakatha çéÖåñÉú°°¡ ÇöÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
¼Â°, ¶ì±î(Tika áÂ)´Â »ïÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¿¡ °üÇØ ¾º¾îÁø ÁÖ¼®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ïÀ庸´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ¼ºÀü¿¡ °üÇØ Àú¼úµÈ ÁÖ¼®¼µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¶ì±î·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¿ùÆú¶ó ¶óÈÇ¶ó¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, '¶ì±î(tika)'¶ó´Â ¼ú¾î´Â »ê½ºÅ©¸®Æ®ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ¼±â 10¼¼±â ȤÀº 11¼¼±â°æ Æú·Î³ª·ç¿ö(Polonnaruva) ½Ã±â Áß¿¡ À¯ÇàµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¾Æ³´Ù(Ananda)ÀÇ ¹°¶ó¶ì±î(Mulatika ÓÞáÂ)°¡ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¶ì±î¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼±â 10-11¼¼±â¿¡ ¾º¾îÁ³´Ù. ¾Æ³´Ù´Â Æȸ® ¹®¹ý¼ ·çºü½Ëµð(Rupasiddhi)ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ º×´Ù»ß¾ß(Buddhappiya)ÀÇ ½º½ÂÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼±â ¾à 12¼¼±â Áß¿±¿¡ ¾º¾îÁø ¸ñ°¥¶ó¾ß³ª(Moggallayana)ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ´Â º×´Ù»ß¾ßÀÇ ·çºü½Ëµð¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ³´Ù¸¦ ¼±â 10¼¼±â ȤÀº 11¼¼±â ¾îµò°¡¿¡ ³õ´õ¶óµµ Å©°Ô À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¶ì±î ¹®ÇåÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀº ´ë·«ÀûÀ¸·Î 10¼¼±â¿¡¼ 11¼¼±â »çÀÌÀÇ ½Ã±â·Î ÇѰ踦 Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â ÀÌÀüÀÇ »ïÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸ðµç ÀÛÇ°µéÀº Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ ¼ú¾î ¾ÑŸ±îŸÀÇ ¹Ø¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. »çÇÖ»ç¹åÅõ-¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Sahassavatthu-Atthakatha)¶ó´Â ¹®Çå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ¼±â 9¼¼±âº¸´Ù ÀÌÀü ½Ã±âÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î º»´Ù.
ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¶ì±î ¹®ÇåÀº »ïÀå-ÁÖ¼®¼¿Í ºñÁ¤Àü(Þªïáîð)ÀÇ Àú¼ú ¸ðµÎ¿¡ °üÇØ ¾º¾îÁø ÁÖ¼®¼ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌµé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ½ÌÇÒ¶ó ¹®ÀÚ·Î ±â·ÏµÈ Æп±ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î Á¤ÀüÀÇ ¶ì±îµéÀº ºñ·Ï 12¼¼±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¼Õ¿¡ ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÃʱâÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿¡¼ ¹ßÃéÇÑ ¸Å¿ì °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºñ¼ýµð¸·°¡(Visuddhimagga ôèïäÔ³Öå)¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¸ðµÎ 11°³ÀÇ ¶ì±î·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.[12]
ºñÁ¤ÀüÀÇ ¶ì±îµéÀº ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé±â¿¡´Â ¼ö·®ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹´Ù. ±×°Íµé Áß ¸î¸îÀº Moggallanavyakarana¿¡ °üÇÑ Sangharakkhita ½º´ÔÀÌ ÁöÀº Susaddasiddhi¿Í Saratthasalini, Vinayavinicchaya¿¡ °üÇÑ Vacissara ½º´ÔÀÌ ÁöÀº Yogavinicchaya, ±×¸®°í Padasadhana¿¡ °üÇÑ Rahula Vacissara ½º´ÔÀÌ ÁöÀº Buddhippasadani µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñÁ¤ÀüÀÇ ¶ì±î¿¡ °üÇØ ÁöÀûÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °ßÇØ´Â À̰͵éÀº ÁÖ¼®¼¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¿øÀü¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¶ì±î(Tika áÂ)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha ñÉ)µéÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
³Ý°, ¼¼¼ÓÀû ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû ¹®¹ýÀû ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÛÇ°µé°ú ¾à 5¼¼±âºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁö ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Àú¼úµÇ¾î ¿Â ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹®¹ý ±×¸®°í °ü·ÃµÈ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÅؽºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼µéÀÌ´Ù. µðºü¹æ»ç(Dipavamsa ÓöÞÈ), ¸¶ÇϹæ»ç(Mahavamsa ÓÞÞÈ), ¹Ð¸°´Ù»§ÇÏ(Milindapanha Ú¯ÕµöíÙýÌè), ºñ¼ýµð¸·°¡(Visuddhimagga ôèïäÔ³Öå) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Æȸ®¹®ÇåÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
¥°. Tipitaka ß²íú
1. Vinaya-pitaka ëÏíú
1) Sutta-vibhanga ÌèÝÂܬ
(1) Maha-vibhanga ÓÞÝÂܬ
(2) Bhikkhuni-vibhanga ÝïÎøÒùÝÂܬ2) Khandhaka °ÇÓø
(1) Mahavagga ÓÞù¡
(2) Cullavagga á³ù¡3) Parivara ݾâË
2. Sutta-pitaka Ìèíú
1) Digha-nikaya íþÝ»
2) Majjhima-nikaya ñéÝ»
3) Samyutta-nikaya ßÓëëÝ»
4) Anguttara-nikaya ñòò¨Ý»
5) Khuddaka-nikaya á³Ý»(1) Khuddaka-patha á³áéÌè
(2) Dhammapada ÛöÏ£Ìè
(3) Udana í»àãÌè
(4) Itivuttaka åýãÀåÞÌè
(5) Sutta-nipata Ìèó¢
(6) Vimanavatthu ô¸ÏàÞÀÌè
(7) Petavatthu ä»Ð¡ÞÀÌè
(8) Theragatha íþÖÕ̧Ìè
(9) Therigatha íþÒÇÒù̧Ìè
(10) Jataka ÜâßæÌè
(11) Niddesa ëùà·
¨ç Maha-Niddesa ÓÞëùà·
¨è Culla-Niddesa á³ëùà·
(12) Patisambhida-magga Ùíäôú°Ô³
(13) Apadana Þ§êçÌè
(14) Buddhavamsa ÝÖðúàóÌè
(15) Cariya-pitaka á¶ú¼íúÌè
3. Abhidhamma-pitaka ÒÕíú
1) Dhammasangani Ûöö©Öå=Ûöó¢ÒÕ
2) Vibhanga ÝÂܬÒÕ
3) Dhatukatha Í£àãÖå
4) Puggalapannati ìÑã¿àâÖå
5) Kathavatthu ÒÕÞÀÖå
6) Yamaka äªÓßÖå
7) Patthana Û¡ö¬Öå* íúèâ(ÒÕîÜ Û¨Í§ßö)
1) Nettipakarana ò¦ÓôÖå
2) Petakopadesa íúà·Öå
3) Milindapanha Ú¯ÕµöíÙýÌè(¹Ð¸°´ÙÀÇ Áú¹®)
¥±. Atthakatha ñÉà·
1. Vinaya-atthakatha ëÏñÉà·
1) Vinaya Pitaka ¡¦ Samantapasadika-atthakatha ìéôîà¼Ì¸ëÏñÉ È¤Àº à¼Ì¸ëÏÝò÷èÞÞáÂ[13]
2) Patimokkha ¡¦ Kankhavitarani-atthakatha ÷îÔþð«ÙÊó©ñÉ È¤Àº ë÷ãýú°ð¶[14]
2. Sutta-atthakatha ÌèñÉà·
1) Digha Nikaya ¡¦ Sumangalavilasini íþÝ»ñÉ=ÙØÑÎßÔáÂ=ÑÎßÔæíëò
2) Majjhima Nikaya ¡¦ Papancasudani ñéÝ»ñÉ=ØþýôÖåáÂ=÷îô®ë¢çã
3) Samyutta Nikaya ¡¦ Saratthappakasini ßÓëëÝ»ñÉ=úéãÆðàåÙáÂ=úéåÀòØëù
4) Anguttara Nikaya ¡¦ Manorathapurani ñòò¨Ý»ñÉ=åýëòà÷ö¦áÂ=Ø»ðëýñÏ´
5) Khuddaka-nikaya á³Ý»¨ç Khuddakapatha ¡¦ Khuddakapatha'tthakatha á³áéñÉ or Paramatthajotikað¯ìéëùÔóÙ¥áÂ
¨è Dhammapada ¡¦ Dhammapadatthakatha ÛöÏ£ñÉ
¨é Udana ¡¦ Paramatthadipani í»àãñÉ
¨ê Itivuttaka ¡¦ Paramatthadipani åýãÀåÞñÉ
¨ë Suttanipata ¡¦ Paramatthajotika ð¯ìéëùÔóÙ¥áÂ
¨ì Vimanavatthu ¡¦ Paramatthadipani ô¸ÏàÞÀñÉ
¨í Petavatthu ¡¦ Paramatthadipani ä»Ð¡ÞÀñÉ
¨î Theragatha ¡¦ Paramatthadipani íþÖÕ̧ñÉ
¨ï Therigatha ¡¦ Paramatthadipani íþÖÕÒù̧ñÉ
¨ð Jataka ¡¦ Jatakatthakatha ÜâßæñÉ
¨ñ Niddesa ¡¦ Sadhammapajjotika ëùà·ñÉ
¨ò Patisambhidamagga ¡¦ Saddhammmappakasini Ùíäôú°Ô³ñÉ
¨ó Apadana ¡¦ Visuddhajanavilasini Þ§êçñÉ
¨ô Buddhavamsa ¡¦ Madhuratthavilasini ÝÖöíͧÜÏñÉ
¨õ Cariyapitaka ¡¦ Cariyapitakatha ú¼íúñÉ or Paramatthadipani
3. Abhidhamma-atthakatha ÒÕñÉà·
1) Dhammasangani ¡¦ Atthasalini ëùöñêÆÖå=ãëùÒÕáÂ(Ûöö©Öå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ñÉà·)
2) Vibhanga ¡¦ Sammohavinodani ð¶öÂÖå=ð¶ÌºÚ»ØÍáÂ(ÝÂܬÖå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ñÉà·)
3) Kathavatthu, Puggalapannati, Dhatukatha, Yamaka, Patthana ¡¦Pancappakasanatthakatha çéÖåñÉú°=çéÖåëùáÂ(Í£à㡤äªÓß¡¤Û¡ö¬¡¤ã¿à⡤ÒÕÞÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ñÉà·)
¥². Tika áÂ(ñÉà·ÀÇ ñÉà·)
1. Vinaya-tika ëÏáÂ
1) Vajirabuddhi-tika ¡¦ by Vajirabuddhi ¡¦ Samantapasadika
2) Saratthadipani ¡¦ by Sariputta ¡¦ Samantapasadika
3) Vimativinodani ¡¦ by Mahakassapa of Cola ¡¦ Samantapasadika
4) Vinayatthamanjusa ¡¦ by Buddhanaga ¡¦ Kankhavitarani
2. Sutta-tika ÌèáÂ
5) Dighanikaya-tika ¡¦ by Dhammapala ¡¦ Sumangalavilasini
6) Majjhimanikaya-tika ¡¦ by Dhammapala ¡¦ Papancasudani
7) Samyuttanikaya-tika ¡¦ by Dhammapala ¡¦ Saratthappakasini
8) Saratthamanjusa ¡¦ by Sariputta ¡¦ Manorathapurani (Atthakatha of Anguttara Nikaya)
3. Abhidhamma-tika ÒÕáÂ
9) Linatthapada-vannana ¡¦by Ananda Vanaratanatissa ¡¦ Atthasalini
10) Linatthavanna ¡¦ by Culla Dhammapala ¡¦ Linatthapada-vannana
11) Paramatthamanjusa ¡¦ by Dhammapala ¡¦ Visuddhimagga
¥³. ÞÈîîÐìöâ
1. Dipavamsa ÓöÞÈ(ÓöèÝ÷ÖÞÈ)
2. Mahavamsa ÓÞÞÈ(ÓÞèÝ÷ÖÞÈ)
3. Milindaphanha Ú¯ÑðöíèÝÙýÌè(Ñáà»ÝïÎøÌè)
4. Visuddhimagga ôèïäÔ³Öå
5. Kaccayana's Pali-vyakaranam ÷é××Ùþîð
6. Abhidhanappadipika Ù£öàåÞó¢(=Ù£ëùÙ¥Ôó)
7. Sarasangaha Ù£ëù¿¡ °üÇÑ °Í.
8. Abhidhammatthasangaha àîä¹ÝòӹبëùÖå
9. Gandhavamsa ÷é××Ùþá¡ßöÞÈ
10. Culavamsa á³èÝ÷ÖÞÈ
11. Sasanavamsa ÎçÞÈ by Pannasamin
12. Abhidhammatthasangaha àîä¹ÝòӹبëùÖå by Anuruddha
Notes:
1. <ØÐêÅÝÖÎçÓÞÞöîð>¿¡¼´Â
"ß²íúÀ» Á÷Á¢ ñ¼à·ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ñ¼(atthakatha)¶ó ÇÏ°í, ñ¼¸¦ ñ¼à·ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ØÇñ¼(tika), ´Ù½Ã ØÇñ¼¸¦ ñ¼à·ÇÑ °ÍÀ»
âËñ¼(anutika)¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù."¶ó°í ±â¼úÇß´Ù. [<ØÐêÅÝÖÎçÓÞÞöîð> Á¦5±Ç, p.4174c.] ¿©±â¼´Â tika¸¦
á¶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¸¹Àº ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ tika¿Í anutika¸¦ È¥µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇÐÀÚµéÀº tika¸¦ ÜÜñɶó°í
¹ø¿ªÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Âø¿À¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. º¹ÁÖ´Â tika¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÁÖ¼®ÇÑ anutika¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.[Return
to Text]
2. G. P. Malalasekera, The Pali Literature
of Ceylon (=PLC) (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1928; Reprinted
Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1994), p.1, p.321 ÂüÁ¶.[Return
to Text]
3. Walpola Rahula, History of Buddhism in Ceylon:
The Anuradhapura Period, 3rd Century B.C.-10th Century A.C. (=HBC).
First Edition May 1956, Third Edition. (Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: The Buddhist
Cultural Centre, 1993), Intro. xxvii-xxviii. [Return
to Text]
4. ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha)¸¦ ÇÑÀÚ¹®È±ÇÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ÀÚ Àڱ⠹æ½Ä´ë·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿©
»ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ñÉà·, ñ¼à·, ñ¼, ëùá µîÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ »çÀü °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÎ <ØÐêÅÝÖÎçÓÞÞöîð>¿¡¼µµ
ÅëÀÏÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. [Return to Text]
5. HBC. Intro. xxvii-xxviii. [Return
to Text]
6. Encyclopaedia of Buddhism (=EB), ed.
G.P. Malalasekera, The Government of Ceylon, 1967), Vol.¥±, pp.334-335.
[Return to Text]
7. Maha-atthakatha ÓÞñÉà·´Â »ïÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÇ°í °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ
ÁÖ¼®¼Àε¥, ÀüÅë¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¸¶Èù´Ù°¡ ½º¸®¶ûÄ«·Î °¡Áö°í ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» À̸®ÇÏ¿© ½ÌÇÒ¶ó¾ÆŸ±îŸ(Sihalatthakatha
à¸ÑðñÉà·)¶ó°í ºÎ¸£°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Æȸ®Á¤Àü¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖ¼®Àû ÀÚ·á¿¡ ºñÇؼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¶ÇϹæ»ç(Mahavamsa ÓÞÞÈ)¿Í µðºü¹æ»ç(Dipavamsa
ÓöÞÈ)¿Í °°Àº ÈÄ´ëÀÇ Æȸ® ¿¬´ë±âÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ µÇ¾ú´ø ¿ª»çÀû ÀÚ·áµéÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëÁÖ¼®Àº º×´Ù°í»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀڷḦ
²ø¾î ¿Â ÁÖµÈ ÀÚ·á¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ° ƯÈ÷ »ç¸¸µûºü»çµð±î(Samantapasadika ìéôîà¼Ì¸ëÏñÉ)¿¡¼ Á¾Á¾ ±× ÀÚ·áµéÀ»
ÀοëÇß´Ù. ´ëÁÖ¼®Àº ¾Æ´©¶ó´Ù»Ñ¶ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¶ÇÏÀ§Ç϶ó(Mahavihara ÓÞÞÑ)ÀÇ ½º´ÔµéÀÌ ´ã´çÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº º×´Ù°í»ç¿Í ´ã¸¶»¡¶ó(Dhammapala)
±×¸®°í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´ëüµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇöÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¾Á¾ ´ÜÁö ¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Atthakatha)·Î
ÀοëµÇ¾ú´Ù. [G.P. Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names (=DPPN)
Originally Published in 1937 in the Indian Text Series, New Delhi: Oriental
Books Reprint Corporation, 1983), Vol.¥±, p.460.] [Return
to Text]
8. ¸¶ÇÏ»¥Â¥¸®(Mahapaccari)´Â º×´Ù°í»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¸¦ ÆíÂùÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
»ç¿ëÇß´ø »ïÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿À·¡µÈ ÁÖ¼®¼ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÏü¼±°ßÀ²ÁÖ(Samantapasadika)¿¡¼ ÀÚÁÖ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÁÖÇصéÀ»
ÀοëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶Â¸ñ¿¡ °üÇØ ÆíÂùµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ºÎ¸¥´Ù°í ÀüÅëÀº ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. [DPPN. Vol.¥±, p.522.]
[Return to Text]
9. ²Ù·éµð-¾ÑŸ±îŸ(Kurundi-atthakatha)´Â º×´Ù°í»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¼¸¦
ÆíÂùÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇß´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î .»ïÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖ¼®¼ ¸ðÀ½Áý °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÌÇÒ¸®¾î·Î ¾º¾îÁø °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÀüÅëÀº ¸»ÇÏ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼ÀÏ·ÐÀÇ ²Û·é´Ùº§·ç-ºñÇ϶ó(Kunundavelu-Vihara)¿¡¼ ÆíÂùµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ºÎ¸¥´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
ƯÈ÷ ÀÏü¼±°ßÀ²ÁÖ¿¡¼ ²Ù·éµð-¾ÑŸ±îŸ¿¡ °üÇÑ ºó¹øÇÑ ÀοëÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ·Î À²ÀåÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î
º¸ÀδÙ. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ²Ù·éµð-°£´Ù(Kurundi-gandha)¶ó°íµµ ºÒ·È´Ù. µµÃ³¿¡¼ ²Ù·éµð-¾ÑŸ±îŸÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼®¼ÀÇ
±×°Íµé°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù.[DPPN. Vol.¥°, p.644.] [Return to Text]
10. À§ÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö ÁÖ¼®¼ ¿Ü¿¡ »óÄÉ»¥Å¸±îŸ(Sankhepatthakatha å²ëùáÂ),
¿ôµû¶óÀ§Ç϶ùŸ±îŸ(Uttaraviharatthakatha ÝÁÞÑñÉ) µîÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. <ÝÁÞÑñÉ>´Â ÙíèæߣÞÑ÷ïÀÇ °ÍÀε¥,
ÇöÀç ÇÑ¿ªÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À§¹µ¶ì¸·°¡(Vimuttimagga ú°÷Ô³Öå)´Â ¹«¿Ü»ê»çÆÄ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ¿øº»Àº 2¼¼±â °æÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÎ ¿ìºü¶ñ»ç(Upatissa)¿¡
ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. øÁô¹óàîÊ ì°ûÇÐÆæ» <ìÔÓøÝÖÎçÀÇ ÕöÞÈ> ß¾ (¼¿ï: ¹ÎÁ·»ç, 1989), p.162. [Return
to Text]
11. HBC. Intro. xxv. [Return
to Text]
12. Somapala Jayawardhana, Handbook of Pali
Literature (=HPL), (Colombo: Karunatne and Sons Ltd, 1994), p.164.
[Return to Text]
13. 'ÀÏüȯÈñ¸¸Á·(ìéôîü¶ýìØ»ðë)'À¸·Î ÇÑ¿ªÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÙÎïßÛÆ, <Ìü×ÈÖå>
(¼¿ï: µ¿±¹´ëÇб³ ºÎ¼³ µ¿±¹¿ª°æ¿ø, 1988), p.41. [Return to Text]
14. 'ÀǽÉÇØÁ¦(ë÷ãýú°ð¶)'·Î ÇÑ¿ªÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. À§ÀÇ Ã¥, p.41. [Return
to Text]
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