# dict

Words: go-between
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who takes messages from one person or group to another because the two sides cannot meet or do not want to meet//  act/serve as a go-between //  --A UN representative will act as a go-between for leaders of the two countries.//


Words: go-getter
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who is likely to be successful because they are very determined and have a lot of energy//  -- go-getting adj //


Words: go-go
Meaning:
adj  AmE  informal \n  1 a go-go period of time is one in which prices and the amount workers are paid increase very quickly:  --the go-go 1980s//\n  2 go-go stocks increase in value very quickly in a short period of time, but involve a lot of risk:


Words: go-kart
Meaning:
go-cart n [C]   a small car made of an open frame on four wheels, and used in races//  -- go-karting n  [U] //


Words: go-slow
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a protest against an employer in which the workers work as slowly as possible//    work-to-rule, strike//  American Equivalent:  slowdown//


Words: goad
Meaning:
v [T] \n  1 to make someone do something by annoying or encouraging them until they do it:    provoke//  goad sb into (doing) sth//  --Kathy goaded him into telling her what he had done.//  goad sb on//  --They goaded him on with insults.//\n  2 to push animals ahead of you with a sharp stick:\ngoad 2 n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gad]//\n  1 something that forces someone to do something:  --The offer of economic aid was a goad to political change.//\n  2 a sharp stick for making animals move forward:


Words: goal
Meaning:
W1S2   n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: gol  ’limit, boundary’ (1300-1400)]//\n  1 something that you hope to achieve in the future:   aim//  --His ultimate goal was to set up his own business.//  achieve/reach a goal //  --They achieved their goal of increasing sales by five percent.//  set (yourself/sb) a goal (=decide what you or someone else should try to achieve) //  long-term goal/short-term goal (=that you hope to achieve after a long or short time) //\n  2 the area between two posts where the ball must go in order to score in games such as football or hockey:  be in goal/keep goal  BrE  (=be the goalkeeper) //\n  3 the action of making the ball go into a goal, or the score gained by doing this:  --I scored the first goal .//


Words: goal line
Meaning:
n [C]   a line at either end of the playing area in sports such as football or hockey, along which the goal is placed//


Words: goalkeeper
Meaning:
n [C]   the player in a sports team whose job is to try to stop the ball going into the goal//  American Equivalent:  goaltender//


Words: goalkick
Meaning:
n [C]   a kick in football taken by a goalkeeper after the attacking team has kicked the ball over the goal line//


Words: goalpost
Meaning:
n [C usually plural] \n  1 one of the two posts, with a bar along the top or across the middle, that form the goal in games such as football and hockey:   post//\n  2  move/shift the goalposts:   BrE  informal to change the rules, limits etc for something while someone is trying to do something, making it more difficult for them - used to show disapproval//


Words: goat
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gat]//\n  1 an animal that has horns on top of its head and long hair under its chin, and can climb steep hills and rocks. Goats live wild in the mountains or are kept as farm animals.:\n  2  get sb’s goat:   spoken  informal to make someone extremely annoyed//\n  3  old goat:   informal an unpleasant old man, especially one who annoys women in a sexual way//\n  4  act/play the goat:   BrE  informal to behave in a silly way//    billy goat,  nanny goat//


Words: gob
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gobe  ’large piece of food’, from  gobet;   GOBBET]//\n  1  BrE an impolite word for someone’s mouth:  --Jean told him to shut his gob .//  --She’s always stuffing her gob with food.//\n  2 a mass of something wet and sticky:  gob of//  --There’s a gob of gum on my chair.//\n  3  gobs:   AmE a large amount of something//  gobs of//  --gobs of money//\ngob 2   past tense and past participle  gobbed present participle  gobbing  v [I] //   BrE  informal to blow a small amount of liquid out of your mouth//   spit//


Words: gobbet
Meaning:
n [C]  old use   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: ’mouthful, piece’]//  a small piece of something, especially food//


Words: gobble
Meaning:
v  informal   [Sense: 1; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from  gob]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  From the sound]//\n  1  also gobble up/down :   [I and T] to eat something very quickly, especially in an impolite or greedy way//   wolf//  --Don’t gobble your food!//  --She gobbled down her lunch.//\n  2 [I] to make a sound like a turkey:  -- gobble n  [C] //  gobble sth up [gobble sth→ up] phr v//\n  1 if one company gobbles up a smaller company, it buys it and takes control of it:  --Air France gobbled up its main French rivals, Air Inter and UTA.//\n  2 to quickly use a lot of a supply of something such as money or land:  --Inflation has gobbled up our wage increases.//\n  3 to eat something very quickly, especially in an impolite or greedy way:  --We gobbled up all of the cake in one evening.//


Words: gobbledygook
Meaning:
also  gobbledegook BrE   n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gobble]//   informal complicated language, especially in an official or technical document, that is impossible or difficult to understand - used to show disapproval//


Words: Gobi Desert
Meaning:
the Gobi Desert//   also the Gobi //  one of the largest deserts in the world. It is partly in northern China and partly in Mongolia.//


Words: goblet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gobelet]//  a cup made of glass or metal, with a base and a stem but no handle//


Words: goblin
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gobelin, from  Medieval Latin gobelinus, perhaps from  Greek kobalos  ’bad man’]//  a small ugly creature in children’s stories that likes to trick people//


Words: god
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1  God:  the spirit or being who Christians, Jews, Muslims etc pray to, and who they believe created the universe//  --Most Americans still  believe in God . //  -- Nothing could shake his  belief in God . //  -- He thought it was  the will of God  that he should suffer. //  --We believe that the Bible is the word of God .//  --Every day is a  gift from God .//\n  2 [C] a male spirit or being who is believed by some religions to control the world or part of it, or who represents a particular quality:    goddess//  god of//  --Mars, the god of war//  Roman/Greek etc god //\n  3  God’s gift to sb/sth:  someone who thinks they are perfect or extremely attractive - used to show disapproval//  --Paul thinks he’s God’s gift to women.//\n  4 [C] someone who is admired very much:  --To his fans he is a god.//\n  5 [C] something which you give too much importance or respect to:  --Money became his god.//\n  6  the gods:  a) the force that some people believe controls their lives, bringing them good or bad luck//  --The gods are against us.//  b)  BrE  informal  old-fashioned the seats high up and at the back of a theatre//\n  7  God/oh (my) God/good God/God almighty:   spoken used to emphasize what you are saying, when you are surprised, annoyed, or amused//  --Oh God, how embarrassing!//\n  8  for God’s sake:   spoken used to emphasize something you are saying when you are annoyed//  --For God’s sake, shut up!//\n  9  I swear/hope/wish/pray to God:   spoken used to emphasize that you promise, hope etc that something is true//  --I hope to God nothing goes wrong.//\n  10  God forbid (that):   spoken used to say that you very much hope that something will not happen//  --God forbid that this should ever happen again.//\n  11  God (only) knows:   spoken //  a) used to show that you are annoyed because you do not know something, or because you think that something is unreasonable//  God (only) knows who/what/how etc//  --God knows what she’s doing in there.//  --It’ll cost God only knows how much.//  b) used to emphasize what you are saying//  --God knows, it hasn’t been easy.//\n  12  what/how/where/who in God’s name:   spoken used to emphasize a question when you are angry or surprised//  --Where in God’s name have you been?//\n  13  God help you/him etc:   spoken used to warn someone that something bad will happen//  --God help you if you spill anything on the carpet.//\n  14  God help us:   spoken said humorously when you think that something bad is going to happen//  --’Simon’s doing the cooking.’ ’God help us!’//\n  15  honest to God:   spoken used to emphasize that you are not lying or joking//  --Honest to God, I didn’t tell her!//\n  16  God willing:   spoken used to say that you hope there will be no problems//  --We’ll be moving next month, God willing.//\n  17  God bless:   spoken used to say that you hope someone will be safe and happy, especially when you are saying goodbye//  --Good night and God bless.//\n  18  God give me strength!:   spoken used when you are becoming annoyed//\n  19  there is a God!:   spoken said when someone is explaining that something very good happened to them at a time when they thought that their situation was very bad//  --In walked four gorgeous, blond Swedish boys, and I thought, ’There is a God!’//\n  20  God rest his/her soul:   also God rest him/her //   spoken old use used to show respect when speaking about someone who is dead//\n  21  by God:   spoken old use used to emphasize how determined or surprised you are//    there but for the grace of God at grace1 (6)//    in the lap of the gods at lap1 (6)//    play God at play1 (8)//    thank God/goodness/heavens at thank(2)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  believe in God //  worship God //  pray to God //  belief/faith in God //  God’s will/the will of God  (=what God wants to happen) //  the word of God (=what God says) //  gift from/of God //  Almighty God/God Almighty (=used in prayers and hymn s) //  HINT sense 1 //  In this sense, God is written with a capital letter and without ’the’: We asked God (NOT the God) to help us. Expressions containing the word God such as oh my God are common in spoken English but can offend religious people. //  WORD FOCUS: God //  places where people worship God: church (=Christians) //  temple (=Buddhists and Hindus) //  mosque (=Muslims) //  synagogue (=Jews) //  treated with great respect because of being connected with God: holy,  sacred //  having strong beliefs in God: devout,  pious //  someone who does not believe in God : atheist //  someone who is not sure if God exists: agnostic //  See also:  spiritual//  ----------//


Words: God Save the Queen
Meaning:
the  national anthem (=the official national song)  of the UK. The title of the song changes to ’God Save the King’ when the  monarch is a king.//


Words: God squad
Meaning:
n   the God squad//  an insulting way of describing Christians who try to persuade other people to become Christians//


Words: god-awful
Meaning:
God-awful godawful/g[hA361]d[hA350][hA359]f[hA368]l $ g[hA35A][hA359]d[hA361][hA359]-/ adj [only before noun]    informal very bad or unpleasant. Some Christian people find this word offensive//  --What’s that god-awful smell?//


Words: God-fearing
Meaning:
adj  old use   leading a good life and following the rules of the Christian religion//  --God-fearing people//


Words: God-given
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   received from God//  --She has a God-given talent for singing.//  a God-given right (=the right to do something without asking anyone else’s opinion) //  --The protesters have no God-given right to disrupt the life of the city.//


Words: godchild
Meaning:
n   plural  godchildren /-t[hA35D]zldr[hA353]n/ [C] //  the child that a godparent promises to help and to teach Christian values to. This promise is made at a baptism ceremony.//


Words: goddammit
Meaning:
also  God damn it/g[hA361]d[zB024]m[hA369]t $ g[hA35A][hA359]dd[zB024]m-/ interjection   a word used to express annoyance, anger etc. Some Christian people consider this word offensive.//


Words: goddamn
Meaning:
goddam/g[hA361]d[zB024]m $ g[hA35A][hA359]dd[zB024]m[hA36B]/ adj  also goddamned   [only before noun]    spoken a word used to show that you are angry or annoyed, considered offensive by some Christians//  --Where’s the goddamn key?//  -- goddamn goddam//   goddamned//   adv //  --I just did something so goddamned stupid.//


Words: goddess
Meaning:
Goddess/g[hA361]d[hA369]s $ g[hA35A][hA359]-/ n [C] \n  1 a female being who is believed to control the world or part of it, or represents a particular quality:  --Aphrodite, goddess of love//\n  2  screen goddess:  an attractive female film star//


Words: Godfather
Meaning:
The   (1972) a violent US film, in which Marlon Brando appears as the leader of a powerful  Mafia family,  the Corleone family. Two other films, The Godfather Part II and The Godfather Part III, were made about the same family. The film is based on a book by Mario Puzo, and was made by Francis Ford Coppola.//


Words: godfather
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a male godparent:\n  2  informal the head of a criminal organization such as the mafia:\n  3  the godfather of sth:  someone who began or developed something such as a type of music//  --Afrika Bambaataa, the Godfather of hip hop//


Words: godforsaken
Meaning:
Godforsaken/g[hA361]df[hA353]se[hA366]k[hA353]n $ g[hA35A][hA359]df[hA353]r-/ adj [only before noun]   a godforsaken place is far away from where people live and contains nothing interesting, attractive, or cheerful//  --How can you stand living in this godforsaken town?//


Words: Godhead
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: god +  -head  ’-hood’]//  the Godhead//   formal a word that Christians use to mean the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, who they consider to be one God in three parts//


Words: Godiva
Meaning:
Lady   an 11th-century British woman of high rank who, according to old stories, rode a horse through Coventry with no clothes on as a  protest, to persuade her husband to lower the local taxes//


Words: godparent
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who promises at a baptism ceremony to help a child, and to teach him or her Christian values//


Words: godsend
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: god-sent  ’sent by God’]//  something good that happens to you when you really need it//  godsend for/to//  --The hot weather has been a godsend for ice-cream sellers.//


Words: godspeed
Meaning:
Godspeed/g[hA361]dspi[hA359]d $ g[hA35A][hA359]dspi[hA359]d, g[hA35A][hA359]dspi[hA359]d/ n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: God speed you  ’may God give you success’]//   spoken old use used to wish someone good luck, especially before a journey//


Words: Goebbels
Meaning:
Paul Joseph   (1897-1945) a German Nazi politician who controlled German propaganda during the Second World War//


Words: goer
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  BrE  spoken old use a woman who often has sex with different men:  --She’s a bit of a goer.//\n  2  also  -goer:  used after words such as party, church, and theatre to form nouns that refer to people who regularly go to parties, church etc//  --cinema-goers//


Words: Goering
Meaning:
Hermann Wilhelm   (1893-1946) a German Nazi military commander who was in control of the German air force in the Second World War//


Words: Goethe
Meaning:
Johann Wolfgang von   (1749-1832) a German poet and scientist, and one of the best known writers of plays and books of all time, famous especially for his play  Faust//


Words: gofer
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: go for]//   informal someone who carries messages etc for their employer//


Words: Gog and Magog
Meaning:
in old stories, the last two of a race of  giants living in Britain in Roman times. In the Apocalypse in the Bible they represent the future enemies of the kingdom of God.//


Words: goggle
Meaning:
v [I]  old-fashioned   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from an unrecorded  gog  ’to move up and down’]//  to look at something with your eyes wide open in surprise or shock//   gape//  goggle at//  --They were goggling at us as if we were freaks.//


Words: goggles
Meaning:
n [plural]   a pair of glasses made of glass or plastic with a rubber or plastic edge that fit against your skin and protect your eyes//


Words: going
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 the difficulty or speed with which something is done:  hard/rough/slow etc going //  --I’m getting the work done, but it’s slow going.//  good going/not bad going //  --We climbed the mountain in three hours, which wasn’t bad going.//\n  2 the act of leaving a place:   departure//  --His going will be no great loss to the company.//\n  3  heavy going:  if a book, play etc is heavy going, it is boring and difficult to understand//\n  4  while the going’s good:   spoken if you suggest doing something while the going’s good, you think it should be done before it becomes difficult or impossible//  --Let’s leave while the going’s good.//\n  5  when the going gets tough, the tough get going:  when the conditions become difficult, strong people begin to do something in a determined way//\n  6  the going:   BrE the condition of the ground, especially for a horse race//    comings and goings at coming1 (2)//\ngoing 2 adj \n  1  the going rate/price/salary etc:  the usual amount you pay or receive as payment for something//  the going rate/price/salary etc for//  --Thirty dollars an hour is the going rate for a math tutor.//\n  2  the biggest/best/nicest etc sth going:  the biggest, best etc of a particular thing//  --It’s some of the best beer going.//\n  3 [not before noun]  BrE  informal available:  --Are there any jobs going where you work?//\n  4  have a lot going for you:  to have many advantages and good qualities that will bring success//  --Stop being so depressed. You have a lot going for you.//\n  5  a going concern:  a business which is making a profit and is expected to continue to do so//\n  6  also  -going:  used after words such as cinema and theatre to form adjectives that describe people who regularly go to the cinema, theatre etc//  --the cinema-going public//


Words: going-over
Meaning:
n [singular]  informal \n  1 a thorough examination of something to make sure it is all right:    once-over//  --The media gave his personal life a pretty firm going-over.//\n  2  give sth a going-over:  to improve the condition of something, for example by cleaning it thoroughly//  --You ought to give the place a going-over with the Hoover once in a while.//\n  3  give sb a going-over:   BrE to hit someone and hurt them//


Words: goings-on
Meaning:
n [plural]   activities or events that are strange or interesting, and often illegal//  --She was shocked by some of the goings-on at the school.//


Words: Golan Heights
Meaning:
the Golan Heights//  a range of hills and mountains east of the Jordan River, occupied by Israel since 1967//


Words: gold
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 [U] a valuable soft yellow metal that is used to make coins, jewellery etc. It is a chemical element: symbol Au:  --a gold ring//  pure/solid gold //  --solid gold watches//  9/18/22/24 carat gold (=a measurement used to show how pure gold is) //\n  2 [U] coins, jewellery etc made of gold:  --She came to the party dripping with gold  (=wearing a lot of gold) .//\n  3 [U and C] the colour of gold:  --The room was decorated in golds and blues.//  --Gold looks good on people with dark hair.//\n  4 [C]  informal a gold medal:    have a heart of gold at heart(2)//\ngold 2 adj \n  1 made of gold:  gold watch/chain/ring etc //\n  2 having the colour of gold:  --a gold jacket//   golden//


Words: gold card
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a type of credit card that gives you special advantages such as a high spending limit//


Words: Gold Coast
Meaning:
n \n  1 the former name of Ghana before 1957:\n  2 [C]  AmE an expensive area of nice homes, especially one near water:  --Chicago’s Gold Coast along Lake Shore Drive//


Words: gold dust
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 gold in the form of a fine powder:\n  2  be like gold dust:   BrE to be very valuable and difficult to find//  --Cup final tickets are like gold dust.//


Words: gold leaf
Meaning:
n [U]   gold which has been beaten into extremely thin sheets and is used to cover things such as picture frames for decoration//


Words: gold medal
Meaning:
n [C]   a prize made of gold that is given to someone for winning a race or competition//    bronze medal, silver medal//  -- gold medallist BrE  gold medalist AmE //


Words: gold standard
Meaning:
n   the gold standard//   technical the use of the value of gold as a fixed standard on which to base the value of money//


Words: gold-plated
Meaning:
adj   something that is gold-plated has a layer of gold on top of another metal//  -- gold plate n  [U] //


Words: Goldberg
Meaning:
Rube   (1883-1970) a US cartoonist (=an artist who draws funny pictures that tell a joke or say something humorous about the news)  who drew strange and extremely complicated machines that are designed to do very simple jobs//    Heath Robinson//


Words: goldbrick
Meaning:
[C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  From a trick in which a brick is sold by pretending it is made of gold]//   AmE  informal someone who stays away from their work, especially by pretending that they are ill//  -- goldbrick v  [I] //


Words: golden
Meaning:
W3   adj \n  1 having a bright yellow colour like gold:  --golden hair//  --golden sand//\n  2  a golden opportunity:  a good chance to get something valuable or to be very successful//  --He wasted a golden opportunity when he missed from the penalty spot.//\n  3  golden boy/girl:  someone who is popular and successful//  --Hollywood’s golden girl, Julia Roberts//\n  4 [only before noun] a golden period of time is one of great happiness or success:  golden years/days etc //  --the golden years of childhood//  --the golden age of radio//\n  5  sb is golden:   AmE  spoken  informal used to say that someone is in a very good situation and is likely to be successful//  --If the right editor looks at your article, you’re golden.//\n  6  literary made of gold:  --a golden crown//


Words: golden anniversary plural
Meaning:
golden anniversaries  n [C]    especially  AmE the date that is exactly 50 years after the beginning of something, especially a wedding//    diamond anniversary, silver anniversary//  British Equivalent:  golden wedding//  British Equivalent:  golden jubilee//


Words: Golden Gate
Meaning:
the Golden Gate//  an area of water which connects San Francisco Bay in California with the Pacific Ocean. It is crossed by the Golden Gate Bridge.//


Words: Golden Gate Bridge
Meaning:
the Golden Gate Bridge//   also the Golden Gate //  a bridge which crosses an area of water in San Francisco Bay in California, to connect the city of San Francisco with Marin County//


Words: Golden Glove Awards
Meaning:
the   a ceremony held every year in the US, at which prizes are given to the best baseball fielders in the  Major Leagues//


Words: golden handcuffs
Meaning:
n [plural]  informal   things such as a large salary or a good pension that make important workers want to continue working for an organization, rather than leave to work for a competing organization//


Words: golden hello
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  informal   a large amount of money that is given to a new employee, in order to persuade them not to go to work for another organization//  --New teachers are given golden hellos.//


Words: golden jubilee
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE the date that is exactly 50 years after an important event, such as the occasion when someone became king or queen//    diamond jubilee, silver jubilee//  American Equivalent:  golden anniversary//  --the Queen’s golden jubilee celebrations//


Words: golden parachute
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   part of a business person’s contract which states that they will be paid a large amount of money if they lose their job, for example if the company is sold//


Words: Golden Rule
Meaning:
The   an idea from the Bible that people should treat others in the way that they want to be treated themselves//


Words: golden rule
Meaning:
n [C]   a very important principle, way of behaving etc that should be remembered//  --The golden rule of cooking is to use fresh ingredients.//


Words: Golden Temple
Meaning:
the Golden Gate//  a  temple (=a type of church)  in  Amritsar in India which is very important in the  Sikh religion. It stands in the middle of a holy lake and contains the holy book of the Sikhs.//


Words: Golden Triangle
Meaning:
the Golden Triangle//  an area of hills consisting of part of Laos, Thailand, and Burma. Poppies for making the drug  opium are illegally grown there.//


Words: golden wedding
Meaning:
BrE  n [C]   the date that is exactly 50 years after a wedding//   golden anniversary//    diamond wedding, silver wedding//


Words: goldfish bowl
Meaning:
n   goldfish//\n  1 [C] a round glass bowl in which fish are kept as pets:\n  2 [singular] a situation in which people know about everything that happens in your life:  --Popstars have to live their life in a goldfish bowl.//


Words: Goldilocks
Meaning:
1 the main character in the children’s story  Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Goldilocks is a young girl with golden-coloured hair who visits the house of the Three Bears while they are out. She tries sitting in each of their chairs, tastes each of their bowls of  porridge, and lies in each of their beds until she finds the one she likes best. When the Bears come back, they realize that someone has been in their home. They each ask "Who’s been sitting in my chair?", "Who’s been eating my porridge?", and "Who’s been sleeping in my bed?" until they finally find Goldilocks asleep in the baby bear’s bed. Goldilocks then wakes up and runs away.:\n  2 a humorous name for someone, especially a little girl, with  blonde hair:


Words: Golding
Meaning:
William   (1911-93) a British writer who won the  Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983. His most famous work is the novel  Lord of the Flies//


Words: goldmine
Meaning:
gold mine/g[hA353][hA35E]ldma[hA366]n $ go[hA35E]ld-/ n [C] \n  1  informal a business or activity that produces large profits:  --The nightclub turned out to be a real goldmine.//\n  2 a place where gold is dug out from a hole in the ground:\n  3  be sitting on a goldmine:  to own something very valuable, especially without realizing it//


Words: Goldsmith
Meaning:
Oliver   (1728-74) an Irish poet and writer of novels, including  The Vicar of Wakefield, and plays, including  She Stoops to Conquer//


Words: Goldwyn
Meaning:
Samuel   (1882-1974) a US film  producer who started the company that became  MGM and had an important part in the development of the Hollywood film industry//


Words: golf
Meaning:
W3S2   n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from  Middle Dutch colf  ’stick for hitting a ball’]//  a game in which the players hit a small white ball into holes in the ground with a set of golf clubs, using as few hits as possible//  --He plays golf on Sundays.//  --a round of golf  (=complete game of golf) //  -- golfer n  [C] //  -- golfing n  [U] //


Words: golf club
Meaning:
n [C]   1 a long wooden or metal stick used for hitting the ball in the game of golf//\n  2 an organization of people who play golf, or the land and buildings they use:


Words: Golgotha
Meaning:
the ancient Jewish name for the place near Jerusalem where, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ died by being  crucified. Its Roman name was Calvary.//


Words: Goliath
Meaning:
1 in the Old Testament of the Bible, a  giant (=a very big, strong man)  who was killed by a boy called David, who later became King  David:\n  2 a person or organization that is very large and powerful:  --How can a small computer company compete with the goliaths of the industry?//


Words: golliwog
Meaning:
n [C]   a child’s doll made of cloth, like a man with a black face, white eyes, and short black hair. Golliwogs are considered offensive to black people.//


Words: golly
Meaning:
interjection  spoken old use   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: god]//  used to express surprise//   gosh//\ngolly 2   plural  gollies  n [C] //   informal a golliwog//


Words: gonad
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Greek gonos  ’seed’]//   technical the male or female sex organ in which the sperm or eggs are produced//


Words: gondola
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Italian; Origin: , probably from  Rhaeto-Romance gondola  ’to roll’]//\n  1 a long narrow boat with a flat bottom and high points at each end, used on the canals in Venice in Italy:\n  2 the place where passengers sit that hangs beneath an airship or balloon1(2):\n  3 the enclosed part of a cable car where the passengers sit:


Words: Gondwanaland
Meaning:
the very large area of land that existed about 200 million years ago, before it broke apart to form Antarctica, Australia, Africa, South America, and India //    Laurasia//    Pangaea//


Words: gone
Meaning:
the past participle of go//\ngone 2 adj \n  1  be gone:  a) to be no longer in a particular place//  --The door slammed and he was gone.//  --I turned round for my bag and it was gone.//  b) to be dead or to no longer exist//  --His wife’s been gone for several years.//  --Many of the old houses are gone now.//    dead and gone at dead1 (1)//\n  2  be gone on sb:   BrE  informal to be very attracted to someone of the opposite sex//  --Kate’s really gone on that boy next door.//\n  3  be five/six/seven etc months gone:   BrE  informal to have been pregnant for five, six etc months//    going, going, gone at go1 (36)//\ngone 3 prep  BrE  informal   later than a particular time or older than a particular age//   past//  --When we got home it was gone midnight.//


Words: Gone with the Wind
Meaning:
(1939) a US film, based on a novel by Margaret  Mitchell. Many people think it is one of the greatest romantic films ever made. It tells the story of a beautiful, determined woman called Scarlett  O’Hara, acted by Vivien  Leigh, who lives in Georgia during the American  Civil War. She marries Rhett  Butler, acted by Clark  Gable, but treats him badly.//


Words: goner
Meaning:
n  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gone]//  be a goner//  if someone is a goner, they are soon going to die, to fall, be caught etc//  --Someone hit me from behind and I thought I was a goner.//


Words: Goneril
Meaning:
one of King Lear’s daughters in the play  King Lear by William  Shakespeare. She and her sister  Regan pretend to love their father to make him give them his land, and then treat him so cruelly that he becomes mentally ill. Goneril finally kills Regan with poison, and then kills herself.//    Cordelia//    Regan//


Words: gong
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Malay]//\n  1 a round piece of metal that hangs in a frame and which you hit with a stick to give a deep ringing sound. It is used as a musical instrument or to announce that a meal is ready:\n  2  BrE  informal a medal, title, or prize that someone is given:


Words: gonorrhea
Meaning:
gonorrhoea/g[hA361]n[hA353]ri[hA359][hA353] $ g[hA35A][hA359]-/ n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Greek gonorrhoia,  from  gonos  ’seed’ +  -rrhoia, from  rhein  ’to flow’]//  a disease of the sex organs that is passed on during sex//


Words: gonzo journalism
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  gonzo from  Italian,  ’stupid person’]//  newspaper reporting that is concerned with shocking or exciting the reader and not with giving serious news//  -- gonzo journalist n  [C] //


Words: goo
Meaning:
n [U]  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  glue]//  an unpleasantly sticky substance//    gooey//  --My washbag’s covered in goo.//


Words: good
Meaning:
adj   comparative  better /bet[hA353] $ -[hA353]r/superlative  best /best///  ----------//\n   1 of a high standard:\n   2 skilful:\n   3 what you want:\n   4 pleasant/enjoyable:\n   5 successful/correct:\n   6 suitable:\n   7 useful:\n   8 behaving well:\n   9 makes you healthy:\n  10 keeps something in good condition:\n  11 physically well:\n  12 not damaged or weak:\n  13 kind:\n  14 morally right:\n  15 large:\n  16 reasonable price:\n  17 completely/thoroughly:\n  18 a good deal:\n  19 good value (for money):\n  20 good for something:\n  21 a good three miles/ten years etc:\n  22 as good as:\n  23 a good few/many:\n  24 too good to be true/to last:\n  25 somebody’s too good for somebody:\n  26 in your own good time:\n  27 in good time (for something/to do something):\n  28 hanging/shooting etc is too good for somebody:\n  29 as good a time/place etc as any:\n  30 be as good as your word:\n  31 a good word for somebody/something:\n  32 be in somebody’s good books:\n  33 have a good thing going:\n  34 be onto a good thing:\n  35 make good:\n  35 make it good:\n  36 make good a debt/loss etc:\n  37 make good your escape:\n  38 the good life:\n  39 the good old days:\n  40 somebody’s good offices:\n  41 good Samaritan:\n  42 the good book:\n  43 good:\n  44 that’s good:\n  45 (that’s a) good idea/point/question:\n  46 good luck:\n  47 good luck to him/them etc:\n  48 good for somebody:\n  49 it’s a good thing:\n  50 that’s/it’s not good enough:\n  51 be good and ready:\n  52 that’s a good one:\n  53 be good for a laugh:\n  54 good old John/Karen etc:\n  55 good grief/God/Lord/heavens/gracious!:\n  56 good girl/boy/dog etc:\n  57 if you know what’s good for you:\n  58 would you be good enough to do something:\n  59 all in good time:\n  60 have a good one:\n  61 be good to go:\n  62 be as good as it gets:\n  63 it’s all good:\n  64 very good:\n  65 (jolly) good show:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: god]//\n  1 OF A HIGH STANDARD:  of a high standard or quality//  → bad, poor//  --a good hotel//  --good quality cloth//  --The train service is not very good.//  --My French is better than my Spanish.//  --You’ll receive the best medical treatment.//  --His qualifications aren’t good enough . see usage note  well1 //\n  2 SKILFUL:  able to do something well//  --She’s a very good player.//  --Do you know a good builder?//  good at (doing) sth//  --Alex is very good at languages.//  --She’s good at making things.//  good with//  --As a politician, you need to be  good with words  (=skilful at using words) .//  --He’s very  good with people  (=skilful at dealing with people) .//  do/make a good job (of doing sth) (=do something well) //  --Mike’s done a good job of painting the windows.//\n  3 WHAT YOU WANT:  used about something that is what you want or happens in the way that you want//  → bad//  --That’s good news !//  --I need a bit of  good luck .//\n  4 PLEASANT/ENJOYABLE:  pleasant and enjoyable//  it’s good to do sth//  --It’s good to see you again.//  have a good time/day/weekend etc //  --Did you have a good vacation?//  --That was good fun .//\n  5 SUCCESSFUL/CORRECT:  likely to be successful or correct//  --She’s full of good ideas .//  --Well, can you think of a better plan?//  --What’s the best way to deal with this?//  --The police have a pretty good idea who did it.//  --I’m not sure, but I could make  a good guess .//\n  6 SUITABLE:  suitable or convenient//  --Is this a  good time  to talk to you?//  --It was a good place to rest.//  good for (doing) sth//  --It’s a good day for going to the beach.//  be good for sb  especially AmE //  --Ten o’clock is good for me.//\n  7 USEFUL:  useful or helpful//  → bad//  --Do you want some  good advice ?//  -- The best thing you can do is wait here.//  --You should make good use of your time.//\n  8 BEHAVING WELL:  behaving well and not causing any trouble - used especially about a child//   well-behaved//  → naughty//  --She’s such a good baby.//  --The kids were as good as gold  (=very good) .//    be on your best behaviour at behaviour(2)//\n  9 MAKES YOU HEALTHY:  likely to make you healthy, either physically or mentally//  → bad//  good for//  --Fresh fruit and vegetables are good for you.//  --Watching too much TV isn’t good for you.//  good to eat/drink //  --They have to learn which wild foods are good to eat.//\n  10 KEEPS SOMETHING IN GOOD CONDITION:   be good for sth//  likely to improve the condition of something//  --products that are good for the environment//  --The publicity has been good for business.//\n  11 PHYSICALLY WELL:   [used especially in negatives and comparatives] healthy or well//  --’How are you?’ ’Better, thanks.’//  --Lyn’s not feeling too good today.//\n  12 NOT DAMAGED OR WEAK:  if the condition of something is good, it is not damaged or weak//  in good condition/shape //  --It’s in pretty good condition for an old car.//  --Boris had always kept his body in good shape.//  --The Chancellor announced that the economy is in good shape.//  --Once the boat’s repaired, it’ll be as good as new  (=in perfect condition) .//  sb’s good eye/arm/leg etc (=the one that is not damaged) //  --He sat up, supporting himself on his good arm.//\n  13 KIND:  kind and understanding about what other people need or want//  good about//  --Dad lent me the money. He was very good about it.//  it/that/this is good of sb//  --It was good of him to offer you a lift.//  --The company’s always been very good to me.//\n  14 MORALLY RIGHT:  behaving correctly or being right according to accepted moral standards//  → bad//  --a good man//  --I try to be good, but it isn’t always easy.//  --Well, that’s my good deed for the day  (=something good you try to do for someone else every day) .//  --I’m on the side of the good guys  (=people who behave in a morally right way, for example in a film) .//\n  15 LARGE:  large in amount, size, range etc//    goodish//  --We’ve had a good crop of apples.//  --There’s a good range of leisure facilities.//  --I’d been waiting a good while  (=a fairly long time) .//  --Our team has a good chance of winning (=is fairly likely to win) .//\n  16 REASONABLE PRICE:  a good price is reasonable and not expensive //  --$30 sounds like a good price to me.//\n  17 COMPLETELY/THOROUGHLY:   [only before noun] doing something for a long time, so that you do it completely and thoroughly//  --You need  a good rest .//  -- Take a good look  at it.//  --She sat down and  had a good cry .//  --This time he waited until he was  good and ready  (=completely ready) .//\n  18  a good deal:  a lot//  --It cost a good deal, I can tell you.//  a good deal of trouble/time/work etc //  --I went to a good deal of trouble to get this ticket.//  a good deal bigger/better etc //  --He was a good deal older than her.//\n  19  good value (for money):   BrE something that is good value is not expensive, or is worth what you pay for it//  --The three-course menu is varied and good value for money.//\n  20  good for sth:  a) able to be used for a particular period of time//   valid//  good for one month/a year etc //  --Your passport is good for another three years.//  b) likely to continue living or being useful for a particular time or distance, even though old or not in good condition//  good for some time/a hundred miles etc //  --This old truck is good for another 100,000 miles.//  c)  informal likely to give you something or provide something//  --Dad should be good for a few bucks.//\n  21  a good three miles/ten years etc:  at least three miles, ten years etc, and probably more//  --It’s a good mile away.//  --He’s a good ten years younger than her.//\n  22  as good as:  almost//  as good as done/finished etc //  --The summer’s as good as over.//  as good as dead/ruined/useless etc //  --This carpet’s as good as ruined.//\n  23  a good few/many:  a fairly large number of things or people//  --I’ve done this a good few times now.//  --A good many people were upset about the new tax.//\n  24  too good to be true/to last:   informal so good that you cannot believe it is real, or you expect something bad to happen//  --Their relationship had always seemed too good to be true.//\n  25  sb’s too good for sb:  used to say that you think the second person does not deserve to have a relationship with the first//  --George is a good lad, too good for you!//\n  26  in your own good time:   informal if you do something in your own good time, you do it only when you are ready to do it, rather than when other people want you to//  --I’ll tell him in my own good time.//\n  27  in good time (for sth/to do sth):   BrE if you do something in good time, you do it early enough to be ready for a particular time or event//  --Ben arrived in good time for dinner.//\n  28  hanging/shooting etc is too good for sb:   spoken used to say that someone has done something so bad that they deserve the most severe punishment available//\n  29  as good a time/place etc as any:  used to say that although a time etc is not perfect, there will probably not be a better one//  --I suppose this is as good a place as any to stay.//\n  30  be as good as your word:  to do something that you promised to do//\n  31  a good word for sb/sth:  something good that you say about someone or something//  --Dan put in a good word for you at the meeting.//  have/find a good word (to say) //  --No one had a good word to say for her.//\n  32  be in sb’s good books:   informal if you are in someone’s good books, they are pleased with you or your work//  --I’ll ask my boss for the day off - I’m in her good books just now.//\n  33  have a good thing going:  to have or be doing something that is successful//  --They’ve got a good thing going with that little shop of theirs.//\n  34  be onto a good thing:   BrE  informal to have found an easy way of being successful or getting what you want//  --Andrew knew when he was onto a good thing.//\n  35  make good:   also  make it good//  to become successful and rich after being poor - used especially in newspapers//  --a country boy who made good in New York//\n  36  make good a debt/loss etc:  to pay someone money that you owe, or to provide money to replace what has been lost - used especially in business//  --The loss to the company was made good by contributions from its subsidiaries.//\n  37  make good your escape:   literary to succeed in escaping//\n  38  the good life:  an expensive way of living with good food, fast cars etc//  --his weakness for women and the good life//\n  39  the good old days:  the good times in the past //  --We talked for hours about the good old days.//\n  40  sb’s good offices:   formal help that someone provides, especially someone in a position of power//\n  41  good Samaritan:  someone who gives help to people in trouble//\n  42  the good book:   old-fashioned the Bible//    so far so good at far1 (8)//    give as good as you get at give1 (34)//    while the going’s good at going1 (4)//    hold good at hold1 (14)//    for good measure at measure2 (8)//    pay good money for sth at money(5)//    bad/good sailor at sailor(2)//    that’s/it’s all well and good at well3 (4)//\n  43  spoken  good:  a) used to say that you are pleased about something//  --Good. I’m glad that’s finished.//  --’I got an A in Biology, Mum.’ ’ Oh, good .’//  b) used to tell someone that you think their work or what they are doing is good//  --’Is the answer five?’ ’Yes, good.’//\n  44  spoken  that’s good:  used to say that you approve of something//  --’I’ve booked a table.’ ’Oh, that’s good.’//\n  45  spoken  (that’s a) good idea/point/question:  used to say that someone has just said or suggested something interesting or important that you had not thought of before//  --’But it’s Sunday, the bank will be closed.’ ’Good point.’//\n  46  spoken  good luck:  used to say that you hope that someone is successful or that something good happens to them//  --Good luck in your exams.//\n  47  spoken  good luck to him/them etc:  used to say that you hope someone is successful, even if you think this is unlikely//  --’They’re hoping to finish it by November.’ ’Good luck to them.’//\n  48  spoken  good for sb:  used to say that you approve of something that someone has done//  --’I’ve decided to accept the job.’ ’Good for you.’//\n  49  spoken  it’s a good thing:   also it’s a good job  BrE used to say that you are glad something happened, because there would have been problems if it had not happened//  --It’s a good thing you’re at home. I’ve lost my keys.//  and a good thing/job too  BrE //  --She’s gone, and a good thing too.//\n  50  spoken  that’s/it’s not good enough:  used to say that you are not satisfied with something and that you are annoyed about it//  --It’s just not good enough. I’ve been waiting an hour!//\n  51  spoken  be good and ready:  to be completely ready//  --We’ll go when I’m good and ready and not before.//\n  52  spoken  that’s a good one:  used to tell someone that you do not believe something they have said and think it is a joke or a trick//  --You won $50,000? That’s a good one!//\n  53  spoken  be good for a laugh:   also be a good laugh  BrE to be enjoyable or amusing//  --It’s Hazel’s party tomorrow. Should be good for a laugh.//\n  54  spoken  good old John/Karen etc:  used to praise someone, especially because they have behaved in the way that you expect them to//  --Good old Ed! I knew he wouldn’t let us down.//\n  55  spoken  good grief/God/Lord/heavens/gracious!:  used to express surprise or anger//  --’It’s going to cost us [hA124]500.’ ’Good grief!’//\n  56  spoken  good girl/boy/dog etc:  used to tell a child or animal that they have behaved well or done something well//  --Sit! Good dog.//\n  57  spoken  if you know what’s good for you:  used in a threatening way to tell someone to do something or something bad will happen to them//  --Do as he says, if you know what’s good for you!//\n  58  spoken  would you be good enough to do sth:   also would you be so good as to do sth //   formal used to ask someone very politely to do something//  --Would you be good enough to help me with my bags?//\n  59  spoken  all in good time:   BrE used when someone wants to do something soon but you want to wait a little//  --’When can we open our presents, Mom?’ ’All in good time, Billy.’//\n  60  spoken  have a good one:   AmE used to say goodbye and to wish someone a nice day//\n  61  spoken  be good to go:   AmE  informal to be ready to do something//  --I’ve got my shoes and I’m good to go.//\n  62  spoken  be as good as it gets:   spoken if a situation is as good as it gets, it is not going to improve//  --Enjoy yourself while you can. This is as good as it gets.//\n  63  spoken  it’s all good:   especially AmE  informal used to say that a situation is good or acceptable, or that there is not a problem//  --Don’t worry about it, man - it’s all good.//\n  64  spoken  very good:   BrE  old-fashioned used to tell someone in a position of authority that you will do what they have asked//  --’Tell the men to come in.’ ’Very good, sir.’//\n  65  spoken  (jolly) good show:   BrE  old-fashioned used to say that you approve of something someone has done//  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: good //  very good: excellent,  fantastic,  wonderful,  great,  terrific,  neat (AmE),  superb,  amazing,  outstanding,  brilliant,  impressive,  fine,  first-class,  out of this world //  of good quality: high quality,  top quality,  superior,  deluxe,  classy //  morally good: decent,  virtuous,  respectable,  honourable (BrE) honorable (AmE),  upright,  beyond reproach //  ----------//\ngood 2 n \n  1  no good/not much good/not any good:  a) not useful or suitable//  --One lesson’s not much good - you need five or six.//  --’I could come next week.’ ’That’s no good. I’ll be away.’//  no good/not much good/not any good for//  --The land here isn’t any good for agricultural crops.//  no good/not much good/not any good to//  --You’re no good to me if you can’t drive a car.//  b) of a low standard or level of ability//  --The movie wasn’t much good.//  --Is the new headteacher any good?//  no good at (doing) sth//  --I’m no good at speaking in public.//  c) morally bad//  --Stay away from Jerry - he’s no good.//\n  2  it’s no good (doing sth):  used to say that an action will not achieve what it is intended to achieve//  --It’s no good telling him - he won’t listen.//\n  3  do some good/do sb good:  to have a useful effect//  --She works for a small charity where she feels she can do some good.//  --I’ll talk to him but I don’t think it will do any good.//  --A bit more exercise would do you good.//    do more harm than good at harm1 (1)//\n  4  what’s the good of...?/what good is...?:  used to say that it is not worth doing or having something in a particular situation//  -- What’s the good of buying a boat if you’re too busy to use it?//  -- What good is money when you haven’t any friends?//\n  5  for good:  permanently//  --The injury may keep him out of football for good.//\n  6  for the good of sb/sth:  in order to help someone or improve a situation//  --We must work together for the good of the community.//  --Take the medicine - it’s for your own good !//\n  7 [U] behaviour, attitudes, forces etc that are morally right:  --She is definitely an influence for good on those boys.//  --There’s a lot of good in him, in spite of his rudeness.//  --the struggle between good and evil //    do-gooder//\n  8  be up to no good:   informal to be doing or planning something wrong or dishonest//  --Those guys look like they’re up to no good.//\n  9  the common/general good:   formal the advantage of everyone in society or in a group//  --countries united for the common good//\n  10  be (all) to the good:  used to say that something that happens is good, especially when it is in addition to or as the result of something else//  --If further improvements can be made, that would be all to the good.//\ngood 3 adv  AmE  spoken  informal   well. Many teachers think this is not correct English//  --The business is doing good now.//  --Listen to me good!//


Words: good afternoon
Meaning:
formal   used to say hello when you are greeting someone in the afternoon, especially someone you do not know//    good evening, good morning//


Words: good day
Meaning:
old-fashioned  especially BrE used to say hello or goodbye, especially in the morning or afternoon//  --I must get back. Good day to you .//


Words: good evening
Meaning:
formal   used to say hello when you are greeting someone in the evening, especially someone you do not know//    good afternoon, good morning, good night//


Words: good faith
Meaning:
n [U]   when a person, country etc intends to be honest and sincere and does not intend to deceive anyone//  in good faith//  --The report claimed that the company had acted in good faith .//  sign/show/gesture etc of good faith //  --A ceasefire was declared as a sign of good faith.//


Words: Good Friday
Meaning:
n [U and C]   the Friday before the Christian holiday of Easter, that Christians remember as the day Jesus Christ was crucified//


Words: Good Friday Agreement
Meaning:
an agreement reached in 1998 on Good Friday (the first day of the Christian Easter holiday) between the political parties of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic to end 30 years of violence between Catholic and Protestant groups. The people of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic were then asked to vote on the agreement, and accepted it by a large majority.//


Words: Good Housekeeping
Meaning:
trademark   a monthly magazine which contains articles and pictures about decorating your home, cooking, and fashions for women and children//


Words: good humour
Meaning:
BrE  good humor AmE n [U]   a happy, friendly character or attitude to life//  --At eighty her eyes still sparkled with good humour.//  -- good-humoured adj //  --He was patient and good-humoured.-- good-humouredly adv //


Words: good morning
Meaning:
S2 interjection  formal   used to say hello when you are greeting someone in the morning//    good afternoon, good evening//


Words: good name
Meaning:
n [singular]   the good opinion that people have of someone or something//   reputation//  good name of//  --It threatened to damage the good name of the firm.//


Words: good nature
Meaning:
n [U]   a naturally kind and helpful character or attitude to people//  --He had his father’s good looks and his mother’s good nature.//


Words: good neighbourliness
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   when countries or people try to have friendly and helpful relationships with others that are near them//


Words: good night
Meaning:
S3   used to say goodbye when you are leaving someone or they are leaving at night, or before going to sleep//    good evening//  --Good night. Sleep well.//


Words: good sense
Meaning:
n [U]   the quality someone has when they are able to make sensible decisions about what to do//  --Mrs Booth showed a lot of good sense.//  have the good sense to do sth//  --Mark had the good sense not to argue.//  --It makes good sense  (=is sensible) to do some research before buying.//


Words: good-for-nothing
Meaning:
adj   a good-for-nothing person is lazy and useless//  --an idle good-for-nothing drunk//  -- good-for-nothing n  [C] //  --Ian’s a stupid good-for-nothing.//


Words: good-looking
Meaning:
adj   someone who is good-looking is attractive//  -- good-looker n  [C]  see usage note  beautiful//


Words: goodbye
Meaning:
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: God be with you]//  used when you are leaving someone, or when they are leaving//    hello//  --Goodbye, John, see you tomorrow.//  --I just have to say goodbye to Jane.//  say your goodbyes (=say goodbye to several people or everyone) //  --We said our goodbyes and left.//


Words: goodie
Meaning:
goody/g[hA35E]di/ n [C]    BrE  informal someone in a book or film who is good and does things you approve of//  → baddie//  --the goodies and the baddies//


Words: goodish
Meaning:
adj  BrE  informal \n  1 fairly good but not very good:  --’Is the pay good?’ ’Goodish.’//\n  2  a goodish distance/number etc:  a fairly long way, a fairly large number etc//


Words: goodly
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1  a goodly number/sum/amount etc:   old-fashioned a large amount//  --[hA124]1500 is still a goodly sum.//\n  2  old use pleasant in appearance or good in quality:


Words: Goodman
Meaning:
Benny   (1909-86) a US  jazz musician and band leader who played the  clarinet, and who helped to make  Big Band music popular in the 1930s. He was known as ’The King of Swing’. //


Words: goodness
Meaning:
S2   n [U]   ----------//\n   1 my goodness!/goodness (gracious) me!:\n   2 for goodness’ sake:\n   3 goodness (only) knows:\n   4 being good:\n   5 best part:\n   6 have the goodness to do something:\n   7 out of the goodness of somebody’s heart:  ----------//\n  1  my goodness!/goodness (gracious) me!:   spoken said when you are surprised or sometimes angry//  --My goodness, you have spent a lot!//\n  2  for goodness’ sake:   spoken said when you are annoyed or surprised, especially when telling someone to do something//  --For goodness’ sake stop arguing!//\n  3  goodness (only) knows:   spoken used to emphasize that you are not sure about something, or to make a statement stronger//  --That bar’s been closed for goodness knows how long.//  --Goodness knows, I tried to help him!//\n  4 BEING GOOD:  the quality of being good//  --the desire to see goodness and justice in the world//\n  5 BEST PART:  the part of food which is good for your health//  --All the goodness of an egg is in the yolk.//\n  6  have the goodness to do sth:   old-fashioned  formal used when asking someone to do something in an extremely polite way//  --Please have the goodness to wait.//\n  7  out of the goodness of sb’s heart:  used when someone has done something in order to be kind or helpful to other people//  --He did it out of the goodness of his heart.//


Words: goods
Meaning:
n [plural] \n  1 things that are produced in order to be sold:  electrical/industrial/agricultural etc goods //  --furniture, carpets and other household goods//  --the large market for consumer goods  (=televisions, washing machines etc) //  --Britain’s leading exporter of manufactured goods  (=things that are made not grown) //  --There will be tax increases on a wide range of goods and services .//    dry goods//\n  2 things that someone owns and that can be moved:  --They were charged with handling stolen goods. //  --We collected up our goods and left.//\n  3  BrE things which are carried by road, train etc:   freight//  --a goods train//\n  4  come up with the goods/deliver the goods:   informal to do what is needed or expected//  --He’s a great player. He always comes up with the goods on the day.//\n  5  have/get the goods on sb:   AmE to have or find proof that someone is guilty of a crime//  --Face it, Bukowski, we got the goods on you!//\n  6  damaged goods:  someone whose actions mean that they no longer have a good effect or influence on something//  --After the scandal, he was considered damaged goods by the party.//    worldly goods at worldly(1)//


Words: Goodwill
Meaning:
also Goodwill Industries   a  charity organization in North America that helps people who have difficulty in getting jobs because they are  disabled, cannot read or write, have been in prison etc. It gets money by collecting old clothes, furniture, and electrical equipment, which its members repair and sell in Goodwill shops//  --He looks as if he buys all his clothes from Goodwill.//


Words: goodwill
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 kind feelings towards or between people and a willingness to be helpful:  --A fund was set up as a goodwill gesture to survivors and their families.//  the season of goodwill (=Christmas) //\n  2 the value that a company has because it has a good relationship with its customers:  --The sale price also covers the goodwill of the business.//


Words: Goodwin Sands
Meaning:
the Goodwin Sands//  a dangerous area of sand just under the sea near Dover in the English Channel, where many ships have sunk//


Words: goody
Meaning:
n   plural  goodies  [C usually plural]  informal //\n  1 something that is nice to eat:  --We bought lots of goodies for the picnic.//\n  2 something attractive, pleasant, or desirable:  --The competition gives you the chance to win all sorts of goodies.//\n  3  BrE a goodie:\ngoody 2 interjection   a word used by children to express pleasure or excitement//


Words: goody-goody plural
Meaning:
goody-goodies  also goody-two-shoes  AmE n [C]   someone who tries hard to be very good and helpful in order to please their parents, teachers etc - used especially by children to show disapproval//


Words: gooey
Meaning:
adj   comparative  gooier superlative  gooiest  informal //\n  1 sticky and soft:  --gooey cakes//  --gooey mud//\n  2 showing your love for someone in a way that other people think is silly:   soppy//  --Babies make her go all gooey .//


Words: goof
Meaning:
v  also goof up  [I and T]  informal    especially AmE to make a silly mistake//  --Somebody goofed and entered the wrong amount.//  --The restaurant totally goofed up our reservations.//  goof around phr v//  to spend time doing silly things or not doing very much//  British Equivalent:  mess about//  --We spent the afternoon just goofing around on our bikes.//  goof off phr v//  to waste time or avoid doing any work//  --He’s been goofing off at school.//\ngoof 2 n [C]  informal  especially AmE   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  goff  ’stupid person’ (16-20 centuries), from  French goffe  ’awkward, stupid’]//\n  1  also goof up :  a silly mistake//  --The goof could cost the city $5 million.//\n  2  also goofball :  someone who is silly//


Words: googly
Meaning:
n   plural  googlies  [C] //\n  1 a ball in the game of cricket that is thrown to an opponent so that it looks as if it will go in one direction but goes in the other:\n  2  bowl sb a googly:   BrE  informal to ask someone a question that is intended to trick them//


Words: goolie
Meaning:
gooly/gu[hA359]li/ n [C usually plural]    BrE  informal a rude or humorous word meaning a testicle//


Words: goon
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Partly from  gooney  ’stupid person’ (16-19 centuries); partly from Alice the  Goon, character invented by the U.S. cartoonist E. C. Segar]//\n  1  especially BrE a silly or stupid person:\n  2  especially AmE a violent criminal who is paid to frighten or attack people:


Words: goop
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  goo]//   AmE  informal a thick slightly sticky substance//


Words: goose
Meaning:
n   plural  geese /gi[hA359]s///  [Language: Old English; Origin: gos]//\n  1 :  a)  [C] a bird that is like a duck but is larger and makes loud noises//  b)  [C] a female goose//    gander//\n  2 [U] the cooked meat of this bird:\n  3 [singular]  old-fashioned  informal a silly person:    wild goose chase//    wouldn’t say boo to a goose at boo2 (3)//    kill the goose that lays the golden egg at kill1 (14)//    what’s sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander at sauce(3)//\ngoose 2 v [T]    AmE  informal to touch or press someone on their bottom as a joke//


Words: Goose Green
Meaning:
a place in the Falklands where British soldiers fought with Argentinians in May 1982, and where many soldiers were killed//


Words: goose pimples
Meaning:
also goosebumps   [U]   small raised spots on your skin that you get when you are cold or frightened//


Words: gooseberry
Meaning:
n   plural  gooseberries  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  goose +  berry]//\n  1 a small round green fruit that grows on a bush and has a sour taste:\n  2  be a gooseberry:   also  play gooseberry//   BrE  informal to be with two people who are having a romantic relationship and who want to be alone together//


Words: goosestep
Meaning:
n   the goosestep//  a way of marching by soldiers, in which they lift their legs quite high and do not bend their knees//  -- goosestep v  [I] //


Words: gopher
Meaning:
n [C]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from  Canadian French gaufre  ’honeycomb’]//\n  1 a North and Central American animal like a large rat that lives in holes in the ground:\n  2  also  Gopher:   trademark a computer program that helps people find and use information quickly on the Internet//


Words: Gorbachev
Meaning:
Mikhail   (1931- ) the President of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, who started the process of economic and political change which improved his country’s relationship with the West and resulted in the end of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe//


Words: Gorbals
Meaning:
the Gorbals//  an area of Glasgow in Scotland which was for many years one of the UK’s worst  slums (=an area of old houses in bad condition)  and had high rates of crime and violence//


Words: Gordian knot
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  From a complicated knot tied by  Gordius, king of ancient Phrygia, which Alexander the Great cut through with his sword]//  cut/untie the Gordian knot//  to quickly solve a difficult problem by determined action//  --In recent years, governments have tried to cut the Gordian knot by imposing cuts in state support to the railways.//


Words: Gordimer
Meaning:
Nadine   (1923- ) a South African writer, whose  novels include The Conservationist, which won the Booker Prize, and  July’s People. She won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991.//


Words: Gordon
Meaning:
Flash     Flash Gordon//\n General Charles   (1833-85) a British military leader who fought in the  Crimean War and then in China. He led the British forces in the  siege of  Khartoum, in Sudan, where he was killed by the enemy.//


Words: Gordonstoun
Meaning:
a  public school (=expensive private school)  in the north of Scotland, which is famous because several members of the British royal family have been educated there, and because the pupils live without many comforts.//


Words: gore
Meaning:
v [T usually passive]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from  gore,  gare  ’spear’ (11-14 centuries), from  Old English gar]//  if an animal gores someone, it wounds them with its horns or tusks//  --He was attacked and gored by a bull.//\ngore 2 n   [Language: Old English; Origin: gor  ’dirt’]//  [U]  literary thick dark blood that has flowed from a wound//    gory//  --He likes movies with plenty of blood and gore  (=violence) .//


Words: gorge
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: ’throat’, from  Latin gurges  ’throat, whirlpool’]//\n  1 a deep narrow valley with steep sides:\n  2  feel your gorge rise:   BrE to feel very sick or angry, especially when you see or smell something very unpleasant//\ngorge 2 v \n  1  gorge yourself (on sth):  to eat until you are too full to eat any more//   stuff yourself//  --We gorged ourselves on ripe plums.//\n  2  be gorged with sth:  to be completely full of something//  --The insect sucks until it is gorged with blood.//\ngorge 3 adj  BrE  spoken  informal   extremely beautiful or attractive//


Words: gorgeous
Meaning:
S3   adj  informal   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: gorgias  ’stylish’, perhaps from  gorgias  ’cloth tied around the neck’, from  gorge;   GORGE1]//\n  1 extremely beautiful or attractive:  --’What do you think of my new flatmate?’ ’He’s absolutely gorgeous !’//  --You look gorgeous, Maria. see usage note  beautiful//\n  2 extremely pleasant or enjoyable:   lovely//  --a gorgeous cake//  --The hotel room had a gorgeous view.//  -- gorgeously adv //


Words: gorgon
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  Gorgon:  one of the three sisters in ancient Greek stories who had snakes on their heads that made anyone who looked at them change into stone//\n  2  BrE  informal an ugly frightening woman:


Words: gorilla
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: Gorillai, name of an African tribe of hairy women in old stories]//\n  1 a very large African monkey that is the largest of the apes:\n  2 a man who is very large and who looks as if he might become violent:


Words: Gorky
Meaning:
Maxim   (1868-1936) a Russian writer of  novels and plays. He also wrote important books about other Russian writers and about his own life.//


Words: Gormenghast
Meaning:
(1950) a novel by Mervyn  Peake, full of strange characters and events. Gormenghast is also the name of the castle that belongs to the Earl of Groan in two other books by Peake,  Titus Groan and  Titus Alone//


Words: gormless
Meaning:
adj  BrE  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gaumless  ’lacking understanding’ (18-20 centuries), from  gaum  ’understanding’ (18-19 centuries), from  Old Norse gaumr  ’heed, attention’]//  very stupid//  --a gormless grin//  --a gormless boy//  -- gormlessly adv //


Words: gorse
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gorst]//  a prickly bush with bright yellow flowers, which grows in the countryside in Europe//


Words: gory
Meaning:
adj \n  1  informal clearly describing or showing violence, blood, and killing:  --a gory horror movie//  --gory tales of murder//\n  2  (all) the gory details:  all the details about an unpleasant or interesting event - often used humorously//  --Come on, I want to hear all the gory details.//\n  3  literary covered in blood:


Words: gosh
Meaning:
S2   interjection  informal   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: god]//  used to express surprise//  --Gosh, it’s cold.//


Words: gospel
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: godspel, from  god  ’good’ +  spell  ’story, news’]//\n  1  Gospel [C] one of the four books in the Bible about Christ’s life:  -- the Gospel according to St Luke//\n  2  also  Gospel:   [singular] the life of Christ and the ideas that he taught//  preach/spread the gospel (=tell people about it) //  --Missionaries were sent to preach the Gospel.//  --gospel stories//\n  3 [C usually singular] a set of ideas that someone believes in very strongly and tries to persuade other people to accept:  spread/preach the gospel //  --spreading the gospel of science//\n  4  also gospel truth :   [U] something that is completely true//  --Don’t take everything she says as gospel  (=don’t believe everything she says) .//\n  5  also gospel music :   [U] a type of Christian music in which religious songs are sung very loudly//  --a gospel choir//


Words: gossamer
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: goose +  summer; probably because gossamer appears at a time of year when geese are ready for eating]//\n  1  literary a very light thin material:\n  2 the light silky thread which spiders leave on grass and bushes:


Words: gossip
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: godsibb  ’godparent, close friend’, from  god  ’god’ +  sibb  ’relative’]//\n  1 [U] information that is passed from one person to another about other people’s behaviour and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks:  gossip about//  --Here’s an interesting  piece of gossip  about Mrs Smith. //  -- What’s  the latest gossip ?//  --Do you want to hear some  juicy gossip  ?//  --She had no time for idle gossip .//  --It was common gossip how he felt about her.//  -- You miss a lot of  office gossip  when you have a day off work.//  --On Sundays all the men gather in the square to  exchange local  gossip .//\n  2 [C usually singular] a conversation in which you exchange information with someone about other people’s lives and things that have happened:  --Phil’s in there, having a gossip with Maggie.//\n  3 [C] someone who likes talking about other people’s private lives - used to show disapproval:  --Rick’s a terrible gossip.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  piece of gossip //  the latest gossip //  juicy/hot gossip  (=interesting gossip) //  idle gossip  (=gossip not based on facts) //  common gossip  (=something that everyone knows and is talking about) //  office gossip //  village gossip British English //  exchange gossip (=talk about other people’s private lives with someone) //  ----------//\ngossip 2 v [I]   to talk about other people’s behaviour and private lives, often including remarks that are unkind or untrue//  gossip about//  --The whole town was gossiping about them.//


Words: gossip column
Meaning:
n [C]   a regular article in a newspaper or magazine about the behaviour and private lives of famous people//  -- gossip columnist n  [C] //


Words: gossipy
Meaning:
adj  informal \n  1 a gossipy conversation, letter etc is informal and full of gossip:\n  2 a gossipy person likes to gossip:  --gossipy secretaries//


Words: got
Meaning:
the past tense and a participle of get//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  You cannot say ’I/he/she etc got’ in the present tense. Say you have something or have got something: I’ve got (NOT I got) a new bike. //  ----------//


Words: gotcha
Meaning:
interjection \n  1 a word meaning ’I’ve got you’  used when you catch someone or trick them in some way:\n  2 a word meaning ’I understand’:  --’Yeah, 5 o’clock, gotcha.’//


Words: goth
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: Gota, from  Late Latin Gothi (plural)]//\n  1 [U] a type of slow sad popular music that is played on electric guitars and keyboards:\n  2 [C] someone who likes goth music:  -- goth also gothic //   adj //


Words: Gotham
Meaning:
also Gotham City \n  1 the city where the character  Batman lives in the stories about him:\n  2  AmE an informal name for  New York City:


Words: Gothic
Meaning:
adj \n  1 the Gothic style of building was common in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries and included tall pointed arches and windows and tall pillars:  --a Gothic church//\n  2 a Gothic story, film etc is about frightening things that happen in mysterious old buildings and lonely places, in a style that was popular in the early 19th century:\n  3 Gothic writing, printing etc has thick decorated letters:


Words: gotta
Meaning:
spoken  informal   a short form of ’have got to’, ’has got to’, ’have got a’, or ’has got a’, which most people think is incorrect//  --We gotta go now.//


Words: gotten
Meaning:
AmE the past participle of get//    ill-gotten gains//  ----------//  US/UK DIFFERENCE //  In American English,  gotten  is the usual past participle of  get : I’d gotten an A on the test. |  It has gotten really warm. |  I heard they had gotten divorced. //  gotten  is not used as the past participle for  got to  meaning ’must’. Speakers of American English say  had to  rather than  had got to : We had to be there on time. //  In British English,  gotten  is not used. The past participle of  get  in British English is  got : I had got a letter from my sister in Australia. //  ----------//


Words: gouache
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Italian guazzo  ’small pool’, from  Latin aquatio  ’act of bringing water’]//\n  1 [U] a method of painting using colours that are mixed with water and made thicker with a type of glue:\n  2 [C] a picture painted in this way:


Words: gouge
Meaning:
v [T]   to make a deep hole or cut in the surface of something//  --He took a knife and gouged a hole in the bottom of the boat.//  gouge out [gouge sth → out] phr v//\n  1 to form a hole, space etc by digging into a surface and removing material, or to remove material by digging:  gouge something → out of//  --A rough road had been gouged out of the rock.//  --30,000 tonnes of slate are gouged out of the mountains every week.//\n  2  gouge sb’s eyes out:  to remove someone’s eyes with a pointed weapon//\ngouge 2 n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin gulbia]//  a hole or cut made in something, usually by a sharp tool or weapon//


Words: goulash
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Hungarian; Origin: gulyas]//  a dish of meat cooked in liquid with a hot-tasting pepper, originally from Hungary//


Words: gourd
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: gourde, from  Latin cucurbita]//  a round fruit whose outer shell can be used as a container, or the container made from this fruit//


Words: gourmet
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   producing or relating to very good food and drink//  --a gourmet cook//  --gourmet dinners//\ngourmet 2 n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: from early  French gromet  ’boy servant’ (influenced by  gourmand), from  English groom]//  someone who knows a lot about food and wine and who enjoys good food and wine//


Words: gout
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: goute, from  Latin gutta  ’drop’; because it used to be believed that it was caused by drops of disease in the blood]//  a disease that makes your toes, fingers, and knees swollen and painful//


Words: gov
Meaning:
1  Gov.:  the written abbreviation of governor //\n  2  .gov:  used in Internet addresses for government websites//


Words: govern
Meaning:
W3   v   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: governer, from  Latin gubernare, from  Greek kybernan  ’to control the direction of something’]//\n  1 [I and T] to officially and legally control a country and make all the decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc:   rule//  --the military leaders who govern the country//  --a country governed by a military elite//  --The party had been governing for seven months.//\n  2 [T] if rules, principles etc govern the way a system or situation works, they control how it happens:  --legislation governing the export of live animals//  --The universe is governed by the laws of physics.//


Words: governess
Meaning:
n [C]   a female teacher in the past, who lived with a rich family and taught their children at home//


Words: governing
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [only before noun] having the power and authority to control an organization, country etc:   ruling//  --FIFA is the governing body of world soccer (=the group of people who control it) .//  --The Democrats are now the governing party (=the party in power) in the country.//  --the governing class of ancient Rome//\n  2  governing principle:  a principle that has the most important influence on something//  --Freedom of speech is one of the governing principles in a democracy.//   self-governing//


Words: government
Meaning:
W1S2   n \n  1  also Government :   [C usually singular also + plural verb British English] the group of people who govern a country or state//  --The Government are planning further cuts in public spending.//  --The US government has tightened restrictions on firearms.//  --Neither party had the majority necessary to form a government  (=become the government after an election) .//  democratic/totalitarian etc government //  --The country now has a democratic government for the first time.//  --A coalition government  (=government made up of members of several political parties) will now be established.//  under a government (=during the period of a government) //  --Structural reforms are unlikely under the present government.//  --a meeting with government officials//  --the restructuring of government departments//  --Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.//\n  2 [U] a form or system of government:  --Most people in the country support the return to democratic government.//    local government,  central government//\n  3 [U] the process or way of governing:  in government//  --What would the opposition do if they were in government (=governing the country) ?//  --the importance of good government in developing countries//\n  4 [U]  AmE the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities:  --The protest march was really about big government  (=when the government controls many activities) .//


Words: government health warning
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a notice that must be put on products such as cigarettes, to warn people that they are dangerous to their health//


Words: governmental
Meaning:
adj   of a government, or relating to government//  --an attempt to restrict governmental power//  governmental body (=organization controlled by the government) //


Words: governor
Meaning:
W3  Governor/g[hA356]v[hA368]n[hA353] $ -v[hA353]rn[hA353]r/ n [C] \n  1 :  a) the person in charge of governing a state in the US//  b) the person in charge of governing a country that is under the political control of another country//\n  2  BrE a member of a committee that controls an organization or institution:  --a school governor//  --the hospital’s board of governors //\n  3  BrE the person in charge of an institution:  --the prison governor //  governor of//  --the governor of the central bank//\n  4  BrE a guvnor:


Words: Governor of the Bank of England
Meaning:
the   the head of the Bank of England, who is responsible for important financial decisions, especially for fixing  interest rates in the UK//


Words: Governor-General
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who represents the King or Queen of Britain in other Commonwealth countries which are not republics//  --the Governor-General of Australia//


Words: gown
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: goune, from  Late Latin gunna]//\n  1 a long dress that a woman wears on formal occasions:  wedding/evening/ball gown //  --a white silk wedding gown//\n  2 a long loose piece of clothing worn for special ceremonies by judges, teachers, lawyers, and members of universities:   robe//\n  3 a long loose piece of clothing worn in a hospital by someone doing or having an operation:  --a hospital gown//    dressing gown//


Words: Goya
Meaning:
Francisco de   (1746-1828) a Spanish artist famous especially for his  portraits of members of the royal families of Spain//


Words: GP
Meaning:
BrE  G.P. AmE   n [C]   general practitioner a doctor who is trained in general medicine and treats people in a particular area or town//  --I’ve got an appointment with my GP at five o’clock.//


Words: GPA
Meaning:
n [C]   grade point average the average of a student’s marks over a period of time in the US education system//


Words: GPO
Meaning:
the \n  1 the General Post Office the former name of the organization that controls mail in the UK, now called the  Post Office:\n  2 Government Printing Office a US government organization that prints government documents, maps, books etc, which it gives to national libraries and government offices, and sells to the public at low cost:    HMSO//


Words: GPS
Meaning:
n [U]   Global Positioning System a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show your exact position on the Earth on a special piece of equipment//


Words: GQ
Meaning:
trademark   a monthly magazine for men produced in the UK and the US. It includes men’s fashions and articles about successful men, health etc//


Words: grab
Meaning:
W3S3   v   past tense and past participle  grabbed present participle  grabbing  [T] //  ----------//\n   1 with your hand:\n   2 food/sleep:\n   3 get something for yourself:\n   4 chance/opportunity:\n   5 get attention:\n   6 how does something grab you?:  Phrasal verbs//   grab at/for something//  ----------//  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: Middle Low German grabben]//\n  1 WITH YOUR HAND:  to take hold of someone or something with a sudden or violent movement//   snatch//  --I grabbed my bag and ran off.//  --Two men grabbed her and pushed her to the ground.//  --Kay grabbed hold of my arm to stop herself falling.//  grab sth from sb/sth//  --I managed to grab the gun from Bowen.//\n  2 FOOD/SLEEP:   informal to get some food or sleep quickly because you are busy//   snatch//  --Why don’t you go and grab some sleep?//  --Hang on while I grab a cup of coffee.//  --Let’s grab a bite to eat before we go.//\n  3 GET SOMETHING FOR YOURSELF:  to get something for yourself, sometimes in an unfair way//  --Try to get there early and grab good seats.//  --Bob tried to grab all the profit.//\n  4 CHANCE/OPPORTUNITY:   informal  also grab at sth //  to take an opportunity, accept an invitation etc immediately//  --I think you should grab your chance to travel while you’re young.//  --She grabbed the opportunity to go to America.//  --Melanie grabbed at the invitation to go.//  --This is our chance to grab a slice of this new market.//\n  5 GET ATTENTION:  to get someone’s attention//  --The book is full of good ideas to grab your students’ attention.//  --The plight of the refugees immediately grabbed the headlines  (=was the most important story in the newspapers) .//\n  6  how does sth grab you?:   spoken used to ask someone if they would be interested in doing a particular thing//  --How does the idea of a trip to Spain grab you?//  grab at/for [grab at/for sth] phr v//  to quickly and suddenly put out your hand to try and catch or get something//  --I grabbed at the glass just before it fell.//  --Lucy grabbed for the money.//\ngrab 2 n \n  1  make a grab for/at sth:  to suddenly try to take hold of something//  --As soon as he turned his back, I made a grab for the revolver.//\n  2  be up for grabs:   informal if a job, prize, opportunity etc is up for grabs, it is available for anyone who wants to try to have it//\n  3 [C] the act of getting something quickly, especially in a dishonest way:  --a shameless power grab to eliminate opposition//  --Officials denounced the settlers’ land grab .//


Words: grab bag
Meaning:
n  AmE \n  1 [C] a container filled with small presents that you put your hand in to pick one out:  British Equivalent:  lucky dip//\n  2 [singular] a mixture of different things or styles:  grab bag of//  --The treaty covers a grab bag of issues.//\n  3 [singular]  informal a situation in which things are decided by chance:


Words: Grable
Meaning:
Betty   (1916-73) a US actress who appeared in musical films. She became a pin-up for the soldiers during World War II, and in 1942 her legs were insured for $250,000.//


Words: Grace
Meaning:
W.G.   (1848-1915) an English  cricket player who many people think was the greatest player of the 19th century. He was a very tall, large man with a long thick  beard//


Words: grace
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 way of moving:\n   2 behaviour:\n   3 more time:\n   4 with (a) good/bad grace:\n   5 god’s kindness:\n   6 there but for the grace of God (go I):\n   7 prayer:\n   8 soul:\n   9 Your/His etc Grace:\n  10 the Graces:  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin gratia  ’pleasing quality, kindness’, from  gratus;   GRATEFUL]//\n  1 WAY OF MOVING:   [U] a smooth way of moving that looks natural, relaxed, and attractive//   gracefulness//  --Lena moved with the grace of a dancer.//\n  2 BEHAVIOUR:  a)  [U] polite and pleasant behaviour//  --The hotel maintains traditional standards of elegance, style, and grace.//  have the grace to do sth//  --He didn’t even have the grace to apologize (=he was not polite enough to apologize) .//  b)  graces [plural] the skills needed to behave in a way that is considered polite and socially acceptable//  --Max definitely lacked social graces .//\n  3 MORE TIME:   [U]  also grace period  AmE //  more time that is allowed to someone to finish a piece of work, pay a debt etc//  a day’s/week’s etc grace //  --I got a few days’ grace to finish my essay.//\n  4  with (a) good/bad grace:  in a willing and pleasant way, or an unwilling and angry way//  --Kevin smiled and accepted his defeat with good grace.//  --With typical bad grace, they refused to come to the party.//\n  5 GOD’S KINDNESS:   formal  [U] God’s kindness that is shown to people//  --We are saved by God’s grace.//\n  6  there but for the grace of God (go I):  used to say that you feel lucky not to be in the same bad situation as someone else//\n  7 PRAYER:   [U] a prayer thanking God, said before a meal//  --My father said grace .//\n  8 SOUL:   [U] the state of someone’s soul when it is free from evil, according to Christian belief//  --He died in a state of grace  (=when God has forgiven you for the wrong things you have done) .//\n  9  Your/His etc Grace:  used as a title when talking to or about a duke, duchess, or archbishop//\n  10  the Graces:  three beautiful Greek goddesses who often appear in art//    airs and graces at air1 (9)//    fall from grace at fall1 (17)//    saving grace at save1 (14)//\ngrace 2 v [T] \n  1  grace sth/sb with your presence:  to bring honour to an occasion or group of people by coming to something - said humorously when someone comes late or does not often come to meetings etc//  --Ah so you’ve decided to grace us with your presence!//\n  2  formal to make a place or an object look more attractive:  --His portrait graces the wall of the drawing room.//


Words: graceful
Meaning:
adj \n  1 moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form:  --Her movements were graceful and elegant.//  --The branches formed a graceful curve.//\n  2 behaving in a polite and pleasant way:  --Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.//  -- gracefully adv //  --She rose gracefully to her feet and went to the door.//  -- gracefulness n  [U] //


Words: graceless
Meaning:
adj \n  1 not being polite, especially when someone has been kind to you:  --He was bad-tempered and graceless in defeat.//\n  2 moving or doing something in a way that seems awkward:  → graceful//  --The soldiers were graceless with their heavy packs and helmets.//\n  3 something that is graceless is unattractive and unpleasant to look at:  → graceful//  --graceless architecture//  -- gracelessly adv //


Words: Graces
Meaning:
The  also The Three Graces   in Greek and Roman  mythology, the three goddesses of  charm and beauty who are often shown in art//


Words: gracious
Meaning:
adj \n  1 behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank:  --Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.//  --a gracious apology//\n  2 having the kind of expensive style, comfort, and beauty that only rich people can afford:  --a gracious manor house//  --a magazine about gracious living //\n  3  gracious (me)!/good gracious!/goodness gracious!:   old-fashioned used to express surprise or to emphasize ’yes’ or ’no’//  --Good gracious! What on earth has happened to your feet?//  --’Did you ever go back?’ ’Good gracious, no.’//\n  4 a gracious act by or gift from God is kind and forgiving:\n  5 [only before noun] used as a polite way of describing a royal person:  --our gracious Queen//  -- graciously adv //  -- graciousness n  [U] //


Words: gradable
Meaning:
adj   an adjective which is gradable can be used in the comparative or superlative forms, or with words such as ’very’ or ’fairly’//  -- gradability/gre[hA366]d[hA353]b[hA366]l[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: gradation
Meaning:
n [C]    formal a small change or difference between points on a scale//  --There are many gradations of colour between light and dark blue.//


Words: grade
Meaning:
W3S3   n [C]   ----------//\n   1 standard:\n   2 rank:\n   3 mark in school:\n   4 make the grade:\n   5 school year:\n   6 slope:  ----------//  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin gradus  ’step, degree’]//\n  1 STANDARD:  a particular level of quality that a product, material etc has//  --The best grades of tea are expensive.//  --industrial grade diamonds//  high/low grade //  --low grade products//\n  2 RANK:  a particular level of job//  --There are lots of jobs in junior grades.//\n  3 MARK IN SCHOOL:  a mark that a student is given for their work or for an examination//  --He got a grade A in maths.//  --Tim worked hard and got good grades.//\n  4  make the grade:  to succeed or reach the necessary standard//  --What does it take to make the grade as a top golfer?//\n  5 SCHOOL YEAR:  one of the 12 years that students are at school in the American school system, or the students in a particular year//  second/eleventh etc grade //  --My brother is in the sixth grade.//  --a fifth-grade teacher//\n  6 SLOPE:   AmE a slope or a degree of slope, especially in a road or railway//  British Equivalent:  gradient//\ngrade 2 v [T] \n  1 to say what level of a quality something has, or what standard it is:  grade sth according to sth//  --Pencils are graded according to softness.//  --All the parks are regularly checked and graded by tourist board inspectors.//\n  2  especially AmE to give a mark to an examination paper or to a piece of school work:   mark//  --Ted is grading papers in his office.//\n  3 to give a particular rank and level of pay to a job:


Words: grade crossing
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a place where a road and railway cross each other, usually with gates that shut the road while the train passes//  British Equivalent:  level crossing//


Words: Gradgrind
Meaning:
Mr   one of the main characters in the book  Hard Times by Charles  Dickens. Gradgrind is only concerned with facts, and does not consider the importance of love or imagination, especially when educating and caring for his children.//


Words: gradient
Meaning:
n [C]   a slope or a degree of slope, especially in a road or railway//  American Equivalent:  grade//  --a steep gradient//


Words: gradual
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: gradualis, from  Latin gradus;   GRADE1]//\n  1 happening slowly over a long period of time:  → sudden//  --There has been a gradual change in climate.//  --the gradual decline in manufacturing industry//  --Education is a gradual process.//\n  2 a gradual slope is not steep:


Words: gradually
Meaning:
W3S2   adv   slowly, over a long period of time//  → suddenly//  --Jill gradually became aware of an awful smell.//  --Gradually, my ankle got better.//


Words: graduate
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: graduatus, from  Latin gradus;   GRADE1]//\n  1 someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree:    undergraduate//  --a Harvard graduate//  graduate of//  --a graduate of Edinburgh University//  --university graduates//  --a history graduate//  graduate in//  --He’s a graduate in philosophy.//\n  2  AmE someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc:  --a high-school graduate //\ngraduate 2   v \n  1 [I] to obtain a degree, especially a first degree, from a college or university:  graduate from//  --Kate graduated from medical school last year.//  graduate in//  --He graduated in physics from Cambridge University.//\n  2 [I]  AmE to complete your education at high school:  graduate from//  --Jerry graduated from high school last year.//\n  3  graduate (from sth) to sth:  to start doing something that is bigger, better, or more important//  --As an actress she has graduated from small roles to more substantial parts.//\n  4 [T]  especially AmE to give a degree or diploma to someone who has completed a course:\ngraduate 3   adj   [only before noun]  especially AmE relating to or involved in studies done at a university after completing a first degree//  British Equivalent:  postgraduate//  --a graduate student//


Words: graduate school
Meaning:
n [U and C]    AmE a college or university where you can study for a master’s degree or a doctorate after receiving your first degree, or the period of time when you study for these degrees//


Words: graduated
Meaning:
adj \n  1 divided into different levels:  --graduated rates of taxation//\n  2 a tool or container that is graduated has small marks on it showing measurements:


Words: graduation
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] the time when you complete a university degree course or your education at an American high school:  --After graduation Neil returned to Ohio.//  --On graduation (=after completing a first degree) , Nancy became an art teacher.//\n  2 [U] a ceremony at which you receive a university degree or a diploma from an American high school:  --graduation day//\n  3 [C] a mark on an instrument or container used for measuring:


Words: graffiti
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Italian; Origin: graffiare  ’to make marks in a surface’]//  rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings, trains etc//  --The walls are daubed with graffiti.//


Words: graft
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: graff  ’graft’ (14-19 centuries), from  Old French grafe  ’pencil, graft’, from  Greek graphein  ’to write’; because a plant graft looks like a pencil]//\n  1 [C] a piece of healthy skin or bone taken from someone’s body and put in or on another part of their body that has been damaged:  --Martha had to have several skin grafts .//\n  2 [C] a piece cut from one plant and tied to or put inside a cut in another, so that it grows there:\n  3 [U]  informal  especially BrE hard work:  --Our success has been due to sheer hard graft .//\n  4 [U]  especially AmE the practice of obtaining money or advantage by the dishonest use of influence or power:  --He promised to end graft in public life.//\ngraft 2 v \n  1 [T] to remove a piece of skin, bone etc from part of someone’s body and put it onto or into a part of their body that has been damaged:  graft sth onto/to sth//  --The technique involves grafting a very thin slice of bone onto the damaged knee.//\n  2 [T + on/onto] to join a part of a plant or tree onto another plant or tree:\n  3 [T] to add something very different to something, so that it becomes part of it:  graft sth onto sth//  --New elements are being grafted onto our traditional form of government.//  graft sth on//  --It is a seventeenth century farmhouse with some Victorian additions grafted on.//\n  4 [I]  informal  especially BrE to work hard:  graft off [graft off sb] phr v//  to get money or advantages from someone by the dishonest use of influence, especially political influence//


Words: Graham
Meaning:
Martha   (1894-1991) a US dancer and  choreographer (=someone who decides what movements dancers will do during a performance) , who had an important influence on the development of  modern dance//


Words: Grahame
Meaning:
Kenneth   (1859-1932) a British writer whose most famous work is his book for children  The Wind in the Willows//


Words: Grail
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grael, from  Medieval Latin gradalis  ’dish’]//    Holy Grail//


Words: grain
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 food:\n   2 lines in wood etc:\n   3 small piece:\n   4 a grain of something:\n   5 against the grain:\n   6 measure:  ----------//  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin granum  ’seed’]//\n  1 FOOD:  a)  [U] the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves//  --big sacks of grain//  --Last year’s grain harvest was the biggest ever.//  b)  [C] a single seed of corn, wheat etc//  --grains of rice//\n  2 LINES IN WOOD ETC:   [singular] the natural lines you can see in a substance such as wood, which are the result of its structure//  along the grain//   (=in the same direction as the grain) //  --Cut along the grain of the wood.//  across the grain//   (=at 90 degrees to the grain) //\n  3 SMALL PIECE:   [C] a single very small piece of a substance such as sand or salt//  grain of//  --a grain of sand//  --There were crumbs and grains of sugar on the table.//\n  4  a grain of sth:  a very small amount of something//  --The story was so silly it wouldn’t have fooled anyone with a grain of sense.//  --There is a grain of truth in all folklore and legend.//\n  5  against the grain:  if something goes against the grain, it is not what you would naturally or normally do//  --Mary is always honest and it went against the grain to tell lies.//\n  6 MEASURE:   [C] the smallest unit for measuring weight, equal to about 0.06 grams. It is used for weighing medicines//    take sth with a pinch/grain of salt at salt1 (3)//


Words: gram
Meaning:
S3  also  gramme BrE   n [C]  written abbreviation g  or gm   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: gramme, from  Greek gramma  ’letter, writing, small weight’, from  graphein  ’to write’]//  the basic unit for measuring weight in the metric system//


Words: grammar
Meaning:
W3S3   n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gramaire, from  Latin grammatica, from  Greek grammatikos  ’of letters’, from  gramma;   GRAM]//\n  1 [U] the rules by which words change their forms and are combined into sentences, or the study or use of these rules:  --Check your spelling and grammar.//  --the rules of English grammar//\n  2 [C] a particular description of grammar or a book that describes grammar rules:  --A dictionary lists the words, a grammar states the rules.//


Words: grammar school
Meaning:
n [U and C] \n  1 a school in Britain for children over the age of 11 who have to pass a special examination to go there:    comprehensive school//\n  2  AmE  old-fashioned an elementary school:


Words: grammatical
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [only before noun] concerning grammar:  --grammatical rules//\n  2 correct according to the rules of grammar:  → ungrammatical//  -- grammatically/-kli/ adv //


Words: Grammy
Meaning:
n [C]   an  award given by the US National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences for special achievement in the record industry//


Words: gramophone
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: phonogram  ’gramophone’ (19-20 centuries), from  phono- +  -gram]//   old-fashioned a record player//


Words: Grampians
Meaning:
the  also the Grampian Mountains   a line of mountains that stretches across Scotland and divides the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland. Its highest mountain is Ben Nevis//


Words: Gran Canaria
Meaning:
also Grand Canary   an island in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of northwest Africa, which is one of the  Canary Islands//


Words: Granary
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  trademark  BrE   Granary bread is bread which contains whole grains of wheat//


Words: granary
Meaning:
n   plural  granaries  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: granarium, from  granum;   GRAIN]//  a place where grain, especially wheat, is stored//


Words: grand
Meaning:
W3S2   adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: ’large, great’, from  Latin grandis]//\n  1 big and very impressive:  → humble//  --a grand country house//  --The party was a grand affair.//  --New Yorkers build on a grand scale.//\n  2 aiming or intended to achieve something impressive:  --Henry Luce had a grand design for America’s future.//  --The company’s grand ambition was to become the first and biggest global airline.//\n  3 important and rich:  --He looked very grand in his ceremonial uniform.//  --the grand end of West Avenue//\n  4  Grand:  a) used in the titles of buildings or places that are big and impressive//  --the Grand Hotel//  --Grand Central Station//  b) used in the titles of some people who belong to the highest social class//  --the Grand Duke of Baden//\n  5  informal excellent:  --We all had a grand time.//  --Thank you, Shirley, that’s grand.//\n  6  a grand total:  the final total you get when you add up several numbers or amounts//  a grand total of//  --You could add the [hA124]15,000 Bonus to the First Prize and win a grand total of [hA124]125,000!//\n  7  grand (old) age:  an age when someone is quite old//  --She had reached the grand old age of 80.//\n  8  the Grand Old Man of sth:  a man who has been involved in an activity or a profession for a long time and is highly respected//  --the Grand Old Man of British theatre//  -- grandly adv //  --’I am training her to cook for royalty,’ Auguste said grandly.//\ngrand 2 n [C]  informal \n  1 :  plural  grand a thousand pounds or dollars//  --The car cost him fifteen grand.//\n  2 a grand piano:


Words: Grand Canal
Meaning:
the Grand Canal//  a) a  canal (=an artificial river)  in Venice, Italy, which is the main way through the city and has many famous buildings along its sides//  b) the longest canal in China. Part of it, connecting the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, was built in the 5th century BC.//


Words: Grand Canyon
Meaning:
the Grand Canyon//  a very large, deep  gorge (=a steep-sided valley cut by a river)  in the US state of Arizona//


Words: Grand Central Station
Meaning:
the main railway station in New York City. Grand Central Station is a very busy place, and in the US people often mention it humorously to say how busy another place is//  --Our house was like Grand Central Station last night! //


Words: grand jury
Meaning:
n [C]    law a group of people in the US who decide whether someone charged with a crime should be judged in a court of law//  -- grand juror n  [C] //


Words: grand mal
Meaning:
n [U]  technical   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: ’great illness’]//  a serious form of epilepsy//    petit mal//


Words: Grand National
Meaning:
the   a horse race that takes place every year at the Aintree race course near Liverpool, England. Many people who are not usually interested in horse racing  bet money on the horse they think will win the Grand National.//


Words: Grand Old Duke of York
Meaning:
the   a character in a British  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for children)  The rhyme goes: Oh the Grand Old Duke of York/ He had ten thousand men,/ He marched them up to the top of the hill/ And he marched them down again.//


Words: Grand Ole Opry
Meaning:
the   a centre for  country and western music in Nashville, Tennessee, known especially for the radio and television broadcasts made there for many years. In 1974, it moved to Opryland USA near Nashville, and it is still an important centre for country and western music.//


Words: grand piano
Meaning:
also grand  n [C]   the type of large piano often used in concerts, with strings in a horizontal position//    upright piano//


Words: Grand Prix
Meaning:
n   plural  Grands Prix /-pri[hA359], -pri[hA359]z/ [C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: ’great prize’]//  one of a set of international races, especially a car race//


Words: Grand Slam
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a Grand Slam sports event is one of the set of most important competitions in a particular sport//  --She won three Grand Slam titles.//


Words: grand slam
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  also  Grand Slam:  the winning of all of a set of important sports competitions in the same year//  --Wales won the Grand Slam.//\n  2 a hit in baseball which gets four points because it is a home run and there are players on all the bases:\n  3 the winning of all of the tricks possible in one game of cards, especially in bridge:


Words: grand tour
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  the grand tour:  a trip round Europe made in the past by young British or American people from rich families as part of their education//\n  2 an occasion when someone takes you around a building to show it to you - used humorously:  --They took us on a grand tour of their new house.//


Words: Grand Union Canal
Meaning:
the Grand Union Canal//  a  canal (=an artificial river made for boats to travel on)  opened in 1801, connecting London with the English  Midlands//


Words: grandaddy
Meaning:
granddaddy/gr[zB024]nd[zB024]di/ n   plural  grandaddies  [C]  AmE  informal //\n  1 grandfather:\n  2  the grandaddy of sth:  the first or greatest example of something//  --Louis Armstrong, the grandaddy of all jazz trumpeters//


Words: grandchild
Meaning:
S3   n   plural  grandchildren /-t[hA35D][hA366]ldr[hA353]n/ [C] //  the child of your son or daughter//


Words: grandee
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Spanish; Origin: grande, from  Latin grandis;   GRAND1]//\n  1 a politician of the highest social class who has a lot of influence:\n  2 a Spanish or Portuguese nobleman of the highest rank, in the past:


Words: grandeur
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: grand;   GRAND1]//  impressive beauty, power, or size//  --the grandeur of the mountains//    delusions of grandeur at delusion(2)//


Words: grandiloquent
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: grandiloquus, from  grandis (  GRAND1) +  loqui  ’to speak’]//  using words that are too long and formal in order to sound important//   pompous//  -- grandiloquence n  [U] //


Words: grandiose
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Italian grandioso, from  Latin grandis;   GRAND1]//  grandiose plans sound very important or impressive, but are not practical//  grandiose scheme/plan/idea etc //  --grandiose schemes of urban renewal//


Words: Grandma Moses
Meaning:
(1860-1961) a US artist who did not begin painting until she was almost 70 years old. Her paintings of life in the American countryside are in the  primitive style (=they are very simple, and made to look like children’s paintings) .//


Words: grandparent
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]   one of the parents of your mother or father//  --My grandparents live in Sussex.//


Words: grandstand
Meaning:
n [C]   a large structure that has many rows of seats where people sit and watch sports competitions, games, or races//


Words: grandstanding
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE   an action that is intended to make people notice and admire you//  --His opening the new school is just a piece of political grandstanding.//


Words: grange
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: Latin granum;   GRAIN]//  a large country house with farm buildings//


Words: granite
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: granito, from  Latin granum;   GRAIN]//  a very hard grey rock, often used in building//\ngranny 1 S3  grannie/gr[zB024]ni/ n   plural  grannies  [C]  informal //  [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: grandam  ’grandmother’ (13-19 centuries)]//  grandmother//\ngranny 2  grannie adj [only before noun]  BrE   of a style typically used by old women//  --granny shoes//


Words: granny flat
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a separate place inside or next to someone’s house that is designed for an old relative to live in//


Words: granola
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Granola, a trademark]//  breakfast food made from mixed nuts, grains, and seeds//


Words: Grant
Meaning:
Cary   (1904-86) a US film actor, who was born in the UK. He is known for being very good-looking and for appearing as characters who are confident, amusing and relaxed, in humorous films such as  Bringing Up Baby (1938),  His Girl Friday (1940), and  The Philadephia Story (1940).//\n Ulysses S.   (1822-85) a US army leader who commanded the army of the Union (=the northern US states) during the American  Civil War. His military victories, especially the one at Appomattox against General Robert E.  Lee, helped the Union to win the war. He was US President from 1869 to 1877.//


Words: grant
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: creanter,  graanter, from  Latin credere  ’to believe’]//\n  1  formal to give someone something or allow them to have something that they have asked for:  --Britain could grant Spain’s request .//  --I would love to be able to grant her wish.//  grant sb sth//  --The council have granted him permission to build on the site.//  grant sth to sb//  --A licence to sell alcohol was granted to the club.//  grant that//   (=used in prayers) //  --Grant that we may know your presence and love.//\n  2 to admit that something is true although it does not make much difference to your opinion:    concede//  --He’s got talent, I grant you , but he doesn’t work hard enough.//\n  3  take it for granted (that):  to believe that something is true without making sure//  --He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam.//\n  4  take sb/sth for granted:  to expect that someone or something will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are//  --Bridget was careful not to take him for granted.//\ngrant 2 n [C]   an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government, for a particular purpose//  --The university gets a government grant.//  --Anyone wishing to apply for a grant should write to the Treasurer.//  grant of//  --a grant of [hA124]50,000//  grant from//  --These studios are funded by a grant from the Kress Foundation.//


Words: grant-maintained
Meaning:
adj   a grant-maintained school in Britain receives its money directly from the central government rather than from the local government//


Words: granted
Meaning:
adv [sentence adverb]   used when you admit that something is true//  --Granted, the music is not perfect, but the flaws are outweighed by the sheer joy of the piece.//


Words: granule
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: granulum  ’small seed’, from  Latin granum;   GRAIN]//  a small hard piece of something//  --coffee granules//


Words: grape
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: crape,  grape  ’hook, bunch of grapes’]//  one of a number of small round green or purple fruits that grow together on a vine. Grapes are often used for making wine//  --a bunch of grapes //  --grape juice//


Words: grapefruit
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Because it grows in bunches, like grapes]//  a round yellow citrus fruit with a thick skin, like a large orange//


Words: Grapes of Wrath
Meaning:
The   (1939) a novel by John  Steinbeck which describes how a family called Joad have to leave their farm in the  Dust Bowl in the US state of Oklahoma during the  Great Depression of the 1930s, and the difficulties they have in moving to California and trying to work on farms there//


Words: grapevine
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  hear sth on the grapevine:  to hear about something because the information has been passed from one person to another in conversation//  --I heard about his resignation on the grapevine.//\n  2 a climbing plant on which grapes grow:   vine//


Words: graph
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: graphic formula]//  a drawing that uses a line or lines to show how two or more sets of measurements are related to each other//    chart//  --Martin showed me a graph of their recent sales.//


Words: graphic
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: graphicus, from  Greek graphikos, from  graphein;   -GRAPHY]//\n  1 a graphic account or description of an event is very clear and gives a lot of details, especially unpleasant ones:   vivid//  --a graphic account of her unhappy childhood//  --His illness is described in graphic detail .//\n  2 [only before noun] connected with or including drawing, printing, or designing:  --a graphic artist//  --the graphic arts//


Words: graphic design
Meaning:
n [U]   the art of combining pictures, words, and decoration in the production of books, magazines etc//  -- graphic designer n  [C] //


Words: graphical
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   relating to or containing graphics, especially on a computer//  --a simple graphical representation of the problem//


Words: graphical user interface
Meaning:
n [C]   GUI a way of showing and organizing information on a computer screen that is easy to use and understand//


Words: graphically
Meaning:
adv \n  1 if you describe something graphically, you describe it very clearly with a lot of detail:   vividly//\n  2  formal using a graph:  --statistics represented graphically//


Words: graphics
Meaning:
n [plural]   pictures or images that are designed to represent objects or facts, especially in a computer program//


Words: graphics card
Meaning:
also graphics adapter  n [C]   a circuit board that connects to a computer and allows the computer to show images, such as video images, on its screen//


Words: graphite
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: German; Origin: graphit, from  Greek graphein (  -GRAPHY); because it is used in pencils]//  a soft black substance that is a kind of  carbon, used in pencils, paints, and electrical equipment//


Words: graphology
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: graphologie, from  Greek graphein;   -GRAPHY]//  the study of handwriting in order to understand people’s characters//  -- graphologist n  [C] //


Words: grapple
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grappelle, from  grape;   GRAPE]//  to fight or struggle with someone, holding them tightly//   wrestle//  grapple with//  --Two men grappled with a guard at the door.//  grapple with [grapple with sth] phr v//  to try hard to deal with or understand something difficult//  --The Government has to grapple with the problem of unemployment.//  --Molly’s upstairs grappling with her maths homework.//


Words: grappling iron
Meaning:
also grappling hook  n [C]   an iron tool with several hooks that you tie to a rope and use to hold a boat still, look for objects on the bottom of a river etc//


Words: Grasmere
Meaning:
a lake and village in the  Lake District in northwest England. The poet William  Wordsworth lived there from 1799 to 1808, and many tourists visit his home, Dove Cottage.//


Words: grasp
Meaning:
v [T] \n  1 to take and hold something firmly:   grip//  --I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.//  --Alan grasped the handle and pulled it.//\n  2 [not in progressive] to completely understand a fact or an idea, especially a complicated one:  --At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.//  --Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to grasp.//  grasp what/how etc//  --A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly grasp what the article is about.//  grasp that//  --Nick had grasped that something was wrong.//\n  3  grasp an opportunity:  to eagerly and quickly use an opportunity to do something//  --She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business.//\n  4  grasp the nettle:   BrE to deal with an unpleasant situation firmly and without delay//  --We need to grasp the nettle of prison reform.//  grasp at [grasp at sth] phr v//  to try to hold on to something//  --His foot slipped and he grasped at the top of the wall.//\ngrasp 2 n [singular] \n  1 the way you hold something or your ability to hold it:   grip//  --Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate.//  --He had allowed the ball to slip from his grasp.//\n  2 your ability to understand a complicated idea, situation, or subject:   understanding//  grasp of//  --Her grasp of the issues was impressive.//  a good/firm/thorough etc grasp of sth //  --Steve has a good grasp of the European legal system.//  grasp on//  --After two months, his grasp on the subject was improving.//\n  3 your ability to achieve or gain something:  within sb’s grasp//  --An agreement to end the war seemed within their grasp.//  beyond sb’s grasp//  --Many families with children are finding suitable housing beyond their grasp.//\n  4  literary control or power:  --The king was determined not to let Scotland slip from his grasp.//


Words: grasping
Meaning:
adj   too eager to get money and unwilling to give any of it away or spend it//  --Hanson was a hard, grasping man.//


Words: Grass
Meaning:
Gunter   (1927- ) a German writer of novels and plays with strong moral ideas. His best known works include The Tin Drum and The Flounder.//


Words: grass
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 in fields and gardens:\n   2 the grass:\n   3 drug:\n   4 criminal:\n   5 the grass is greener (on the other side):\n   6 not let the grass grow under your feet:\n   7 put somebody out to grass:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gr[zB024]s]//\n  1 IN FIELDS AND GARDENS:  a)  [U] a very common plant with thin leaves that covers the ground in fields and gardens and is often eaten by animals//  --She enjoyed the feel of grass beneath her feet.//  --a blade of grass  (=single leaf) //  b)  [C] a particular kind of grass//  --All grasses need light to grow well.//\n  2  the grass:  an area of grass, especially an area where the grass is kept cut short//  --I walked across the grass.//  --Keep off the grass.//\n  3 DRUG:   [U]  informal  marijuana//\n  4 CRIMINAL:   [C]  BrE  informal someone, usually a criminal, who gives information about other criminals to the police - used to show disapproval//   informer//  American Equivalent:  stoolpigeon//    supergrass//\n  5  the grass is greener (on the other side):  used to say that other places or situations seem better than yours, although they may not really be better//\n  6  not let the grass grow under your feet:  to not waste time or delay starting something//\n  7  put sb out to grass:   informal to make someone leave their job because they are too old to do it effectively//    grass roots//    snake in the grass at snake1 (2)//\ngrass 2 v [I]    also grass sb up //   BrE  informal to tell the police about a criminal’s activities//  grass on//  --Burton grassed on other prisoners.//  grass over [grass sth → over] phr v//  to cover land with grass//


Words: grass roots
Meaning:
n   the grass roots//  the ordinary people in an organization, rather than the leaders//  -- grass roots adj //  --We are hoping for full participation at grass roots level.//


Words: grate
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: crata,  grata  ’something made of woven sticks’, from  Latin cratis;   CRATE1]//  the metal bars and frame that hold the wood, coal etc in a fireplace//\ngrate 2 v   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grater  ’to make marks in a surface’]//\n  1 [T] to rub cheese, vegetables etc against a rough or sharp surface in order to break them into small pieces:  --grated cheese//  --Peel and grate the potatoes.//\n  2 [T]  written to talk in a low rough voice:    hiss//  --’Let me go,’ he grated harshly.//\n  3 [I] to annoy someone:  grate on//  --Mr Fen had a loud voice that grated on her ears.//\n  4 [I and T] to make an unpleasant sound by rubbing, or to make something do this:  --The stones beneath her shoes grated harshly.//


Words: grateful
Meaning:
W3   adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: grate  ’pleasing, thankful’ (16-17 centuries), from  Latin gratus]//\n  1 feeling that you want to thank someone because of something kind that they have done, or showing this feeling:  → ungrateful//  grateful for//  --I’m so grateful for all your help.//  grateful to//  --I am very grateful to all those who took the trouble to write to me.//  grateful (that)//  --She should be grateful that he was making things easier for her.//  extremely/deeply/eternally etc grateful //  --I am extremely grateful for the assistance your staff have provided.//  --Our grateful thanks go to all who participated.//  --She gave me a grateful look.//\n  2  I would be grateful if you could/would ...:   formal used to make a request//  --I would be most grateful if you could send me an invoice in due course.//  -- gratefully adv //  --All contributions will be gratefully received .//  --The authors gratefully acknowledge your financial support.//


Words: gratify
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gratified present participle  gratifying third person singular  gratifies  [T]  formal //  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gratifier, from  Latin gratificare  ’to make yourself pleasing’, from  gratus;   GRATEFUL]//\n  1 [usually passive] to make someone feel pleased and satisfied:  --He was gratified by Lucy’s response.//  be gratified to see/hear/learn etc //  --John was gratified to see the improvement in his mother’s health since she had come home.//\n  2 to satisfy a desire, need etc:  --She did not propose to gratify Gloria’s curiosity any further.//  -- gratification/gr[zB024]t[hA369]f[hA369]ke[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U and C] //  --sexual gratification//


Words: gratifying
Meaning:
adj   pleasing and satisfying//  it’s gratifying to do sth//  --It’s gratifying to note that already much has been achieved.//  --The support was considerable and very gratifying.//  -- gratifyingly adv //


Words: gratin
Meaning:
n [U and C]   a dish containing vegetables or fish, covered in cheese or cheese sauce and cooked in an oven//


Words: grating
Meaning:
n [C]   a metal frame with bars across it, used to cover a window or hole//  --Leaves clogged the grating over the drain.//\ngrating 2 adj   a grating sound is hard and unpleasant//  --a harsh grating voice//  -- gratingly adv //


Words: gratis
Meaning:
adj, adv   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: ’out of kindness’, from  gratia;   GRACE1]//  done or given without payment//   free//  --Medical advice was provided gratis.//


Words: gratitude
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Latin gratitudo, from  gratus;   GRATEFUL]//  the feeling of being grateful//  → ingratitude//  --Tears of gratitude filled her eyes.//  gratitude to/towards//  --She had a deep gratitude towards David, but she did not love him.//  gratitude for//  --The committee expressed its gratitude for the contribution he had made.//  in gratitude for sth//  --Will you let me take you out to dinner tomorrow in gratitude for what you’ve done?//  with gratitude//  --She accepted his offer with gratitude.//    debt of gratitude at debt(4)//


Words: gratuitous
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: gratuitus, from  gratus;   GRATEFUL]//  said or done without a good reason, in a way that offends someone//   unnecessary//  --children’s books which include gratuitous violence //  -- gratuitously adv //  --There is no point in gratuitously antagonizing people.//


Words: gratuity
Meaning:
n   plural  gratuities  [C]  formal //\n  1 a small gift of money given to someone for a service they provided:   tip//\n  2  especially BrE a large gift of money given to someone when they leave their job, especially in the army, navy etc:


Words: grave
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gr[zB024]f]//\n  1 the place in the ground where a dead body is buried:    tomb//  --At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross.//\n  2  the grave:   literary death//  --He took that secret to the grave.//\n  3  sb would turn in their grave:  used to say that someone who is dead would strongly disapprove of something happening now//  --The way Bill plays that piece would have Mozart turning in his grave.//    dig your own grave at dig1 (8)//    from (the) cradle to (the) grave at cradle1 (3)//    have one foot in the grave at foot1 (24)//    silent as the grave at silent(3)//    a watery grave at watery(4)//\ngrave 2 adj \n  1 grave problems, situations, or worries are very great or bad:    serious//  --Matthew’s life is in grave danger .//  --The report expressed grave concern over the technicians’ lack of training.//  --I have grave doubts about his ability.//  --The situation is becoming very grave.//\n  2 looking or sounding quiet and serious, especially because something important or worrying has happened:   sombre//  --Turnbull’s face was grave as he told them about the accident.//  -- gravely adv //  --Adam nodded gravely.//  --We are gravely concerned (=very concerned) about these developments.//    gravity//\ngrave 3   adj   a grave accent is a mark put above a letter in some languages such as French to show the pronunciation, for example [hA169]//    acute, circumflex//


Words: gravel
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: grave  ’stony ground’]//  small stones, used to make a surface for paths, roads etc//  --a gravel path//  gravel pit (=a place where gravel is dug out of the ground) //


Words: gravelly
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a gravelly voice has a low rough sound:\n  2 covered with or mixed with gravel:  --gravelly soil//


Words: Graves
Meaning:
Robert   (1895-1985) a British poet and writer whose most famous works are his novels set in ancient Roman times, I, Claudius and  Claudius the God, and for his description of his life as a soldier in World War I,  Goodbye to All That//


Words: graveside
Meaning:
n   at the graveside//  beside a grave, especially when someone is being buried there//  -- graveside adj  [only before noun] //


Words: graveyard
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 an area of ground where people are buried, often next to a church:    cemetery, churchyard//\n  2 a place where things that are no longer wanted are left:  --a graveyard for old cars//\n  3 a place where people or things fail:


Words: graveyard shift
Meaning:
n [C]  especially AmE   a regular period of working time that begins late at night and continues until the early morning, or the people who work during this time//


Words: gravitate
Meaning:
preposition]    formal to be attracted to something and therefore move towards it or become involved with it//  gravitate to/towards//  --Most visitors to London gravitate to Piccadilly Circus and Leicester Square.//


Words: gravitation
Meaning:
n [U]    technical the force that causes two objects such as planets to move towards each other because of their mass//    gravity//  --Newton’s law of gravitation//


Words: gravitational
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]  technical   related to or resulting from the force of gravity//  --the Moon’s gravitational field //  --the gravitational pull of the moon//


Words: gravity
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gravite, from  Latin gravitas, from  gravis;   GRAVE1]//\n  1  technical the force that causes something to fall to the ground or to be attracted to another planet:    gravitation//  --the force of gravity //\n  2  formal the extreme and worrying seriousness of a situation:  gravity of//  --I could not hide from her the gravity of the situation.//  --The penalties should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence.//\n  3 an extremely serious way of behaving or speaking:  --The Consul spoke slowly and with great gravity.//    centre of gravity//


Words: gravy
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grave]//\n  1 a sauce made from the juice that comes from meat as it cooks, mixed with flour and water:\n  2  informal  AmE something good that is more than you expected to get:


Words: gravy train
Meaning:
n   the gravy train//   informal an organization, activity, or business from which many people can make money or profit without much effort//  --Privatization is not always the gravy train that governments promise.//


Words: Gray
Meaning:
Dorian   the main character in the novel  The  Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde//\n Thomas   (1716-71) an English poet whose best-known work,  Elegy written in a Country Churchyard, is usually called Gray’s Elegy//


Words: Gray’s Inn
Meaning:
a London organization of law students and  barristers and the buildings they use, which is one of the four  Inns of Court//


Words: graze
Meaning:
v   [Language: Old English; Origin: grasian, from  gr[zB024]s;   GRASS]//\n  1 [I and T] if an animal grazes, or if you graze it, it eats grass that is growing:  graze on//  --Groups of cattle were grazing on the rich grass.//  --fields where they used to graze their sheep//\n  2 [T] to accidentally break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against something:  --I fell on the gravel, severely grazing my knee.//\n  3 [T] to touch something lightly while passing it, sometimes damaging it:  --A bullet grazed his arm.//\n  4 [I]  informal to eat small amounts of food all through the day instead of having regular meals:\ngraze 2 n [C]   a wound caused by rubbing that slightly breaks the surface of your skin//  --Adam walked away from the crash with just a graze on his left shoulder.//  --minor cuts and grazes//


Words: GRE
Meaning:
n [C]  trademark   Graduate Record Examination an examination that is done by students in the US who have completed a first degree and want to go to graduate school//


Words: grease
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: craisse,  graisse, from  Latin crassus  ’thick, fat’]//\n  1 a fatty or oily substance that comes off meat when it is cooked, or off food made using butter or oil:\n  2 a thick oily substance that is put on the moving parts of a car, machine etc to make it run or move smoothly:\n  3 an oily substance that is produced by your skin:    elbow grease at elbow1 (3)//\ngrease 2 v [T] \n  1 to put butter, grease etc on a pan etc to prevent food from sticking to it:  --Grease the pan before you pour the batter in.//  --a greased baking tray//\n  2  grease sb’s palm:  to give someone money in a secret or dishonest way in order to persuade them to do something//  --Joseph was able to grease a few palms, thus helping his brother to escape.//\n  3  like greased lightning:   informal extremely fast//


Words: greaseproof paper
Meaning:
n [U]    BrE a kind of paper that butter, grease, etc cannot pass through, used in cooking and for wrapping food//  American Equivalent:  waxed paper//


Words: greaser
Meaning:
n [C]    old-fashioned a young man who is very interested in motorcycles and cars, and who behaves in a rough way//


Words: greasy
Meaning:
adj \n  1 covered in grease or oil:   oily//  --a shampoo for greasy hair//  --The food was heavy and greasy.//\n  2 slippery:  --Police say the rain’s making the roads greasy.//\n  3 too polite and friendly in a way that seems insincere or unpleasant:   smarmy//  -- greasily adv //  -- greasiness n  [U] //


Words: great
Meaning:
adj   comparative  greater superlative  greatest //  ----------//\n   1 large:\n   2 excellent:\n   3 important:\n   4 generous:\n   5 extremely skilful:\n   6 big:\n   7 doing something a lot:\n   8 great big:\n   9 to a greater or lesser extent:\n  10 be no great shakes:\n  11 be going great guns:\n  12 bad:\n  13 animal/bird/plant etc:\n  14 the great outdoors:\n  15 great minds (think alike):\n  16 the greater good:\n  17 the great and the good:\n  18 the great apes:\n  19 the great divide:\n  20 Greater London/Los Angeles/Manchester etc:\n  21 huge/enormous great:\n  22 Great Scott!/Great Heavens!:\n  23 great with child:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 LARGE:   [usually before noun] very large in amount or degree//  --The movie was a great success.//  --The news came as possibly the greatest shock of my life.//  --The paintings cost a great deal  (=a lot) of money.//  --John always takes great care over his work.//  -- It gives me great pleasure  (=I am very pleased) to introduce tonight’s speaker.//  -- It’s a great pity that none of his poems survive.//  --The temptation was too great to resist. see usage note  big1 //\n  2 EXCELLENT:   especially spoken //  a) very good//   wonderful, fantastic//  --The weather here is great.//  --It’s great to be home.//  --a great day out for all the family//  sound/taste/smell/feel etc great //  --I worked out this morning and I feel great.//  --You look great in that dress.//  great for doing sth//  --Email’s great for keeping in touch.//  the great thing about sb/sth//   (=the very good thing about someone or something) //  --The great thing about Alex is that he’s always willing to explain things to you.//\n  3 IMPORTANT:  a)  [usually before noun] important or having a lot of influence//  --one of the greatest scientific achievements of our time//  --What makes a novel truly great ?//  --great historical events//  b) used in the title of a person or event that was very important in the past//  Peter/Catherine etc the Great //  --I’m reading a biography of Alexander the Great.//  --the Great Depression//  the Great War  old-fashioned  (=World War One) //\n  4 GENEROUS:  very good or generous in a way that people admire//  --a great humanitarian gesture//\n  5 EXTREMELY SKILFUL:  famous for being able to do something extremely well//  --Ali was undoubtedly one of the greatest boxers of all time.//  --a book about the lives of the great composers//\n  6 BIG:   written very big//   huge//  --A great crowd had gathered.//  --A great iron stove filled half the room.//\n  7 DOING SOMETHING A LOT:  used to emphasize that someone does something a lot//  a great talker/reader/admirer etc //  --Anthony’s a great talker - sometimes you just can’t get a word in.//  --Len was a great believer in the power of positive thinking.//  be a great one for doing sth //  --She’s a great one for telling stories about her schooldays.//\n  8  great big:   spoken very big//  --Get your great big feet off my table!//\n  9  to a greater or lesser extent:  used to emphasize that something is always true, even though it is more true or noticeable in some situations than others//  --Most companies operate in conditions that are to a greater or lesser extent competitive.//\n  10  be no great shakes:   informal to not be very good, interesting, or skilful//  --The work’s no great shakes, but at least I’m earning.//\n  11  be going great guns:   informal to be doing something extremely well//  --After a slow start, the Tigers are going great guns.//\n  12 BAD:   spoken  informal used when you are disappointed or annoyed about something//  --’Daniel’s cancelled the party.’ ’Oh great!’//\n  13 ANIMAL/BIRD/PLANT ETC:  used in the names of some animals or plants, especially when they are bigger than other animals or plants of the same type//  --the Great Crested Grebe//\n  14  the great outdoors:   informal the countryside, considered as enjoyable and healthy//  --He had a taste for adventure and the great outdoors.//\n  15  great minds (think alike):   spoken used humorously when you and another person have had the same idea//\n  16  the greater good:  a general advantage that you can only gain by losing or harming something that is considered less important//  --Some wars are fought for the greater good.//\n  17  the great and the good:  people who are considered important - used humorously//\n  18  the great apes:  the different types of animals that are similar to large monkeys, considered as a group//  --Alone of the great apes, the gorilla is not very efficient at using tools.//\n  19  the great divide:  a situation in which there is a big difference between groups in society, areas of a country etc, for example a big difference between their wealth or attitudes//  --The great divide between north and south seems to be as unbridgeable as ever.//\n  20  Greater London/Los Angeles/Manchester etc:  London, Los Angeles etc and its outer areas//\n  21  huge/enormous great:   BrE  spoken used to emphasize how big something is//\n  22  Great Scott!/Great Heavens!:   spoken  old-fashioned used to express shock or surprise//\n  23  great with child:   literary very soon to have a baby//  -- greatness n  [U] //  --a symbol of national greatness//  --She was destined for greatness.//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Big, large, or great? //  ----------//\ngreat 2 n [C usually plural]   a very successful and famous person in a particular sport, profession etc//  --Jack Nicklaus is one of golf’s all-time greats .//  --I think his show’s OK, but I wouldn’t call him one of the greats.//


Words: Great Barrier Reef
Meaning:
the Great Barrier Reef//  the largest  coral reef in the world, off the northeast coast of Australia. It is around 2000 km (1250 miles) long.//


Words: Great Depression
Meaning:
the   the severe economic problems that followed the  Wall Street Crash of 1929. In the early 1930s, many banks and businesses failed, and millions of people lost their jobs in the US and in the UK and the rest of Europe.//


Words: Great Exhibition
Meaning:
the   a large exhibition held in Hyde Park in 1851. It was the idea of Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert, and it was intended to show modern achievements in industry, science, and technology. The exhibition took place in a large glass building called the ’Crystal Palace’.//


Words: Great Expectations
Meaning:
(1861) a novel by Charles  Dickens about a young man called Pip who wants to become rich and successful. He is given money by an unknown person, and as a result he becomes a less nice person, but after several difficult experiences, he finally realizes that he must work hard to make enough money to live well, and he becomes a kind, generous man. //


Words: Great Fire of London
Meaning:
the   a very serious fire that destroyed most of the city of London, including the old St Paul’s Cathedral, in September 1666//


Words: Great Gatsby
Meaning:
The   (1925) a novel by F. Scott  Fitgerald about the relationship between a man called Jay Gatsby and a married woman called Daisy Buchanan. It describes how bored and disappointed people in New York were during the 1920s even though they seemed  glamorous (=rich, exciting, and attractive) and happy.//


Words: Great Lakes
Meaning:
the Great Lakes//  a group of five lakes along the border between the US and Canada. These lakes are Lake  Superior, Lake  Michigan, Lake  Huron, Lake  Erie, and Lake  Ontario. They are connected to form the  St Lawrence Seaway which can be used by large ships.//


Words: Great Leap Forward
Meaning:
the   an attempt by the Chinese government, led by  Mao Zedong, to achieve very rapid industrial development between 1958 and 1960.//


Words: Great Rift Valley
Meaning:
the Great Rift Valley//  a very deep, wide valley which is 3000 miles long and runs across most of East Africa and into southwest Asia//


Words: Great Salt Lake
Meaning:
the Great Salt Lake//  a lake in the US state of Utah which is about 70 miles long and has strong salt water//


Words: Great Seal of the United States
Meaning:
the   the official  seal (=special circle-shaped design)  printed on important documents, used to prove that a document is from the US government. The seal has two sides, and on one side is a picture of a  bald eagle (=the national bird of the US) , and on the other side is a picture of a  pyramid with an eye above it. Both designs are printed on the back of a one-dollar  bill.//


Words: Great Smoky Mountains also the Great Smokies
Meaning:
the Smokies   the Great Smoky Mountains//  a  range of mountains along the border between the US states of North Carolina and Tennessee//


Words: Great Train Robbery
Meaning:
the   an event in 1963 when a group of criminals robbed a British mail train and stole over [hA124]2 million, which at that time was the largest amount of money ever stolen in the UK//


Words: Great Wall of China
Meaning:
the Great Wall of China//  a large strong wall that was built across northern China during the third century  BC to protect the country against enemy armies. It is over 2000 kilometres long.//


Words: Great White Way
Meaning:
the Great White Way//  a  nickname for  Broadway in New York City, which is called this because of the large number of bright lights along it//


Words: great-
Meaning:
prefix \n  1  great-grandfather/great-grandmother/great-aunt/great-uncle:  the  grandfather,  grandmother etc of your parents//\n  2  great-grandchild/great-granddaughter etc:  the grandchildren of your child//


Words: Greater London Authority
Meaning:
the   a group of people who are elected to govern the city of  London. It consists of the  Mayor of London and the 25 members of the  London Assembly. The Authority is responsible for  transport, planning, economic development, environment, the police, the  emergency services,  culture, and health. //


Words: Greater Manchester
Meaning:
a former  county in northwest England, that included the whole of Manchester and parts of other counties//


Words: greatly
Meaning:
W3   adv  formal   extremely or very much//  greatly increased/reduced //  --The cost of repairs has greatly increased in recent years.//  --All offers of help will be greatly appreciated .//  --The quality of health care varies greatly .//


Words: grebe
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: gr[hA169]be]//  a water bird similar to a duck//


Words: Grecian
Meaning:
adj  literary   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: Graecia  ’Greece’]//  from ancient Greece, or having a style or appearance that is considered typical of ancient Greece//  --a Grecian urn//


Words: Greco-
Meaning:
Graeco-/gri[hA359]k[hA353][hA35E], grek[hA353][hA35E] $ -ko[hA35E]/ prefix [in nouns and adjectives]   [Language: Latin; Origin: Graeco-, from  Graecia;   GRECIAN]//  ancient Greek and something else//  --Greco-Roman art//


Words: Greece
Meaning:
a country in southeast Europe on the Mediterranean Sea, which is a member of the EU. Population: 10,624,000 (2001). Capital: Athens.//    greek//


Words: greed
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: greedy]//  a strong desire for more food, money, power, possessions etc than you need//  --people motivated by jealousy and greed//


Words: greedy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  greedier superlative  greediest //  [Language: Old English; Origin: gr[zB024]dig]//  always wanting more food, money, power, possessions etc than you need//  --a greedy and selfish society//  --He looked at the gold with greedy eyes.//  --Have you eaten them all, you greedy pig?//  greedy for//  --They are greedy for profits.//  -- greedily adv //  --He grabbed the bottle and drank greedily.//  -- greediness n  [U] //


Words: Greek
Meaning:
adj   relating to Greece, its people, or its language//  --Greek yoghurt//\nGreek 2 n   [Date: 800-900; Language: Latin; Origin: Graecus, from  Greek Graikos]//\n  1 [C] someone from Greece:\n  2 [U] the language used in modern or ancient Greece:\n  3 [C]  AmE a member of a sorority or fraternity at an American college or university:\n  4  it’s all Greek to me:   informal used to say that you cannot understand something//


Words: Greek Orthodox Church
Meaning:
the   the main group of Christian churches in Eastern Europe and southwest Asia, which was formed in the 11th century by separating from the Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church, the main Christian group in Russia, is closely related.//  -- Greek orthodox adj //  --a Greek Orthodox priest//


Words: green
Meaning:
adj   ----------//\n   1 colour:\n   2 grassy:\n   3 fruit/plant:\n   4 environment:\n   5 without experience:\n   6 ill:\n   7 green with envy:\n   8 the green-eyed monster:\n   9 have green fingers:\n  10 the green stuff:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: grene]//\n  1 COLOUR:  having the colour of grass or leaves//  --beautiful green eyes//  --Raw coffee beans are green in colour.//  dark/light/pale/bright green //  --a dark green dress//    bottle green,  lime green,  olive green at olive(3),  pea green//\n  2 GRASSY:  covered with grass, trees, bushes etc//  --green fields//\n  3 FRUIT/PLANT:  not yet ready to be eaten, or very young//  --The bananas are still green.//  --tiny green shoots of new grass//\n  4 ENVIRONMENT:  a)  also  Green//   [only before noun] connected with the environment or its protection//  --green issues such as the greenhouse effect and global warming//  --He was an early champion of green politics.//  b) harming the environment as little as possible//  --We need to develop greener cleaning products.//\n  5 WITHOUT EXPERIENCE:   informal young and lacking experience//   naive//  --I was pretty green then; I had a lot of things to learn.//\n  6 ILL:   informal looking pale and unhealthy because you are ill//  --George looked a bit green the next morning.//  look green about/around the gills (=look pale and ill) //\n  7  green with envy:  wishing very much that you had something that someone else has//\n  8  the green-eyed monster:   literary  jealousy - often used humorously//\n  9  have green fingers:   BrE have a green thumb  AmE to be good at making plants grow//\n  10  the green stuff:   AmE  informal money//  -- greenness n  [U] //\ngreen 2 W3S2 n \n  1 [U and C] the colour of grass and leaves:  --a room decorated in pale blues and greens//  --different shades of green//\n  2  greens [plural]  informal vegetables with large green leaves:  --Eat your greens.//\n  3 [C] a level area of grass, especially in the middle of a village:  --I walked home across the green.//    village green//\n  4 [C] a smooth flat area of grass around each hole on a golf course:  --the 18th green//\n  5  Green [C] someone who belongs to or supports a political party which thinks the protection of the environment is very important:  --The Greens have 254 candidates in the election.//\ngreen 3 v [T] \n  1 to fill an area with growing plants in order to make it more attractive:  --Existing derelict land is needed for greening the cities.//\n  2 to make a person or organization realize the importance of environmental problems:


Words: green bean
Meaning:
n [C]   a long thin green vegetable which is picked before the beans inside it grow//  British Equivalent:  French bean//


Words: green belt
Meaning:
n [U and C]   an area of land around a city where building is not allowed, in order to protect fields and woods//


Words: Green Berets
Meaning:
the   a special group of soldiers in the US Army who wear green hats. They are officially called the Special Forces, and are trained to fight in difficult conditions. //


Words: green card
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a document that a foreigner must have in order to work legally in the US:\n  2 a British motor insurance document that you need when you drive abroad:


Words: green light
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a traffic light that shows cars they can go forward:\n  2  give sb/sth the green light:  to allow a project, plan etc to begin//  --The government has given the green light to Sunday trading.//


Words: green onion
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   an onion with a small white round part and a long green stem, usually eaten raw//  British Equivalent:  spring onion//


Words: green paper
Meaning:
n [C]   a document produced by the British government containing proposals to be discussed, which may later be used in making laws//    white paper, bill//


Words: Green Party
Meaning:
the   a political party whose main aim is to preserve the environment. There are Green Parties in most countries of western Europe, and their members are often informally called Greens.//


Words: green revolution
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 a large increase in the amount of crops, such as wheat or rice, that are produced because of improved scientific methods of farming:\n  2 the interest in protecting the environment that has developed in many parts of the world:


Words: green room
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Probably because it was originally painted green]//  the green room//  the room in a theatre, television studio etc in which performers wait when they are not on stage performing//


Words: green tea
Meaning:
n [U]   light-coloured tea made from leaves that have been heated with steam, especially popular in eastern Asia//


Words: Greene
Meaning:
Graham   (1904-91) a British writer of novels and plays, one of the most respected British writers of the 20th century. His books include  Brighton Rock and  The Power and the Glory, and the characters in his stories often have to make difficult moral decisions.//


Words: greenfly
Meaning:
n   plural  greenflies  or  greenfly  [C] //  a very small green insect that feeds on and damages young plants//   aphid//


Words: greengrocer
Meaning:
n [C]  especially  BrE \n  1 someone who owns or works in a shop selling fruit and vegetables:\n  2  greengrocer’s:  a greengrocer’s shop//


Words: greenhorn
Meaning:
n [C]  informal  especially AmE   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: greenhorn  ’animal with young horns’ (1400-1500)]//  someone who lacks experience of something//


Words: greenhouse effect
Meaning:
n [singular]   the gradual warming of the air surrounding the Earth as a result of heat being trapped by pollution//    global warming//


Words: greenhouse gas
Meaning:
n [C]   a gas, especially carbon dioxide or methane, that is thought to trap heat above the Earth and cause the greenhouse effect//


Words: greening
Meaning:
n   the greening of sb/sth//  when a person or organization starts to think and know more about environmental problems//


Words: Greenland
Meaning:
a large island in the North Atlantic Ocean, near northeast Canada. Population: 56,352 (2001). Capital: Nuuk. Nearly all of Greenland is covered by ice, and it belongs to Denmark but has its own government.//


Words: Greenpeace
Meaning:
an international organization whose members work actively to protect the environment from damage caused by industrial processes or military activities. It uses its own boats to try to prevent governments from testing nuclear weapons and other sea animals from being killed.//


Words: Greensleeves
Meaning:
an English song from the end of the 16th century, which most people in the UK and US know. Some people believe it was written by King Henry VIII.//


Words: Greenwich
Meaning:
an area of southeast London on the River Thames. The original British Royal  observatory (=a special building from which scientists watch the moon, stars etc)  is there, and the  meridian (=an imaginary line which divides the eastern and western halves of the world)  passes through the grounds of the Observatory.//


Words: Greer
Meaning:
Germaine   (1939- ) an Australian writer, university teacher, and  feminist, whose book  The Female Eunuch (1970) made her an important figure in the  women’s movement//


Words: greet
Meaning:
v [T]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gretan]//\n  1 to say hello to someone or welcome them:  --Belinda greeted her warmly.//  greet sb with sth//  --Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.//\n  2 [usually passive] to react to something in a particular way:  be greeted with/by sth//  --His statement was greeted with cries of astonishment and indignation.//\n  3 to be the first thing you see or hear when you arrive somewhere:  --Complete silence greeted us as we entered the room.//


Words: greeter
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who greets people politely as they enter a place, especially someone who does this as a job//


Words: greeting
Meaning:
n [U and C] \n  1 something you say or do when you meet someone:  in greeting//  --She raised her hand in greeting.//  --I smiled a polite greeting, but the woman hardly acknowledged me.//  --The two cousins exchanged greetings  (=greeted each other) .//\n  2  birthday/Christmas etc greetings:  a message saying that you hope someone will be happy and healthy on their birthday, at Christmas etc//\n  3  greetings!:   old use used to say hello to someone//


Words: greetings card
Meaning:
BrE greeting card  AmE n [C]   a card that you send to someone on their birthday, at Christmas etc//


Words: gregarious
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: gregarius, from  grex  ’group of animals’]//\n  1 friendly and preferring to be with other people:   sociable//  → solitary//\n  2  technical gregarious animals tend to live in a group:  → solitary//  -- gregariously adv //  -- gregariousness n  [U] //


Words: Gregorian calendar
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Because it was introduced by Pope Gregory   XIII]//  the system of arranging the 365 days of the year in months and giving numbers to the years from the birth of Christ, used in the West since 1582//


Words: Gregorian chant
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Because it is said to have been introduced by Pope Gregory I]//  a kind of church music for voices alone//


Words: Gregory XIII
Meaning:
(1502-85)  Pope from 1572 until his death. He is famous for changing the system of calculating the days of the year, by introducing the Gregorian Calendar in 1582//


Words: gremlin
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  Irish Gaelic gruaimin  ’angry little man’; influenced by  goblin]//  an imaginary evil spirit that is blamed for problems in machinery//


Words: Grenada
Meaning:
a country in the Caribbean Sea consisting of the main island of Grenada, in the southern part of the Windward Islands, and some small islands called the Grenadines. It is a member of the British  commonwealth. Population 89,227 (2001).//  -- Grenadian n  adj //


Words: grenade
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: ’pomegranate, grenade’, from  Late Latin granata, from  Latin granum (  GRAIN); because the bomb looks like the fruit]//  a small bomb that can be thrown by hand or fired from a gun//  --a hand grenade//


Words: grenadier
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: ’soldier armed with grenades’, from  grenade;   GRENADE]//  a soldier in a famous regiment of the British army//


Words: grenadine
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: grenade;   GRENADE]//  a sweet liquid made from pomegranates that is used in drinks//


Words: Gretna Green
Meaning:
a village in southern Scotland on the border with England. Until 1940, the marriage laws were less strict in Scotland than in England, and so many young English couples, whose parents did not want them to marry, ran away to get married in Gretna Green.//


Words: Grey
Meaning:
Lady Jane   (1537-54) a woman who was queen of England for 9 days in 1553, before she was put in prison by Mary I, and later killed//


Words: grey
Meaning:
BrE gray  AmE   adj   ----------//\n   1 colour:\n   2 hair:\n   3 face:\n   4 boring:\n   5 weather:\n   6 of old people:\n   7 grey area:  ----------//\n  1 COLOUR:  having the colour of dark clouds, neither black nor white//  --an old lady with grey hair//  --a grey sky//  dark/light grey //  --dark grey trousers//    battleship grey,  iron-grey,  slate grey at slate1 (3)//\n  2 HAIR:  having grey hair//  go/turn grey //  --She was a tall thin woman who had gone grey early.//\n  3 FACE:  looking pale because you are tired, frightened, or ill//  grey with//  --As he listened, his face went grey with shock.//\n  4 BORING:  boring and unattractive//  → colourful//  --the grey anonymous men in government offices//  --visions of a grey and empty world//\n  5 WEATHER:  if the weather is grey, the sky is full of clouds and the sun is not bright//  → bright//  --a grey day//\n  6 OF OLD PEOPLE:   [only before noun]  BrE connected with old people//  --the grey vote//\n  7  grey area:  used to talk about a situation in which something is not clearly a particular thing, so that people are not sure how to deal with it//  --people in the grey area between loyalty and opposition to the government//  -- greyness n  [U] //\ngrey 2 n  BrE  gray AmE   [U and C] the colour of dark clouds, neither black nor white//  --Do you have these skirts in grey?//  --dull greys and browns//\ngrey 3 v  BrE  gray AmE   [I] if someone greys, their hair becomes grey//  --Jim was greying a little at the temples.//  --a full head of greying hair//


Words: grey market
Meaning:
BrE  gray market AmE n [C] \n  1 the system by which people buy and sell goods that are hard to find, in a way that is legal but not morally good or correct:    black market//\n  2  technical a situation in which people are buying and selling shares just before they are officially made available to be sold for the first time:


Words: grey pound
Meaning:
n  BrE   the grey pound//  the money that older people have available to spend, especially after their children have grown up and left home//  --the power of the grey pound//


Words: greyhound
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: grighund]//  a type of thin dog that can run very fast and is used in races//


Words: greying
Meaning:
BrE  graying AmE   n   the greying of sth//  the situation in which the average age of a population increases, so that there are more old people than there were in the past//  --the graying of classical music audiences//


Words: grid
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gridiron]//\n  1 a metal frame with bars across it:    cattle grid//\n  2 a pattern of straight lines that cross each other and form squares:  --Its streets were laid out in a grid pattern.//\n  3 a set of numbered lines printed on a map so that the exact position of any place can be referred to:  --The pilots were just given a grid reference  (=number referring to a point on a map) of the target.//\n  4 the network of electricity supply wires that connects power stations and provides electricity to buildings in an area:  --the national grid  (=the electricity supply in a country) //\n  5  also starting grid :  a set of starting positions for all the cars in a motor race//


Words: grid computing
Meaning:
n [U]   a system of running a computer program using a lot of small computers that are connected together in order to do very complicated jobs//


Words: griddle
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old North French; Origin: gredil, from  Late Latin craticulum, from  Latin cratis;   GRATE1]//  a round iron plate that is used for cooking flat cakes on top of a stove or over a fire//


Words: gridiron
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: griddle +  iron]//\n  1 an open frame of metal bars for cooking meat or fish over a very hot fire:\n  2  AmE a field marked in white lines for American football:


Words: gridlock
Meaning:
n [U]  especially AmE \n  1 a situation in which streets in a city are so full of cars that they cannot move:\n  2 a situation in which nothing can happen, usually because people disagree strongly:  --The battle over spending led to gridlock.//  -- gridlocked adj //


Words: grief
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: gref, from  Latin gravis;   GRAVE1]//\n  1 [U] extreme sadness, especially because someone you love has died:  grief over/at//  --The grief she felt over Helen’s death was almost unbearable.//  with grief//  --Charles was overcome with grief.//\n  2 [C] something that makes you feel extremely sad:  --Every change in our lives brings with it griefs.//\n  3  good grief!:   spoken used when you are slightly surprised or annoyed//  --Good grief! What a mess!//\n  4  come to grief:  to fail, or to be harmed or destroyed in an accident//  --candidates who come to grief in exams//\n  5  give sb grief:   informal to criticize someone in an annoying way//\n  6 [U]  informal trouble or problems:  --You’ll save yourself a lot of grief if you check the measurements first.//


Words: grief-stricken
Meaning:
adj   feeling very sad because of something that has happened//  --The grief-stricken widow refused to leave her dead husband’s side.//


Words: Grieg
Meaning:
Edvard   (1843-1907) a Norwegian  composer whose most famous works are his music for the play  Peer Gynt  and his  Piano Concerto//


Words: grievance
Meaning:
n [U and C]   a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or an unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you//  --anyone who  has a  legitimate  grievance against  the company//  -- a means of overcoming  genuine grievances  //  --There must be an opportunity for both sides to  air  their  grievances . //  --The teachers’ contract established a  grievance procedure  . //  -- the  sense of grievance  which characterized him as a young man//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  have a grievance (against somebody) //  legitimate/genuine grievance  (=when you really have been treated unfairly) //  air your grievances  (=tell people you think you have been treated unfairly) //  nurse a grievance  (=think continuously about the fact that you have been treated unfairly) //  file a grievance American English (=officially complain) //  settle a grievance (=solve one) //  grievance procedure  (=a system for dealing with employees’ grievances) //  sense of grievance  //  ----------//


Words: grieve
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: grever, from  Latin gravare  ’to load heavily’, from  gravis;   GRAVE1]//\n  1 [I and T] to feel extremely sad, especially because someone you love has died:  grieve over/for//  --He died, and every day since then I have grieved for him.//  --People need time to grieve after the death of a loved one.//  --She grieved the loss of her only son.//\n  2 [T] if something grieves you, it makes you feel very unhappy:   upset//  --My aunt, it grieves me to say, gets things confused.//


Words: grieved
Meaning:
adj  literary   very sad and upset//  grieved at//  --King George V had been very grieved at the outbreak of the Great War.//


Words: grievous
Meaning:
adj    formal very serious and causing great pain or suffering//  --The loss of his father was a grievous blow.//  --a grievous shortage of hospital beds//  -- grievously adv //  --He was grievously hurt by their betrayal.//


Words: griffin
Meaning:
gryphon/gr[hA366]f[hA368]n/ n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: grifon, from  Latin gryphus, from  Greek grypos  ’curved’]//  an imaginary animal that has a lion’s body and an eagle’s wings and head//


Words: Griffith
Meaning:
D.W.   (1875-1948) one of the greatest US film  directors, famous especially for inventing new ways of making films and of using the camera. His films include  Birth of a Nation (1915) and  Intolerance (1916).//


Words: grifter
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: grift  ’hard work’ (20-21 centuries), perhaps from  graft  ’dishonest practices’]//   AmE  informal someone who dishonestly obtains something, especially money//  -- grift v  [T] //


Words: grill
Meaning:
v \n  1 [I and T] if you grill something, or if it grills, you cook it by putting it on a flat metal frame with bars across it, above or below strong direct heat:  --Grill the bacon until crisp.//  --swordfish grilled over charcoal//\n  2 [T] to ask someone a lot of questions about something:  grill sb about/on sth//  --She never grilled her husband about his work.//\ngrill 2 n [C]   [Sense: 1-3; Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: gril, from  Late Latin craticulum;   GRIDDLE]//  [Sense: 4; Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: grille, from  Late Latin craticula, from  Latin cratis;   GRATE1]//\n  1  BrE a part of a cooker in which strong heat from above cooks food on a metal shelf below:  American Equivalent:  broiler//  --Pop it under the grill for five minutes.//\n  2 a flat frame with metal bars across it that can be put over a fire, so that food can be cooked on it:\n  3 a place where you can buy and eat grilled food:  --the Tribeca Bar and Grill//    mixed grill//\n  4 a grille:


Words: grille
Meaning:
grill/gr[hA366]l/ n [C] \n  1 a frame with metal bars or wire across it that is put in front of a window or door for protection:\n  2 the metal bars at the front of a car that protect the radiator:


Words: grilling
Meaning:
n [C]   when you ask someone a lot of questions about something//  --The three party leaders each endured a 20-minute television grilling from voters.//


Words: grim
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: grimm]//\n  1 making you feel worried or unhappy:   harsh//  --the grim reality of rebuilding the shattered town//  --When he lost his job, his future looked grim.//  --Millions of Britons face the grim prospect (=something bad that will probably happen) of dearer home loans.//  --We received the grim news in silence.//\n  2 looking or sounding very serious:  --’I’ll survive,’ he said with a grim smile.//  --The child hung on to her arm with grim determination .//  --The police officers were silent and grim-faced.//\n  3  BrE  informal very bad, ugly, or unpleasant:  --The weather forecast is pretty grim.//  --They painted a grim picture of what life used to be like there.//  --a grim industrial town//\n  4 [not before noun]  informal ill:  --Juliet felt grim through the early months of her pregnancy.//\n  5  hold/hang on for/like grim death:   BrE  informal to hold something very tightly because you are afraid//  -- grimly adv //  --Arnold smiled grimly.//  -- grimness n  [U] //


Words: Grim Reaper
Meaning:
the   a name given to Death in stories and literature. He is shown in pictures as a human  skeleton in long black clothes that also cover his head, carrying a large  scythe (=a tool for cutting crops) .//


Words: grimace
Meaning:
v [I]   to twist your face in an ugly way because you do not like something, because you are feeling pain, or because you are trying to be funny//  grimace at//  --She grimaced at her reflection in the mirror.//  --She sipped the whisky and grimaced.//\ngrimace 2 n [C]  written   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: , from earlier  French grimache]//  an expression you make by twisting your face because you do not like something or because you are feeling pain//  --His face twisted in a grimace of pain.//  --a grimace of disgust//


Words: grime
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Flemish; Origin: grijm, from  Middle Dutch grime  ’soot, mask’]//  a lot of dirt//   filth//  --The walls were black with grime.//


Words: Grimm
Meaning:
two German brothers, Jakob Grimm (1785-1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859), usually known as The Brothers Grimm. They studied language and wrote a German dictionary, and are famous for writing  Grimm’s Fairy Tales, a collection of nearly 200 stories which are still popular with children. //


Words: grin
Meaning:
v [I]   past tense and past participle  grinned present participle  grinning //  [Language: Old English; Origin: grennian]//\n  1 to smile widely:  grin at//  --She grinned at me, her eyes sparkling.//  grin broadly/widely //  --He walked out of the pool, grinning widely.//  grin like//  --He was grinning like an idiot (=grinning in a silly way) .//  grin from ear to ear (=grin very widely) //\n  2  grin and bear it:  to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation without complaining, usually because you realize there is nothing you can do to make it better//\ngrin 2 n [C]   a wide smile//  --He came into the room with a friendly grin on his face .//  wide/broad/big etc grin //  --’Of course,’ he agreed with a wide grin.//    wipe the grin off sb’s face at wipe1 (7)//


Words: Grinch
Meaning:
1  the Grinch:  the main character in a story for children by the US writer Dr  Seuss called  How the Grinch Stole Christmas. He is a nasty, unkind green creature who almost spoils Christmas.//\n  2 [C]  AmE a very bad-tempered person:


Words: grind
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  ground /gra[hA35E]nd///  ----------//\n   1 into small pieces:\n   2 smooth/sharp:\n   3 press:\n   4 grind your teeth:\n   5 grind to a halt:  Phrasal verbs//   grind somebody → down//   grind on//   grind something → out//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: grindan]//\n  1 INTO SMALL PIECES:   [T] //  a)  also grind up //  to break something such as corn or coffee beans into small pieces or powder, either in a machine or between two hard surfaces//  -- freshly ground pepper//  b)  AmE to cut food, especially raw meat, into very small pieces by putting it through a machine//  British Equivalent:  mince//  --ground beef//\n  2 SMOOTH/SHARP:   [T] to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine//  --a stone for grinding knives and scissors//  --The lenses are ground to a high standard of precision.//\n  3 PRESS:  a)  [T always + adverb/preposition] to press something onto a surface and rub it with a strong twisting movement//  grind sth into sth//  --He dropped a cigar butt and ground it into the carpet with his heel.//  --He ground out his cigarette on the window ledge.//  b)  [I always + adverb/preposition] to press hard against something//  grind against/together//  --as these plates (=large areas of land) grind against each other//\n  4  grind your teeth:  to rub your upper and lower teeth together, making a noise//\n  5  grind to a halt:  a) if a vehicle grinds to a halt, it stops gradually//  --Traffic ground to a halt as it approached the accident site.//  b) if a country, organization, or process grinds to a halt, its activity or the process gradually stops//  --After two days the talks had ground to a halt.//    have an axe to grind at axe1 (4)//  grind down [grind sb → down] phr v//  to treat someone in a cruel way for such a long time that they lose all courage and hope//   oppress//  --I’ve never let male colleagues grind me down.//  grind on phr v//  to continue for an unpleasantly long time//  --As the negotiations grind on, time is passing towards the deadline.//  grind out [grind sth → out] phr v//\n  1 to produce information, writing, music etc in such large amounts that it becomes boring:   churn out//  --Frank just keeps grinding out detective stories.//\n  2  written to say something in a rough, angry, or emotional way:  --’You don’t love him,’ he ground out.//\ngrind 2 n \n  1 [singular] something that is hard work and physically or mentally tiring:  --I find the journey to work a real grind.//  --workers emerging from their daily grind in the factory//\n  2 [C]  AmE  informal a student who never does anything except study:  British Equivalent:  swot//


Words: grinding
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 very difficult and unpleasant, and never seeming to improve:  --a country devastated by civil war and grinding poverty //\n  2 a grinding noise is the continuous unpleasant noise of machinery parts rubbing together:


Words: grindstone
Meaning:
n [C]   a large round stone that turns like a wheel, and is used for making tools and knives sharp when they are rubbed against it//    keep your nose to the grindstone at nose1 (11)//


Words: gringo
Meaning:
n   plural  gringos  [C]  taboo //  [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Spanish; Origin: , probably from  griego  ’Greek, stranger’]//  a very offensive word used in Latin America to refer to a foreigner, especially a white English-speaking person. Do not use this word.//


Words: grip
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 firm hold:\n   2 power:\n   3 understanding:\n   4 come/get to grips with something:\n   5 lose your grip:\n   6 get/take a grip on yourself:\n   7 Get a grip:\n   8 be in the grip of something:\n   9 stop something slipping:\n  10 for hair:\n  11 cameraman:\n  12 bag:  ----------//\n  1 FIRM HOLD:   [C usually singular] the way you hold something tightly, or your ability to do this//  --Hold the microphone in a  firm grip  and keep it still. //  -- She felt her wrist caught in a  vice-like grip . //  -- Don’t  loosen  your  grip  on the rope or you’ll fall.//  --He  released  his  grip  and stepped back.//\n  2 POWER:   [singular] power and control over someone or something//  have/keep a grip on sth //  --Stalin’s determination to keep an iron grip on Eastern Europe//  tighten/loosen/relax your grip (on sth) //  --By 1979 South Africa was tightening its grip on Namibia.//  tight/firm/strong/iron etc grip //  --The recession could be avoided if business keeps a firm grip on its costs.//\n  3 UNDERSTANDING:   [singular] an understanding of something//  have/get a grip on sth //  --I’m just trying to get a grip on what’s happening.//  --She was losing her grip on reality.//\n  4  come/get to grips with sth:  to understand or deal with something difficult//  --I’ve never really got to grips with this new technology.//\n  5  lose your grip:  to become less confident and less able to deal with a situation//  --I don’t know what’s the matter; I think I’m losing my grip.//\n  6  get/take a grip on yourself:  to start to improve your behaviour or control your emotions when you have been very upset//  --Stop being hysterical and get a grip on yourself.//\n  7  Get a grip:   spoken used in order to tell someone to control their emotions//  --For God’s sake get a grip!//\n  8  be in the grip of sth:  to be experiencing a very unpleasant situation that cannot be controlled or stopped//  --a country in the grip of famine//\n  9 STOP SOMETHING SLIPPING:  a)  [C] a special part of a handle that has a rough surface so that you can hold it firmly without it slipping//  --My racquet needs a new grip.//  b)  [singular, U] the ability of something to stay on a surface without slipping//  --boots which give a good grip//\n  10 FOR HAIR:   [C]  BrE a hairgrip//\n  11 CAMERAMAN:   [C]  technical someone whose job is to move the cameras around while a television show or film is being made//\n  12 BAG:   [C]  old-fashioned a bag or case used for travelling//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  firm/tight/good/strong grip //  iron/vice-like grip  (=a very strong grip) //  tighten your grip (on something)  (=hold something more tightly) //  loosen/relax your grip (on something)  (=hold something less tightly) //  release your grip (on something)  (=let go of something) //  lose your grip  (=accidentally let go of something) //  get a grip (on something)  (=hold something that is hard to hold firmly) //  ----------//\ngrip 2 v   past tense and past participle  gripped present participle  gripping //  ----------//\n   1 hold tightly:\n   2 have a strong effect:\n   3 interest somebody:\n   4 not slip:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: grippan]//\n  1 HOLD TIGHTLY:   [T] to hold something very tightly//  --I gripped the rail and tried not to look down.//  grip sth tightly/firmly //  --The woman moved closer to Beth, gripping her arm tightly.//\n  2 HAVE A STRONG EFFECT:   [T] to have a strong effect on someone or something//  --a country gripped by economic problems//  --Panic suddenly gripped me when it was my turn to speak.//\n  3 INTEREST SOMEBODY:   [T] to hold someone’s attention and interest//  --a story that really grips you//\n  4 NOT SLIP:   [I and T] if something grips a surface, it stays on it without slipping//  --Radial tires grip the road well.//    gripping//


Words: gripe
Meaning:
v [I]  informal   [Language: Old English; Origin: gripan  ’to seize’]//  to complain about something in an annoying way//   whinge//  gripe about//  --Joe came in griping about how cold it was.//\ngripe 2 n  informal \n  1 [C] something unimportant that you complain about:   complaint//  --My main gripe was the price of refreshments.//\n  2  the gripes:   old-fashioned sudden bad stomach pains//


Words: gripping
Meaning:
adj   a gripping film, story etc is very exciting and interesting//  --Collins’ gripping detective novel//


Words: grisly
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: grislic]//  extremely unpleasant and involving people being killed or injured//  --a series of grisly murders//


Words: grist
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: ’grain to be broken into small pieces’]//  (all) grist to the mill//   BrE (all) grist for the mill  AmE something that is useful in a particular situation//  --Any publicity is good - it’s all grist to the mill.//


Words: gristle
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin:]//  the part of meat that is not soft enough to eat//  -- gristly adj //


Words: grit
Meaning:
n [U]   [Sense: 1-2; Origin: Old English greot]//  [Sense: 3; Origin: Old English grytt]//\n  1 very small pieces of stone or sand:  --Make sure both surfaces are free from dust and grit.//  --The council is responsible for putting grit on icy roads.//\n  2  informal determination and courage:   guts//\n  3  grits:   AmE a type of grain that is roughly crushed and cooked, and often eaten for breakfast//\ngrit 2 v [T]   past tense and past participle  gritted present participle  gritting //\n  1 to scatter grit on a frozen road to make it less slippery:\n  2  grit your teeth:  a) to use all your determination to continue in spite of difficulties//  --Just grit your teeth and hang on - it’ll be over soon.//  b) to bite your teeth together, especially when you are in pain, angry, or under pressure//  --Ben gritted his teeth, hoping Sasha wouldn’t notice his fear.//  --’No, that’s alright,’ she said through gritted teeth.//


Words: gritter
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a large vehicle that puts salt or sand on the roads in winter to make them less icy//  American Equivalent:  salt truck//


Words: gritty
Meaning:
adj \n  1 showing determination and courage:  --Henin gave a typically gritty performance, coming back from 4-0 down.//  --her gritty determination//\n  2 showing a difficult or unpleasant situation as it really is:  --Billingham’s pictures have a gritty realism which can be almost upsetting.//\n  3 containing grit or covered in grit:  --Gritty soil had got under her nails.//


Words: Grizedale Forest
Meaning:
a 9,500 acre forest between Lake  Windermere and Coniston Water in the  Lake District, northwest England.  Sculptors from all over the world were asked to create works in the Forest from whatever materials they found there. There are now more than 70 works throughout the Forest.//


Words: grizzle
Meaning:
v [I]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from  Grizel, a form of the name  Griselda;  ’patient Griselda’ was a well-known name for an obedient wife]//\n  1 if a baby or child grizzles, they cry quietly for a long time:\n  2 to complain in an annoying way:   moan//  --Ben was grizzling about being tired.//


Words: grizzled
Meaning:
adj  literary   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: grisel  ’gray’, from  gris]//  having grey or greyish hair//  grizzled hair/head/beard etc //  --a grizzled old man//


Words: grizzly bear
Meaning:
n  also grizzly  [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  grizzly  ’gray’ (16-20 centuries) from  Old French grisel;   GRIZZLED]//  a very large bear that lives in the northwest of North America//


Words: Gro-Bag
Meaning:
growbag/gr[hA353][hA35E]b[zB024]g $ gro[hA35E]-/ n [C]  trademark    BrE a large plastic bag containing specially prepared earth for growing vegetables//


Words: groan
Meaning:
v   [Language: Old English; Origin: granian]//\n  1 [I] to make a long deep sound because you are in pain, upset, or disappointed, or because something is very enjoyable:   moan//  --The kids all groaned when I switched off the TV.//  groan with//  --As she kissed him, Gary groaned with pleasure.//  --Richard’s jokes make you groan rather than laugh.//\n  2 [I and T] to complain about something:   moan//  --I’m tired of him moaning and groaning all the time.//  --’It’s too hot!’ he groaned.//\n  3 [T] to make a low deep sound:   moan//  --The old tree groaned in the wind.//\n  4 [I] if a table groans with food there is a very large amount of food on it:\ngroan 2 n [C] \n  1 a long deep sound that you make when you are in pain or do not want to do something:   moan//  --Casey let out a groan of protest at having to go to bed.//\n  2  literary a long low deep sound:  --The door opened with a groan.//


Words: grocer
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: grossier  ’person who sells in large quantities’, from  gros;   GROSS1]//\n  1 someone who owns or works in a shop that sells food and other things used in the home:\n  2  grocer’s:  a grocer’s shop//


Words: grocery
Meaning:
n   1  groceries [plural] food and other goods that are sold by a grocer or a supermarket//\n  2  also grocery store :   [C]  AmE a supermarket//


Words: grog
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Old Grog, a name given (because he wore a coat of  grogram, a type of rough cloth) to Edward Vernon, the 18th-century British navy officer who started the practice of giving sailors rum and water to drink]//\n  1 a strong alcoholic drink, especially rum mixed with water:\n  2  informal any alcoholic drink:


Words: groggy
Meaning:
adj   weak and unable to move well or think clearly because you are ill or very tired//  --I felt really groggy after 15 hours on the plane.//


Words: groin
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: (14-19 centuries); Language: Old English; Origin: grynde  ’valley’; influenced by  groin  ’animal’s nose’]//\n  1 the place where the tops of your legs meet the front of your body:\n  2 a groyne:


Words: grommet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  From early  French gormette  ’one of the leather bands around a horse’s head’]//\n  1 a small metal ring that is used around a hole in cloth or leather to make it stronger:\n  2  BrE a small piece of plastic that a doctor puts into a child’s ear in order to remove liquid from it:


Words: groom
Meaning:
v \n  1 [T] to clean and brush an animal, especially a horse:\n  2 [T] to prepare someone for an important job or position in society by training them over a long period:  groom sb for sth//  --Tim was being groomed for a managerial position.//  groom sb to do sth//  --Clare’s been groomed to take her father’s place when he retires.//\n  3 [T] to take care of your own appearance by keeping your hair and clothes clean and tidy:  --Her hair is always perfectly groomed.//    well-groomed//\n  4 [I and T] if an animal grooms itself or another animal, it cleans its own fur and skin or that of the other animal:  -- grooming n  [U] //  --Long-haired dogs need a lot of grooming.//\ngroom 2 n [C]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  BRIDEGROOM]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1100-1200; Origin:  Probably from an unrecorded  Old English groma  ’boy, man, male servant’]//\n  1 a bridegroom:\n  2 someone whose job is to feed, clean, and take care of horses:


Words: groomsman
Meaning:
n   plural  groomsmen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //   AmE a friend of a bridegroom who has special duties at a wedding//  British Equivalent:  best man//


Words: groove
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Dutch; Origin: groeve]//\n  1 a thin line cut into a hard surface:  --The bolt slid easily into the groove.//  --a shallow groove cut into the cliff//\n  2  be stuck in a groove:  to do something in the same way for a long time so that it becomes boring//  --Our product range was stuck in a groove.//\n  3  informal the beat of a piece of popular music:  --a hypnotic dub groove//


Words: groovy
Meaning:
adj  old-fashioned  informal   a word meaning fashionable, modern, and fun, used especially in the 1960s//


Words: grope
Meaning:
v   [Language: Old English; Origin: grapian]//\n  1 [I ] to try to find something that you cannot see by feeling with your hands:  grope for//  --Ginny groped for her glasses on the bedside table.//  grope around//  --We groped around in the darkness.//\n  2 [I and T] to go somewhere by feeling the way with your hands because you cannot see:  grope your way along/across etc //  --I was groping my way blindly through the trees.//  --Ally groped steadily towards the door.//\n  3  grope for sth:  to try hard to find the right words to say or the right solution to a problem but without any real idea of how to do this//  --She hesitated, seeming to grope for words.//\n  4 [T]  informal to move your hands over someone’s body to get sexual pleasure, especially when they do not want you to do this:\ngrope 2 n [C usually singular]    informal touching someone’s body to get sexual pleasure, especially when they do not want you to do this//


Words: gross
Meaning:
S3   adj   ----------//\n   1 total:\n   2 very bad:\n   3 nasty:\n   4 fat:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gros  ’big, thick’, from  Latin grossus]//\n  1 TOTAL:   [only before noun] //  a) a gross sum of money is the total amount before any tax or costs have been taken away//    net//  --a gross profit of $5 million//  gross income/salary/pay etc //  --a family with gross earnings of just [hA124]75 per week//  b) a gross weight is the total weight of something, including its wrapping//\n  2 VERY BAD:   [only before noun] clearly wrong and unacceptable//  gross negligence/misconduct etc //  --soldiers accused of gross violations of human rights//  --The company described reports of environmental disaster as gross exaggeration.//  gross indecency (=the crime of doing something that is sexually offensive) //\n  3 NASTY:   spoken very unpleasant to look at or think about//   disgusting//  --Ooh, gross! I hate spinach!//\n  4 FAT:   informal extremely fat and unattractive//  -- grossly adv  [+ adjective/adverb] //  --Lambert was grossly overweight .//  --Medical records were found to be grossly inadequate.//  -- grossness n  [U] //\ngross 2 adv   earn [hA124]20,000/$30,000 etc gross//  to earn [hA124]20,000 etc before tax has been taken away//    net//  --a junior executive earning $50,000 gross//\ngross 3 v [T]   to gain an amount as a total profit, or earn it as a total amount, before tax has been taken away//    net//  --The movie has already grossed over $10 million.//  gross out [gross sb → out] phr v//   AmE  spoken to make someone wish they had not seen or been told about something because it is so unpleasant//   disgust//  --His dirty fingernails really gross me out.//\ngross 4   plural  gross  n [C] //  a quantity of 144 things//  gross of//  --two gross of candles//


Words: grotesque
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Old Italian (pittura) grottesca  ’cave painting’, from  grotta;   GROTTO]//\n  1 unpleasant, shocking, and offensive:  --It’s grotesque to portray peace campaigners as unpatriotic.//  --By modern standards, the treatment of prisoners was grotesque.//\n  2 extremely ugly in a strange or unnatural way:  --a grotesque figure with a huge head//  -- grotesquely adv //\ngrotesque 2 n \n  1 [C] a picture, sculpture etc of someone who is strangely ugly:\n  2  the grotesque:  a grotesque style in art//


Words: grotto
Meaning:
n   plural  grottos  or  grottoes  [C] //  [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: grotta,  grotto, from  Latin crypta;   CRYPT]//  a small attractive cave//


Words: grotty
Meaning:
adj  BrE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: grotesque]//\n  1 nasty, dirty, or unpleasant:   manky//  --a grotty little bar//\n  2 ill:  --The next day I felt a bit grotty .//


Words: grouch
Meaning:
n  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  grutch  ’complaint’ (14-19 centuries), from  Old French grouchier  ’to complain’]//\n  1 [C] someone who is always complaining:  --an old grouch//\n  2 [C] something unimportant that you complain about:\ngrouch 2 v [I]  informal   to complain in a slightly angry way//   moan//  grouch about//  --He’s always grouching about something!//


Words: grouchy
Meaning:
adj  informal   in a bad temper, especially because you are tired//   bad-tempered//  -- grouchiness n  [U] //


Words: ground
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 earth:\n   2 area of land:\n   3 reason:\n   4 subject:\n   5 opinion:\n   6 sport:\n   7 hold/stand your ground:\n   8 get off the ground:\n   9 gain ground:\n  10 lose ground:\n  11 breeding/fertile/proving ground:\n  12 burn/raze something to the ground:\n  13 work/drive/run yourself into the ground:\n  14 on the ground:\n  15 stamping ground:\n  16 electrical:\n  17 grounds:\n  18 go to ground:\n  19 run somebody/something to ground:\n  20 background:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: grund]//\n  1 EARTH:   [U] //  a) the surface of the earth//  the ground //  --The leaves were slowly fluttering to the ground.//  --He lay on the ground and stared up at the sky.//  --The ground was frozen solid.//  above/below/under ground//  --At night, badgers feed above ground.//  --These youngsters work 70 metres below ground level .//  --A raised platform stood 2 metres off the ground.//  --The air raids were followed by military action on the ground  (=on land) .//  -- ground troops  (=soldiers who fight on land) //  b) the soil on and under the surface of the earth//  --Dig the ground over in the autumn.//  --Plant the seeds 2 cm deep in the ground.//  --The ground was dry, far too dry for growing corn.//\n  2 AREA OF LAND:  a)  [U] an area of land without buildings, fences, woods etc//  --The landscape is a mixture of open ground and woodland.//  --They were standing on the waste ground  (=land in a town that is not being used) behind the car park.//  b)  [C]  BrE  also grounds //   [plural]  especially AmE an area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose//  --fishing grounds//  parade/hunting/burial etc ground //  --These fields served as a hunting ground for the local people.//  --The rivers are used as dumping grounds for industrial waste.//  --He is buried in sacred ground.//    playground(1)//  c)  grounds [plural] the land or gardens surrounding a large building//  --We decided to take a stroll in the hotel grounds.//\n  3 REASON:   grounds [ plural] a good reason for doing, believing, or saying something//  grounds for (doing) sth//  --Mental cruelty can be grounds for divorce .//  --There are strong grounds for believing his statement.//  have grounds to do sth//  --Did the police have reasonable grounds to arrest him?//  on moral/legal/medical etc grounds //  --The proposal was rejected on environmental grounds.//  on (the) grounds of sth//  --Flying was ruled out on grounds of cost.//  --’You’re under arrest.’ ’On what grounds?’//  on the grounds that//  --We oppose the bill, on the grounds that it discriminates against women.//\n  4 SUBJECT:   [U] a subject or area of knowledge//  --At meetings, we just keep going over the same ground  (=talking about the same things) .//  --His latest movie looks set to break new ground  (=introduce new and exciting ideas) .//  familiar/home ground (=a subject etc that you know something about) //  --In his latest book, McManus returns to more familiar ground.//\n  5 OPINION:   [U] a general opinion or set of attitudes//  --Often parents and teenagers find they have little common ground  (=they do not share the same attitudes etc) .//  the middle/centre ground (=opinions that are not extreme that most people would agree with) //  --Both parties are battling to occupy the centre ground .//  --Careful, Laura. You could be treading on dangerous ground  (=expressing opinions etc that might offend someone) .//  --Each side was unwilling to give ground  (=change their opinion) .//\n  6 SPORT:   [C]  BrE the place where a particular sport is played//    stadium//  --a new football ground//  --It’s their first defeat at their home ground  (=the ground that belongs to a particular team) all season.//\n  7  hold/stand your ground:  a) to stay where you are when someone threatens you, in order to show them that you are not afraid//  --The men threatened him, but he stood his ground and they fled.//  b) to refuse to change your mind about something, even though people are opposing you//  --Jason vowed to stand his ground, even if it meant losing his job.//\n  8  get off the ground:  to start to be successful//  --Her show never really got off the ground in the UK.//\n  9  gain ground:  a) to become more successful//  --It was feared that the extreme right might be gaining considerable ground in the election campaign.//  b) if an idea, belief etc gains ground, more people start to accept it//  --His theories gradually gained ground among academics.//  c) to get closer to someone or something that you are competing with//\n  10  lose ground:  to become less successful compared with someone or something you are competing with//  --The Indian team seem determined to regain the ground they lost in the last game.//\n  11  breeding/fertile/proving ground:  a situation in which something develops quickly or successfully//  --The region, with its widespread poverty, provided fertile ground for revolutionary activitists.//  prepare/lay the ground (=to provide the situation or conditions in which something can develop successfully) //  breeding/fertile/proving ground for//  --My task was to prepare the ground for the recruitment of support workers.//\n  12  burn/raze sth to the ground:  to destroy a city, building etc completely by fire, bombs etc//  --The city of Tortona was burnt to the ground.//\n  13  work/drive/run yourself into the ground:  to work so hard that you become very tired or ill//  --Kay’s working herself into the ground trying to meet her deadlines.//\n  14  on the ground:  in the place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else - used especially in news reports//  --While the politicians talk of peace, the situation on the ground remains tense.//\n  15  stamping ground:   BrE stomping ground  AmE  informal someone’s stamping ground is an area where they are known or have a lot of influence//  --I guess he’ll try to reach his old stomping ground to drum up support.//\n  16 ELECTRICAL:   [singular]  AmE a wire that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the ground for safety//  British Equivalent:  earth//\n  17  grounds [plural] small pieces of solid material that sink to the bottom of a liquid:  --coffee grounds//\n  18  go to ground:   BrE to make it hard for people to find you//  --The man has gone to ground since his photograph was published in a national newspaper.//\n  19  run sb/sth to ground:   BrE to succeed in finding someone or something after a long search//\n  20 BACKGROUND:   [C]  technical the colour used as the background for a design//    cut the ground from under sb’s feet at cut1 (37)//    have/keep both feet on the ground at foot1 (18)//    suit sb down to the ground at suit2 (1)//    be thin on the ground at thin1 (12)//    hit the ground running at hit1 (24)//  ----------//  WORD CHOICE: ground, land, earth, soil, floor //  The  ground  is the surface that you walk on when you are outdoors : There were a few flakes of snow on the ground. |  an area of muddy ground //  land is an area of ground that is owned or controlled by someone : They were on his land. |  land set aside for housing //  It is also the part of the earth’s surface that is not covered in water : animals that live on land //  earth  or  soil is the soft substance that covers the ground and that plants grow in : Green shoots peeped through the earth. |  fertile soil //  The Earth  or  earth  is also the planet that we live on. //  The  floor is the surface that you walk on when you are indoors : There’s mud all over the floor! //  ----------//\nground 2 v   ----------//\n   1 aircraft:\n   2 boat:\n   3 be grounded in/on something:\n   4 child :\n   5 electricity:  Phrasal verbs//   ground somebody in something//  ----------//\n  1 AIRCRAFT:   [T usually passive] to stop an aircraft or pilot from flying//  --All planes are grounded until the fog clears.//\n  2 BOAT:   [I and T] if you ground a boat or if it grounds, it hits the bottom of the sea so that it cannot move//  --Both boats grounded on a mud bank.//\n  3  be grounded in/on sth:  to be based on something//  --Lewis’ ideas were grounded in his strong Christian faith.//\n  4 CHILD :   [T]  informal to stop a child going out with their friends as a punishment for behaving badly//  --I got home at 2 am and Dad grounded me on the spot.//\n  5 ELECTRICITY:   [T]  AmE to make a piece of electrical equipment safe by connecting it to the ground with a wire//  British Equivalent:  earth//    well-grounded//  ground in [ground sb in sth] phr v//  to teach someone the basic things they should know in order to be able to do something//  --Most seven-year-olds are grounded in the basics of reading and writing.//\nground 3 adj [only before noun]   ground coffee or nuts have been broken up into powder or very small pieces, using a special machine//\nground 4   the past tense and past participle of grind1//


Words: ground beef
Meaning:
n [U]    AmE  beef that has been cut up into very small pieces, often used to make hamburgers//  British Equivalent:  mince//


Words: ground cloth
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a piece of material that water cannot pass through, which people sleep on when they are camping//  British Equivalent:  groundsheet//


Words: ground control
Meaning:
n [U]   the people on the ground who are responsible for guiding the flight of spacecraft or aircraft//


Words: ground crew
Meaning:
n [C]   the group of people who work at an airport looking after the aircraft//  British Equivalent:  ground staff//


Words: ground floor
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C]  especially  BrE the floor of a building that is at ground level:  American Equivalent:  first floor//  --a ground floor flat//  --The dining room is on the ground floor.//    floor1 (3)//\n  2  be/get in on the ground floor:  to become involved in a plan, business activity etc from the beginning//


Words: ground forces
Meaning:
also ground troops  n [plural]   soldiers that fight on the ground rather than at sea or in the air//


Words: ground glass
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 glass that has been made into a powder:\n  2 glass that has been rubbed on its surface so that you cannot see through it, but light passes through it - used for example on a camera:


Words: ground level
Meaning:
n [singular]   the same level as the surface of the earth, rather than above it or below it//  --The flats are set around a courtyard with shops at ground level.//


Words: ground plan
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a drawing of how a building is arranged at ground level, showing the size, position, and shape of walls, rooms etc:   floor plan//\n  2 a plan for doing something in the future:  --documents which formed the ground plan for the welfare state//


Words: ground rent
Meaning:
n [U and C]   rent that you pay to the person who owns the land that your house, office etc is built on//


Words: ground rules
Meaning:
n [plural]   the basic rules or principles on which future actions or behaviour should be based//  lay down/establish ground rules for sth //  --Our book lays down the ground rules for building a patio successfully.//


Words: ground staff
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE \n  1 the people who take care of the grass and equipment at a sports ground:\n  2 the group of people who work at an airport looking after the aircraft:   ground crew//


Words: ground zero
Meaning:
n [U]   the exact place where a bomb explodes//  --Buildings within 25 km of ground zero would be flattened.//


Words: groundbreaking
Meaning:
adj   groundbreaking work involves making new discoveries, using new methods etc//  --groundbreaking research//


Words: grounded
Meaning:
adj \n  1 reasonable and in control of your emotions, even when this is difficult:\n  2 someone who is grounded understands their own character and knows what is really important:  --Simmons says that her family keeps her grounded .//\n  3 someone, especially a child, who is grounded is kept indoors as a punishment:


Words: Groundhog Day
Meaning:
the 2nd February, celebrated in the US. On this day, according to old stories, the groundhog comes out of its hole for the first time since winter began. If it sees its shadow, it is frightened back into its hole and there will be six more weeks of winter, but if it is cloudy and the groundhog cannot see its shadow, there will be an early spring.//


Words: grounding
Meaning:
n \n  1 [singular] a training in the basic parts of a subject or skill:  grounding in//  --A basic grounding in math is essential for the economics course.//  get/have a grounding in sth//  --Applicants must have a good grounding in human resources management.//  a good/thorough/solid etc grounding //  --The aim of the course is to give students a thorough grounding in English pronunciation.//\n  2 [C]  AmE a punishment for a child’s bad behaviour in which they are not allowed to go out with their friends for a period of time:\n  3 [U and C] the process of officially stopping an aircraft from flying, especially because it is not safe to fly:\n  4 [U] when someone knows what their own character is like and understands what is really important and what is not:  --a sense of grounding//


Words: groundless
Meaning:
adj   not based on facts or reason//  → well-founded//  --Fortunately my suspicions proved groundless .//  --Mr Kay’s lawyer said the accusations were groundless.//


Words: groundsheet
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a piece of material that water cannot pass through which people sleep on when they are camping//  American Equivalent:  ground cloth//


Words: groundsman
Meaning:
n   plural  groundsmen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //   especially  BrE a man whose job is to take care of a large garden or sports field//  American Equivalent:  groundskeeper//


Words: groundswell
Meaning:
n   [singular] a sudden increase in a particular feeling among people//  groundswell of//  --There is a groundswell of opinion that tougher laws are needed.//  --a groundswell of support for the Prime Minister//


Words: groundwater
Meaning:
n [U]   water that is below the ground//  --There are fears that groundwater might become contaminated.//


Words: groundwork
Meaning:
n [U]   something that has to happen before an activity or plan can be successful//  --His speech laid the groundwork for independence.//  --Much of the groundwork has already been done .//


Words: group
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: groupe, from  Italian gruppo]//\n  1 [also + plural verb British English] several people or things that are all together in the same place:  group of//  --a group of children//  --a small group of islands//  --Get into groups of four.//  --He was surrounded by a group of admirers.//  in groups//  --Dolphins travel in small groups.//  --A group of us are going to London.//\n  2 several people or things that are connected with each other:  --a left-wing terrorist group//  group of//  --She is one of a group of women who have suffered severe side-effects from the drug.//  age/ethnic/income etc group (=people of the same age, race etc) //  --Minority groups are encouraged to apply.//\n  3 several companies that all have the same owner:    chain//  --a giant textiles group//  group of//  --He owns a group of hotels in southern England.//\n  4 a number of musicians or singers who perform together, playing popular music:   band//    blood group,  focus group,  interest group,  playgroup,  pressure group,  working group//\ngroup 2 v \n  1 [I and T] to come together and form a group, or to arrange things or people together in a group:  group (sth) together/round/into etc//  --The photo shows four men grouped round a jeep.//  --Different flowers can be grouped together to make a colourful display.//  --small producers who group together to sell their produce//\n  2 [T always + adverb/preposition] to divide people or things into groups according to a system:  --We were grouped into six age bands.//  --We’ve grouped the questions under three headings.//


Words: group dynamics
Meaning:
n [plural]   the way in which people in a group behave towards each other when they are working together or doing an activity together//


Words: Group Theatre
Meaning:
the   a group of actors and  directors in the US who worked together from 1931 to 1940 to produce plays with a political message. Many of the people in the group, such as Elia  Kazan and Lee  Strasberg, became very important in the US theatre.//    Actors’ Studio//


Words: group therapy
Meaning:
n [U]   a method of treating people with emotional problems by getting them to meet and talk as a group//


Words: groupie
Meaning:
n [C]   a young woman who follows popular musicians or other famous people around, hoping to meet them//


Words: grouping
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] a number of people, things, or organizations that do something together or have the same interests, qualities, or features:  grouping of//  --a grouping of eight opposition parties//  political/social/economic etc grouping //  --During this period the family unit becomes the natural social grouping.//  --a loose grouping (=informal and not well organized) of anti-capitalist protesters//\n  2 [U] the act of putting people or things into groups:  --the grouping of students by ability//


Words: grouse
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Latin gruta, name of a type of bird hunted for food]//\n  1 [U and C] :  plural  grouse a small bird that is hunted and shot for food and sport, or the flesh of this bird//  --the grouse shooting season//  --roast grouse//\n  2 [C]  informal a complaint:  --His main grouse is that he isn’t paid enough.//\ngrouse 2 v [I]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French grouchier;   GROUCH1]//   informal to complain about something//   moan//  grouse about//  --I haven’t really got much to grouse about.//


Words: grout
Meaning:
n [U]   a mixture of sand and water that you spread between tiles when you fix them to a wall//  -- grout v  [I and T] //


Words: grove
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: graf]//\n  1 [C] a piece of land with trees growing on it:  grove of//  --a small grove of beech trees //  olive/lemon/palm etc grove //  --He owns an orange grove near Tel Aviv.//\n  2  Grove:  used in the names of roads//  --Lisson Grove//


Words: grovel
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  grovelled present participle  grovelling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  groveled present participle  groveling  AmE //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: groveling  ’lying face downward’ (16-19 centuries), from  groof  ’on the face’ (14-19 centuries), from  Old Norse grufu]//\n  1 [I] to praise someone a lot or behave with a lot of respect towards them because you think that they are important and will be able to help you in some way - used to show disapproval:   crawl//  grovel to//  --I had to really grovel to the bank manager to get a loan.//\n  2 [I always + adverb/preposition] to move along the ground on your hands and knees:  --I saw him grovelling in the road for his hat.//  -- grovelling adj //  --a grovelling apology//


Words: grow
Meaning:
v   past tense  grew /gru[hA359]/past participle  grown /gr[hA353][hA35E]n $ gro[hA35E]n///  ----------//\n   1 increase:\n   2 person/animal:\n   3 plants:\n   4 hair/nails:\n   5 become:\n   6 improve:\n   7 it/money doesn’t grow on trees:  Phrasal verbs//   grow apart//   grow into somebody/something//   grow on somebody//   grow out//   grow out of something//   grow up//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: growan]//\n  1 INCREASE:  a)  [I] to increase in amount, size, number, or strength//  → shrink//  --Support for Mr Thompson is growing.//  grow by//  --Sales of new cars grew by 10% last year.//  grow from/to//  --The number of students at the college has grown from 200 to over 500.//  -- A growing number of people are taking part-time jobs.//  grow rapidly/slowly/steadily //  --The economy has grown steadily over the last ten years.//  --Fears are growing for the crew’s safety.//  grow in//  --a city that is still growing in size//  --Skiing has really grown in popularity.//  --There is growing concern about climate change.//  --my growing interest in China//  b)  [T] to make a business or part of a business bigger and more successful//  --We want to grow the export side of the business.//\n  2 PERSON/ANIMAL:   [I] to become bigger, taller etc over a period of time in the process of becoming an adult//  → shrink//  --You’ve really grown since I last saw you.//  --Victor seemed to grow taller every day.//  grow 2 inches/5cm etc //  --Stan grew two inches in six months.//\n  3 PLANTS:  a)  [I] if plants grow, they exist and develop in a natural way//  --a tree which will grow well in most types of soil//  --The plants grow wild  (=grow without anyone looking after them) by the river.//  b)  [T] to make plants or crops develop and produce fruit or flowers//    raise//  --Many families own plots of land to grow food.//  --Britain grows 6,000,000 tonnes of potatoes a year.//  --The growing season is from April to September.//\n  4 HAIR/NAILS:  a)  [T] if you grow your hair or nails, you do not cut them//  --I’ve decided to grow my hair long .//  grow a beard/moustache //  b)  [I] when hair or nails grow, they become longer//\n  5 BECOME:  a)  [>I always + adj] to change and become different quite slowly//  --The sound was growing louder.//  --Her tastes have changed as she’s grown older.//  --Donna has grown tired of being a model.//  --Gradually, Fiona’s eyes grew used to the darkness (=she gradually became able to see a little better) .//  b)  [I] to gradually change your opinions and have a feeling that you did not have before//  grow to like/hate/respect etc //  --After a while the kids grew to like Mr Cox.//  --the city he had grown to love see usage note  become//\n  6 IMPROVE:   [I] to gradually become better, bigger etc//  grow as//  --She’s grown tremendously as a musician.//\n  7  it/money doesn’t grow on trees:   spoken used to say that you should not waste money//  grow apart phr v//  if two people grow apart, their relationship becomes less close//  --The couple had been growing apart for years.//  grow into / [grow into sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to develop over time and become a particular kind of person or thing:  --Sue grew into a lovely young woman.//  --The two-part show has grown into a full-fledged series.//\n  2 to gradually learn how to do a job or deal with a situation successfully:  --She will grow into her new role over the next few months.//\n  3 if a child grows into clothes, he or she becomes big enough to wear them:  grow on [grow on sb] phr v//  if something grows on you, you gradually like it more and more//  --I hated his music at first, but it grows on you.//  grow out phr v//  if you grow out a hair style, or if it grows out, you gradually grow your hair until the style disappears//  grow sth → out//  --I’m growing my fringe out.//  grow out of [grow out of sth] phr v//\n  1 if a child grows out of clothes, he or she becomes too big to wear them:   outgrow//\n  2 if someone grows out of something, they stop doing it as they get older:   outgrow//  --Mike finally seems to be growing out of his rebelliousness.//\n  3 to develop or happen as a result of something else that happened or existed:  --His art grew out of his love of nature.//  --legislation which grew out of concern over the increasing crime rate//  grow up phr v//\n  1 to develop from being a child to being an adult:  --What do you want to be when you grow up?//  --I grew up in Chicago.//\n  2  grow up!:   spoken used to tell someone to behave in a more responsible way, like an adult//\n  3 to start to exist or develop gradually:  --Trading settlements grew up by the river.//


Words: grower
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a person or company that grows fruit or vegetables in order to sell them:  fruit/vegetable/tobacco etc grower //  --apple growers//\n  2 a plant that grows and develops in a particular way:  fast/slow etc grower //  --Bamboo is a very vigorous grower.//


Words: growing pains
Meaning:
n [plural] \n  1 problems and difficulties that happen when an organization or system is new:  --the growing pains of a new republic//\n  2 pain that children who are growing feel in their arms and legs:


Words: growl
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from the sound]//\n  1 [I] if an animal growls, it makes a long deep angry sound:    bark, snarl//  growl at//  --The dog growled at me.//\n  2 [I and T] to say something in a low angry voice:   snarl//  --’Get out of my way,’ he growled.//  growl at//  --’Who are you?’ he growled at me.//  -- growl n  [C] //  --He heard a low growl behind him.//


Words: grown
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1  grown man/woman:  an adult man or woman, used especially when you think someone is not behaving as an adult should//  --Who ever heard of a grown man being scared of the dark?//\n  2  grown children/daughter/son:  children etc who are now adults//  --I’ve got two grown daughters and a son.//\ngrown 2   the past participle of grow//


Words: growth
Meaning:
W2   n   ----------//\n   1 increase:\n   2 business/economy:\n   3 size/strength:\n   4 importance:\n   5 personal development:\n   6 disease:\n   7 growing thing:  ----------//  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: grow]//\n  1 INCREASE:   [singular,U] an increase in amount, number, or size//  → decline//  growth in/of//  --We’ve seen an enormous growth in the number of businesses using the Web.//  --the rapid growth of world population//  --the recent growth of interest in African music//\n  2 BUSINESS/ECONOMY:   [singular,U] an increase in the value of goods or services produced and sold by a business or a country//  → decline//  --measures to stimulate economic growth //  strong/rapid/slow etc growth //  --a period of rapid growth in the economy//  --The company is preparing for zero growth  (=no growth) this year.//  growth area/industry //  --Debt collection is a huge growth industry.//\n  3 SIZE/STRENGTH:   [singular,U] the development of the physical size, strength etc of a person, animal, or plant over a period of time//  --Vitamins are essential for healthy growth.//  --a means of stimulating plant growth //  -- a growth hormone  (=substance in the body that causes you to grow) //\n  4 IMPORTANCE:   [singular,U] a gradual increase in the importance or influence that something has//  growth of//  --Cinemas declined with the growth of television.//\n  5 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT:   [U] the development of someone’s character, intelligence, or emotions//  --A loving home is essential for a child’s personal growth .//  emotional/intellectual/spiritual etc growth //  --the journey toward spiritual growth//\n  6 DISEASE:   [C] a swelling on or inside a person, animal, or plant, caused by disease//    tumour//  --a cancerous growth//  growth on//  --a growth on his lung//\n  7 GROWING THING:   [U and C] something that has grown//  --Feed the plants to encourage new growth.//  --His chin bore a thick growth of stubble.//


Words: groyne
Meaning:
groin/gr[hA350][hA366]n/ n [C]   a low wall built out into the sea to prevent the sea from removing sand and stones from the shore//


Words: Grozny
Meaning:
also  Groznyi Groznyy  the capital city of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Republic, in southeast Russia on the Sunzha River//


Words: grub
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from   GRUB1 2; in sense 1, probably because birds eat grubs]//\n  1 [U]  informal food:  --Let’s get some grub.//\n  2 [C] an insect when it is in the form of a small soft white worm:\ngrub 2   past tense and past participle  grubbed present participle  grubbing  v [I always + adverb/preposition] //   informal to look for something on the ground or just under the ground, especially by moving things around//  --Jake got on the floor and grubbed about under the desk.//  grub for//  --chickens grubbing for worms//  grub up/out [grub sth → up/out] phr v//  to dig plants out of the ground//  --Farmers were encouraged to grub up hedgerows.//


Words: grubby
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  GRUB1; because places full of grubs are dirty]//\n  1 fairly dirty:  --a grubby handkerchief//  --a gang of grubby kids//\n  2 grubby behaviour or activity is morally unpleasant:  --the grubby details of his financial dealings//\n  3  grubby hands/paws/mitts:   informal used to talk about someone touching something or becoming involved in it when you do not want them to//  --Keep your grubby paws to yourself!//  --I bet he can’t wait to get his grubby hands on my money!//  -- grubbiness n  [U] //


Words: grubstake
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  GRUB1 ’food’ +   STAKE1 ’money risked’]//   AmE  informal an amount of money that is provided to develop a new business in return for a share of the profits//


Words: grudge
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a feeling of dislike for someone because you cannot forget that they harmed you in the past:  grudge against//  -- Is there anyone who might have  had a grudge against  her? //  --Mr Gillis was not normally a man to  bear grudges . //  --I’m not  harbouring  some secret  grudge  against you.//  --It could be the work of  someone with a grudge  against the company. //  -- You let nasty little  personal grudges  creep in. //\n  2  grudge fight/match:  a fight or sports competition between two people who dislike each other a lot//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  have/bear/hold a grudge //  harbour/nurse a grudge (=try to continue feeling dislike for a long time) //  someone/an employee etc with a grudge //  personal grudge //  ----------//\ngrudge 2 v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grouchier;   GROUCH1]//  to do or give something very unwillingly//  grudge doing sth//  --I really grudge paying for poor service.//  grudge sb sth//  --I don’t grudge him his success.//  -- grudging adj  [usually before noun] //  --a grudging apology//  --He looked at Nick with grudging respect.//  -- grudgingly adv //  --He grudgingly admitted he’d been wrong.//


Words: gruel
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French]//  a food made of oats cooked in water or milk, which poor people ate in the past//


Words: gruelling
Meaning:
BrE  grueling AmE   adj   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gruel  ’to punish’ (1800-1900), from  gruel  ’food’; because people were given gruel as a punishment]//  very difficult and tiring//  --The cast took a break from their gruelling schedule.//  --a grueling journey//


Words: gruesome
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: grue  ’to shake (with fear)’ (14-19 centuries), from  Middle Dutch gruwen]//  very unpleasant or shocking, and involving someone being killed or badly injured//  --Police described it as a particularly gruesome attack.//  --Spare me the gruesome details.//  -- gruesomely adv //


Words: gruff
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Dutch; Origin: grof]//  speaking in a rough, unfriendly voice//  --His manner can be rather gruff.//  --a gruff reply//  --His voice became gruff.//  -- gruffly adv //  -- gruffness n  [U] //


Words: grumble
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  Old French grommeler, from  Middle Dutch grommen]//\n  1 [I and T] to keep complaining in an unhappy way:   moan//  grumble about/at//  --Farmers are always grumbling about the weather.//  grumble that//  --A few passengers grumbled that their cabins were too small.//  --’This is boring,’ Kathleen grumbled.//\n  2 [I] to make a low continuous sound:   rumble//  --Thunder grumbled overhead.//\n  3  mustn’t/can’t grumble:   BrE  spoken used to say that you are fairly healthy and happy//  --’How are you today?’ ’Mustn’t grumble.’//  -- grumble n  [C] //  --the usual grumbles about pay//


Words: grumbling
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U]  also  grumblings:   [plural] a complaint about something//  --She paid up, with some grumbling.//  --Soon, the grumblings turned to open discontent.//\n  2 [U] a low continuous sound:  --the grumbling of distant thunder//


Words: grumpy
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: grump  ’grumpy person’ (18-21 centuries), probably from the sound of someone complaining]//  bad-tempered and easily annoyed//  --Mina’s always a bit grumpy first thing in the morning.//  -- grumpily adv //  -- grumpiness n  [U] //


Words: Grundy
Meaning:
Mrs   an unpleasant character in a play called  Speed the Plough (1798) by the British writer Thomas Morton. She has very strict ideas about moral and social behaviour, and tries to make sure that other people are behaving properly.//


Words: grunge
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: grungy]//\n  1 a style of fashion and music popular with young people in the 1990s, involving loud electric music and dirty clothes, hair etc:  --grunge rock//\n  2  AmE  informal unpleasant dirt:  --What’s all that grunge in the bathtub?//  -- grungy adj //  --a pair of grungy trainers//


Words: grunt
Meaning:
v   [Language: Old English; Origin: grunettan]//\n  1 [I and T] to make short sounds or say a few words in a rough voice, when you do not want to talk:  --He just grunted and carried on reading his book.//\n  2 [I] if a person or animal grunts, they make short low sounds in their throat:  --Grunting with effort, she lifted me up.//\ngrunt 2 n [C] \n  1 a short low sound that a person or animal makes in their throat:  --Chris gave a grunt and went back to sleep.//\n  2  AmE  informal someone who does hard physical work for low pay:  --We get the grunts to move the crates.//\n  3  AmE  informal a soldier in the infantry:


Words: grunt work
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE  informal   the difficult and uninteresting part of a job//  --These guys do the grunt work in preparing tax returns.//


Words: Gt.
Meaning:
also  Gt BrE adj [only before noun]   the written abbreviation of Great , used in names//  --Gt Britain//


Words: guacamole
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: American Spanish; Origin: Nahuatl, from  ahuacatl  ’avocado’ +  molli  ’sauce’]//  a cold Mexican dish made with crushed avocado//


Words: Guadalcanal
Meaning:
the largest island in the Solomon Islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. There was a lot of fighting on Guadalcanal between Japanese and Allied forces during World War II.//


Words: Guadeloupe
Meaning:
an island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Antigua and Barbuda and north of Dominica. The island is a  dependency of France. Population: 431,170 (2001). Capital: Basse-Terre.//


Words: Guam
Meaning:
an island east of the Philippines that belongs to the US. Population: 157,557 (2001). Capital: Aga[hA172]a.//


Words: Guangzhou
Meaning:
a large city in southern China on the Pearl River, near Hong Kong. Its name in English was Canton.//


Words: guano
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Spanish; Origin: Quechua huanu]//  solid waste from sea birds, put on soil to help plants grow//


Words: guarantee
Meaning:
W3S2   v [T]   ----------//\n   1 :\n   2 legally responsible:\n   3 certain:  ----------//\n  1 :  a) to promise to do something or to promise that something will happen//  guarantee (that)//  --I guarantee you’ll love this film.//  guarantee sb sth//  --If you send the application form in straight away, I can guarantee you an interview.//  guarantee to do sth//  --I cannot guarantee to work for more than a year.//  --The law guarantees equal rights for men and women.//  b) to make a formal written promise to repair or replace a product if it breaks within a specific period of time//  --All our products are fully guaranteed .//  guarantee sth against sth//  --The stereo is guaranteed against failure for a year.//\n  2 LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE:  to promise that you will pay back money that someone else has borrowed, if they do not pay it back themselves//  --The bank will only lend me money if my parents guarantee the loan.//\n  3 CERTAIN:  to make it certain that something will happen//  --In movies, talent by no means guarantees success.//  guarantee that//  --The built-in thermostat guarantees that the water remains at the same temperature all the time.//  be guaranteed to do sth//  --This latest incident is guaranteed to make the situation worse.//  be guaranteed sth//  --Even if you complete your training, you aren’t guaranteed a job.//\nguarantee 2 S2 n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from  guaranty]//\n  1 a formal written promise to repair or replace a product if it breaks within a specific period of time:   warranty//  --They offer a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods.//  come with/carry a guarantee //  --Our computers come with a one year guarantee.//  under guarantee//  --Is your TV under guarantee (=protected by a guarantee) ?//  --a money-back guarantee //\n  2 a formal promise that something will be done:  guarantee of//  --I’m afraid there’s no guarantee of success.//  guarantee that//  --I cannot give a guarantee that there will be no redundancies.//\n  3 :  a) a promise that you will pay back money that someone else has used or borrowed, if they do not pay it themselves//  b) something valuable that you give to someone to keep until you have done something you promised to do//  --The bank is holding the airline’s assets as guarantees.//


Words: guard
Meaning:
W3S3   n   ----------//\n   1 person:\n   2 protection:\n   3 soldiers:\n   4 equipment:\n   5 on a train:\n   6 on your guard:\n   7 catch/throw somebody off guard:\n   8 guard of honour:\n   9 the old guard:\n  10 fighting:\n  11 sport:  ----------//  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: garde]//\n  1 PERSON:   [C] //  a) someone whose job is to protect a place or person//  --There were two security guards on duty outside the building.//  --We were stopped by border guards .//  -- Armed guards were posted by the exit.//  b) someone whose job is to prevent prisoners from escaping//  --The prison guards were reasonably friendly.//\n  2 PROTECTION:   [U] the act or duty of protecting places or people, or of preventing prisoners from escaping//  be on guard//  --Who was on guard the night the fire broke out?//  keep/stand guard (over sb/sth) //  --Gunmen stood guard at the camp entrance.//  be under (police/armed etc) guard (=to be guarded by a group of people) //  --He was taken to hospital, where he is now under police guard.//\n  3 SOLDIERS:  a)  [singular] a group of soldiers who guard someone or something//  --The President has called in the National Guard.//  b)  the Guards//   BrE a group of soldiers who protect the king or queen//\n  4 EQUIPMENT:   [C] something that is used to protect someone or something from damage or injury//  --a face guard//  --a fire guard//\n  5 ON A TRAIN:   [C]  BrE a person whose job is to be in charge of a train//  American Equivalent:  conductor//\n  6  on your guard:  to be paying attention to what is happening in order to avoid danger, being tricked etc//  --These men are dangerous so you’ll need to be on your guard .//  --Something in his tone put her on her guard .//\n  7  catch/throw sb off guard:  to surprise someone by doing something that they are not ready to deal with//  --Senator O’Hare was caught off guard by the question.//\n  8  guard of honour:  a group of people who walk or stand together at a special occasion in order to show respect//  --Police colleagues formed a guard of honour at her funeral.//\n  9  the old guard:  a group of people in an organization who want to do things in the way they were done in the past//  --the Communist old guard//\n  10 FIGHTING:   [singular] the position of holding your arms or hands up in a fight in order to defend yourself//  --He swung at me and I brought my guard up.//\n  11 SPORT:   [C] //  a) one of two players on a basketball team who is responsible for moving the ball to help their team gain points//  b) one of two players on an American football team who plays either side of the centre//\nguard 2 v [T] \n  1 to protect a person, place, or object by staying near them and watching them:  --The Sergeant told Swift to guard the entrance.//  --a lioness guarding her cubs//  guard sb/sth against sth//  --There is no one to guard these isolated farms against attack.//\n  2 to watch a prisoner to prevent them from escaping:\n  3 to protect something such as a right or a secret by preventing other people from taking it away, discovering it etc:  --chiefs who jealously guarded their independence//  --a closely guarded secret //\n  4 to prevent another sports player from gaining points, getting the ball etc:  guard against [guard against sth] phr v//  to prevent something from happening//  --Exercise can guard against a number of illnesses.//  guard against doing sth//  --Nurses should guard against becoming too attached to their patients.//


Words: guard’s van
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE the part of a train where the person in charge of it travels//  American Equivalent:  caboose//


Words: guarded
Meaning:
adj   not giving very much information or showing your feelings about something//   cautious//  --The minister was quite guarded in his comments.//  --He gave the proposal a guarded welcome.//  -- guardedly adv //


Words: guardian
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who is legally responsible for looking after someone else’s child, especially after the child’s parents have died:  sb’s guardian//  --His aunt is his legal guardian .//\n  2  formal someone who guards or protects something:  guardian of//  --The US sees itself as the guardian of democracy.//


Words: guardian angel
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a good spirit who is believed to protect a person or place:\n  2 someone who helps or protects someone else when they are in trouble:


Words: Guardian Angels
Meaning:
an organization whose members try to protect people from being attacked or robbed, especially when they are travelling on underground railways in big cities. The first group was started in New York City, and there are groups in other US cities as well as in other countries. The members wear red  berets (=flat cloth hats)  and do their work without being paid.//


Words: guardrail
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a bar that is intended to prevent people from falling from a bridge, cliff etc:\n  2  AmE a bar that is intended to prevent cars from going off the road in an accident:  British Equivalent:  crash barrier//


Words: Guards
Meaning:
the   a group of  regiments (=large groups of soldiers)  in the British army, originally those who guarded the king or queen//


Words: Guatemala
Meaning:
a country in Central America, between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Population: 12,974,000 (2001). Capital: Guatemala City.//  -- Guatemalan n  adj //


Words: guava
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Spanish; Origin: guayaba, from an  Arawakan language]//  a tropical fruit with pink flesh and a lot of seeds//


Words: gubernatorial
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: gubernator  ’governor’, from  gubernare;   GOVERN]//  relating to the position of being a governor//  --gubernatorial elections//


Words: Guernica
Meaning:
a town in the Basque area of northern Spain, which was destroyed by bombs dropped by German aircraft in 1937, during the Spanish  Civil War. The picture called ’Guernica’ painted by Pablo  Picasso shows the destruction of the town.//


Words: Guernsey
Meaning:
an island in the English Channel near northwest France. Guernsey is one of the Channel Islands. It is popular for holidays and famous as a place where people pay very little tax.//


Words: guerrilla
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Spanish; Origin: guerra  ’war’]//  a member of a small unofficial military group that fights in small groups//  guerrilla war/warfare //  --American troops found themselves fighting a guerrilla war.//  --left-wing guerrillas//  --a guerrilla leader//


Words: guess
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1 [I and T] to try to answer a question or form an opinion when you are not sure whether you will be correct:  --I’d say he’s around 50, but I’m only guessing.//  guess right/correctly/wrong //  --If you guess correctly, you have another turn.//  guess what/who/how etc//  --You can guess what happened next.//  guess at//  --We can only guess at the cause of the crash.//  --What star sign are you? No, let me guess .//  difficult/hard/easy etc to guess //  --It’s hard to guess his age because he dyes his hair.//\n  2 [I and T] to realize that something is true even though you do not know for certain:  guess (that)//  --I guessed that you must be related because you look so similar.//  guess from//  --I guessed from his expression that he already knew about the accident.//  --Can you guess the identity of this week’s special guest?//\n  3  keep sb guessing:  to make someone feel excited or not sure about what will happen next//  --a thriller that keeps audiences guessing//\n  4  I guess:   spoken //  a) used to say that you think something is true or likely, although you are not sure//  --His light’s on, so I guess he’s still up.//  b) used to say that you will do something even though you do not really want to//  --I’m tired, so I guess I’ll stay home tonight.//\n  5  I guess so/not:   spoken used to agree or disagree with a statement or question//  --’You’re one lucky guy.’ ’I guess so.’//  --’I don’t really have any choice, do I?’ ’I guess not.’//\n  6  guess what/you’ll never guess who/what etc:   spoken used before you tell someone something that will surprise them//  --Guess what! Bradley’s resigned.//  --You’ll never guess who I saw today.//    second-guess//\nguess 2 S2 n [C] \n  1 an attempt to answer a question or make a judgement when you are not sure whether you will be correct:  --If I had to  make a guess , I’d say Sam was the youngest. //  -- Does anyone want to  take a guess  at what all this has to do with grammar? //  --I can only  hazard a guess at what it must have been like. //  -- I’ll  give  you  three guesses  who I’m going out with tonight. //  -- It had been a  lucky guess , that was all. //  -- It’s a  good guess , but wrong nonetheless. //  -- Our  best guess  is that the forests will not recover for a long time. //  -- People started making  educated guesses  about the outcome of the election. //  -- I’d say she’s about 35, but that’s only a  rough guess . //  -- My guess is that there won’t be many people there today.//  -- At a guess , she’d had an argument with her boyfriend. see usage note  suppose//\n  2  be anybody’s guess:  to be something that no one knows//  --What she’s going to do with her life now is anybody’s guess.//\n  3  your guess is as good as mine:   spoken used to tell someone that you do not know any more than they do about something//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  make a guess (at something) //  have a guess (at something) British English //  take a guess (at something) American English //  hazard a guess  (=guess something, when you feel very uncertain) //  give somebody three guesses  (=allow someone to guess three times) //  lucky guess //  good guess //  best guess //  educated/informed guess  (=one that is likely to be correct because you have enough information) //  rough guess  (=one that is not exact) //  wild guess  (=one made without much thought) //  my guess is (that)  //  at a guess (=used to show that what you are saying is just a guess) //  ----------//


Words: Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner?
Meaning:
(1967) a US film about a white girl who invites her black boyfriend home to meet her parents. It was one of the first US films to deal with the subject of  racism.//


Words: guesstimate
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: guess +  estimate]//  an attempt to judge a quantity by guessing it//    estimate//  --Could you give us a guesstimate of the numbers involved?//  -- guesstimate/-t[hA369]me[hA366]t/ v  [I and T] //


Words: guesswork
Meaning:
n [U]   the method of trying to find the answer to something by guessing//  --There’s a lot of guesswork in these calculations.//


Words: guest
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 at an event:\n   2 in a house:\n   3 in a hotel:\n   4 on a show:\n   5 be my guest:  ----------//  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gestr]//\n  1 AT AN EVENT:  someone who is invited to an event or special occasion//  --a banquet for 250 distinguished guests//  as sb’s guest//  --You are here as my guests.//  dinner/wedding etc guests //  --Most of the wedding guests had left.//  --Among the invited guests were Jerry Brown and Elihu Harris.//  --The actress was guest of honour  (=the most important guest) at the launch.//  --I’ve nearly finished the guest list for the wedding.//\n  2 IN A HOUSE:  someone you have invited to stay in your home for a short time//  --We have guests staying right now.//    house guest//\n  3 IN A HOTEL:  someone who is paying to stay in a hotel//  --Use of the sauna is free to guests.//\n  4 ON A SHOW:  someone famous who is invited to take part in a show, concert etc, in addition to those who usually take part//  --We have some great guests for you tonight.//  --Fontaine appeared as a guest on the show.//\n  5  be my guest:   spoken used to give someone permission to do what they have asked to do//  --’Do you mind if I look at your notes?’ ’Be my guest.’//\nguest 2 adj [only before noun] \n  1 for guests to use:  --He was still asleep in the guest bedroom.//\n  2 a guest star, speaker etc is someone famous or important who is invited to take part in an event, in addition to the people who usually take part:  --Camfield was lucky in getting Cage and Rampling as guest stars.//  --He will make a special guest appearance on next week’s show.//\nguest 3 v [I]   to take part in a show, concert etc as a guest//  guest on//  --She guested on a comedy show last year.//


Words: guest book
Meaning:
n [C]   a book in which everyone who comes to a formal occasion or stays at a hotel signs their name//


Words: guff
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from the sound of someone talking nonsense]//   informal remarks that are stupid and untrue//   nonsense//  --I don’t believe any of that guff!//


Words: guffaw
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  From the sound]//  to laugh loudly//  --We guffawed at what Graham had written.//  -- guffaw n  [C] //  --The announcement was greeted with loud guffaws.//


Words: Guggenheim Museum
Meaning:
the Guggenheim Museum//   also the Guggenheim //  a museum in New York City that contains an important collection of modern art. It is named after the businessman who established it in 1939, Solomon R. Guggenheim, and is famous for its large circular building designed by Frank Lloyd  Wright. In 1997 a new Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank  Gehry, was opened in Bilbao, Spain.//


Words: GUI
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   graphical user interface a way of showing and organizing information on a computer screen that is easy to use and understand//


Words: guidance
Meaning:
W3   n [U] \n  1 help and advice that is given to someone about their work, education, or personal life:  guidance on/about//  --I went to a counselor for guidance on my career.//  under sb’s expert guidance//  --I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance.//  parental/spiritual etc guidance //  --Children need moral guidance to make their way in the world.//\n  2 the process of directing a missile while it is flying through the air:  --a missile with a sophisticated electronic guidance system//


Words: guide
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 for deciding/judging:\n   2 person:\n   3 instructions:\n   4 girl:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: Old Proven[hA168]al guida]//\n  1 FOR DECIDING/JUDGING:  something that provides information and helps you to form an opinion or make a decision//  --The polls are not a reliable guide of how people will vote.//  --The figures are only a rough guide .//\n  2 PERSON:  a) someone whose job is to take tourists to a place and show them around//  --a tour guide //  --an experienced mountain guide //  b) someone who advises you and influences the way you live//  --my spiritual guide //\n  3 INSTRUCTIONS:  a) a book or piece of writing that provides information on a particular subject or explains how to do something//  guide to//  --a guide to North American birds//  --Follow our step-by-step guide .//  --Details of how to use the various programs are in the user guide .//  b) a guidebook//\n  4 GIRL:   BrE //  a)  the Guides//  the Guides Association, which teaches girls practical skills//    scout//  b) a member of the Guides Association//\nguide 2 v [T] \n  1 to take someone to a place:   lead//  guide sb along/through etc//  --He guided us through the narrow streets to the central mosque. see usage note  direct2 //\n  2 to help someone or something to move in a particular direction:  guide sb/sth into/towards etc//  --He guided her firmly towards the sofa.//  --Searchlights were used to guide the ship into the harbour.//\n  3 to influence someone’s behaviour or ideas:  --Teenagers need adults to guide them.//\n  4 to show someone the right way to do something, especially something difficult or complicated:  guide sb through sth//  --Guide your students through the program one section at a time.//


Words: guided tour
Meaning:
n [C]   if someone takes you on a guided tour, they show you around a place of interest and tell you all about it//  guided tour of/around/round//  --You will be taken on a guided tour of the palace.//


Words: guideline
Meaning:
n [C usually plural] \n  1 rules or instructions about the best way to do something:  guideline for//  --a new set of guidelines for teachers//  guideline on//  --guidelines on the employment of children//  draw up/issue guidelines //  --The hospital has issued new guidelines on the treatment of mentally ill patients.//  --This chapter gives you some guidelines to help you in your work.//  clear/strict guidelines //  --Today most planning authorities enforce fairly strict guidelines on new houses.//\n  2 something that helps you form an opinion or make a decision:  --When starting a new business, try to follow these general guidelines .//  within ... guidelines//  --Teachers can choose books within certain broad guidelines.//


Words: guiding
Meaning:
adj \n  1  guiding principle:  something that helps you decide what to do in a difficult situation//  --Fairness, rather than efficiency, is the guiding principle.//\n  2  guiding light/hand/star:  someone whose ideas and advice people follow//  --Eddie was his hero - his guiding light.//  --He really needed a guiding hand.//


Words: Guiding Light
Meaning:
a US television soap opera, which began as a radio show in 1937 and moved on to television in 1952, and is now the longest running drama. It tells of the lives of people who live in the fictional town of Springfield.//


Words: guild
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gildi  ’payment, guild’]//  an organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests//  --the Women’s Guild//


Words: guilder
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Dutch; Origin: gulden  ’gold coin’]//  the standard unit of money used in the Netherlands before the Euro//


Words: guile
Meaning:
n [U]  formal   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French]//  the use of clever but dishonest methods to deceive someone//   cunning//  --With a little guile she might get what she wanted.//  -- guileful adj //


Words: guillotine
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: , from Joseph  Guillotin (1738-1814), French doctor who invented it]//\n  1 a piece of equipment used to cut off the heads of criminals, especially in France in the past:\n  2  BrE a piece of equipment used to cut large sheets of paper:\n  3  BrE the setting of a time limit on a discussion in the British parliament:  --Opposition leaders accused the government of introducing a guillotine motion to stifle debate.//\nguillotine 2 v [T] \n  1 to cut off someone’s head using a guillotine:\n  2  BrE to limit the period of time allowed for the discussion of a possible new law in the British parliament:


Words: guilt
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gylt]//\n  1 a strong feeling of shame and sadness because you know that you have done something wrong:  --He used to buy them expensive presents, out of guilt.//  guilt about/at/over//  --Don’t you have any  feelings of guilt  about leaving David?//  -- He felt an enormous  sense of guilt  when he thought about how he’d treated her. //  -- I was  racked with guilt  at my part in making her this unhappy. //  -- Sometimes I felt little  pangs of guilt .//\n  2 the fact that you have broken an official law or moral rule:  → innocence//  --He made no attempt to deny his guilt.//\n  3 responsibility and blame for something bad that has happened:  guilt for//  --Guilt for poorly behaved children usually lies with the parents.//\n  4  be on a guilt trip:   informal to have a feeling of guilt about something when it is unreasonable//\n  5  lay a guilt trip on sb:   AmE  informal to make someone feel bad about something//  --I wish my parents would stop laying a guilt trip on me for not going to college.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  feeling/sense of guilt //  consumed/overwhelmed/racked with/by guilt  (=feeling very guilty) //  pang/twinge/stab of guilt  (=a sudden feeling of guilt) //  guilt complex  (=when you cannot stop feeling very guilty) //  burden of guilt (=a strong feeling of guilt) //  ----------//\nguilt 2 v   guilt into [guilt sb into sth] phr v//  to make someone feel guilty, so they will do what you want//  guilt sb into doing sth//  --Her parents guilted her into not going to the concert.//


Words: guilty
Meaning:
W3S2   adj   ----------//\n   1 ashamed:\n   2 of a crime:\n   3 :\n   4 the guilty party:  ----------//\n  1 ASHAMED:  feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that you have done something wrong//  guilty about/at//  --I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday again.//  --She looked self-conscious and guilty.//  --It was his guilty conscience that made him offer to help.//\n  2 OF A CRIME:  having done something that is a crime//  → innocent//  guilty of//  --The jury found her guilty of murder.//  --He was found not guilty of the death of PC Jones.//  --He pleaded guilty to two charges of theft.//\n  3 responsible for behaviour that is morally or socially unacceptable:  be guilty of doing sth//  --Some journalists are guilty of reporting scandal in order to sell papers.//\n  4  the guilty party:   formal the person who has done something illegal or wrong//  -- guiltily adv //


Words: Guinea
Meaning:
a country in West Africa between Senegal and Sierra Leone. Population: 7,614,000 (2001). Capital: Conakry. Guinea used to belong to France.//  -- Guinean n  adj //


Words: guinea
Meaning:
n [C]   a British gold coin or unit of money used in the past, worth one pound and one shilling ([hA124]1.05). Prices are sometimes still given in guineas when buying or selling racehorses.//


Words: guinea pig
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Guinea, probably by mistake for  Guiana, earlier name of  Guyana]//\n  1 a small furry animal with short ears and no tail, which is often kept as a pet:\n  2 someone who is used in a scientific test to see how successful or safe a new product, system etc is:


Words: Guinea-Bissau
Meaning:
a small country in West Africa between Guinea and Senegal. Population: 1,316,000 (2001). Capital: Bissau. Guinea-Bissau used to belong to Portugal.//


Words: Guinness
Meaning:
trademark   a type of  stout (=a strong dark beer) , originally made in Ireland, which has a creamy white  froth on top of it when it is poured into a glass//


Words: Guinness Book of Records
Meaning:
The  trademark   a book produced every year, which contains facts about people, events, and things that are the biggest, fastest, longest, shortest etc//


Words: guise
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French]//   formal the way someone or something appears to be, which hides the truth or is only temporary//  in/under the guise of sth//  --They operated a drug-smuggling business under the guise of an employment agency.//  --It’s the same ideas in a different guise.//


Words: guitar
Meaning:
W3   n [C]   guitar, guitar, acoustic, electric//  [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: guitare, from  Spanish guitarra, from  Arabic qitar, from  Greek kithara type of stringed instrument]//  a musical instrument with six strings that you play by pulling the strings with your fingers or with a plectrum (=small piece of plastic, metal etc) //  an acoustic/an electric/a classical guitar //


Words: gulag
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Russian; Origin: Glavnoe Upravlenie Ispravitel’no-trudovykh Lagerei  ’Chief Directorate of Labor Camps’]//  one of a group of prison camps in the former USSR, where conditions were very bad//


Words: gulch
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  gulch  ’to swallow’ (13-19 centuries)]//  a narrow deep valley formed in the past by flowing water, but usually dry now//


Words: gulf
Meaning:
W3   n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: golfe, from  Greek kolpos  ’arms folded around, bay’]//\n  1 a large area of sea partly enclosed by land:  --the Gulf of Mexico//\n  2  the Gulf:  the Arabian Gulf, or the countries next to it//  --the smaller Gulf states //\n  3 a great difference and lack of understanding between two groups of people, especially in their beliefs, opinions, and way of life:   gap//  gulf between//  --the huge gulf between management and unions//  --a growing gulf between old and young//


Words: Gulf of Mexico
Meaning:
the Gulf of Mexico//  an area of the Atlantic Ocean south of the US, east of Mexico, and west of Cuba//


Words: Gulf States
Meaning:
the Gulf States//  a) the small Arab countries on the Gulf, all of which produce oil and gas. These are Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.//  b)  AmE the US states whose coasts are on the Gulf of Mexico. These are Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.//


Words: Gulf Stream
Meaning:
n   the Gulf Stream//  a current of warm water that flows across the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe//


Words: Gulf War
Meaning:
the   a war which began in 1991, after Iraq attacked Kuwait and took control of it. A United Nations force led by the US, and including soldiers from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UK, and France, attacked Iraq and forced the Iraqi army out of Kuwait.//


Words: Gulf War Syndrome
Meaning:
one or more illnesses suffered by soldiers who fought in the Gulf War, which some people believe may have been caused by chemicals or drugs used in the war. The most common illnesses are head pains, damage to the memory, and permanent tiredness.//


Words: gull
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  From a  Celtic language.]//  a large common black and white sea bird that lives near the sea//   seagull//


Words: gullet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: goulet, from  goule  ’throat’, from  Latin gula]//  the tube at the back of your mouth through which food goes down your throat//


Words: gullible
Meaning:
adj   too ready to believe what other people tell you, so that you are easily tricked//  --Plastic replicas of the Greek pottery are sold to gullible tourists.//  -- gullibility/g[hA356]l[hA369]b[hA366]l[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: Gulliver’s Travels
Meaning:
(1726) a book by Jonathan  Swift which is a  satire (=a humorous criticism)  on Britain in the 18th century. Each of the imaginary lands that the main character Gulliver visits shows how unreasonable the British government, British customs, wars etc really are. The most famous part of the book is Gulliver’s visit to the country of  Lilliput, where all the people and buildings are very small.//


Words: gully
Meaning:
n   plural  gullies  [C] //  [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: gully  ’throat’ (1500-1600), probably from  gullet]//\n  1 a small narrow valley, usually formed by a lot of rain flowing down the side of a hill:\n  2 a deep ditch:


Words: gulp
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from  Middle Dutch gulpen  ’to swallow’]//\n  1  also gulp down :   [T] to swallow large quantities of food or drink quickly//   bolt//  --She gulped down her breakfast and ran for the bus.//\n  2 [I] to swallow suddenly because you are surprised or nervous:  --I gulped when I saw the bill.//\n  3  also gulp in :   [T] to breathe in large amounts of air quickly//  --We rushed outside and gulped in the sweet fresh air.//\n  4  be gulping for air:  to breathe in large amounts of air quickly because you do not have enough air in your body//  gulp back [gulp sth → back] phr v//  to stop yourself from expressing your feelings//  --Sandra tried to gulp back her tears.//\ngulp 2 n [C] \n  1 a large amount of something that you swallow quickly, or the action of swallowing:  gulp of//  --He took a huge gulp of brandy.//  in one gulp/at a gulp //  --Charlie drank the whisky in one gulp.//\n  2 a large amount of air that you breathe in quickly:  --gulps of fresh air//


Words: gum
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1; Origin: Old English goma]//  [Sense: 2-5; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gomme, from  Greek kommi, from  Egyptian qmy.t]//  [Sense: 6; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: God]//\n  1 [C usually plural] your gums are the two areas of firm pink flesh at the top and bottom of your mouth, in which your teeth are fixed:\n  2 [U]  chewing gum:\n  3 [U]  BrE a type of glue used to stick light things such as paper together:\n  4 [U] a sticky substance found in the stems of some trees:\n  5 [C] a gum tree:\n  6  by gum!:   spoken  old-fashioned used to express surprise//\ngum 2   past tense and past participle  gummed present participle  gumming  v [T always + adverb/preposition] //   BrE  old-fashioned to stick things together using glue//   glue//  gum sth to sth//  --A large label had been gummed to the back of the photograph.//  gum up [gum sth → up] phr v//  to prevent a machine from moving and working properly//  --Dirt had got inside the watch and gummed up the works.//


Words: gum tree
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a tall tree which produces a strong-smelling oil that is used in medicine:   eucalyptus//\n  2  be up a gum tree:   BrE  informal to be in a very difficult situation//


Words: gumbo
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Louisiana French; Origin: gombo, from a  Bantu language]//\n  1 a thick soup made with meat, fish, and okra (=a small green vegetable) :\n  2 a word used in some parts of the US for okra:


Words: gumboot
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  old-fashioned   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gum  ’rubber’ +  boot]//  a tall boot made of rubber that you wear to keep your feet dry//   wellington boot//


Words: gummy
Meaning:
adj \n  1 sticky or covered in glue:\n  2 a gummy smile shows the gums in someone’s mouth when they have no teeth:


Words: gumption
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from  gome  ’attention’ (13-19 centuries), from  Old Norse gaumr]//  the ability and determination to decide what needs to be done and to do it//  --At least she had the gumption to phone me.//


Words: gumshoe
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE  old-fashioned   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gumshoe  ’rubber shoe’ (19-20 centuries); because detectives walk quietly]//  a detective//


Words: gun
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from  Gunnilda, a woman’s name, from  Old Norse Gunnhildr]//\n  1 a metal weapon which shoots bullets or shells:  have/hold/carry a gun //  --I could see he was carrying a gun.//  --I’ve never fired a gun in my life.//  --Jake was pointing a gun at the door.//  --Two policemen were killed in a gun battle last night.//\n  2  put/hold a gun to sb’s head:  a) to put a gun very close to someone’s head to shoot them or to force them to do something//  --He put a gun to her head and told the cashier to hand over the money.//  b) to force someone to do something they do not want to do//  --You chose to live here. Nobody put a gun to your head.//\n  3 a tool that forces out small objects or a liquid by pressure:  --a paint gun//  --a nail gun//    flashgun,  spray gun//\n  4  also starting pistol :  a gun which is fired into the air at the start of a race//\n  5  AmE  informal  big/top gun:  someone who is very important within an organization//  --Jed wanted to impress a Harvard professor and some other big guns.//\n  6  hired gun:   AmE  informal someone who is paid to shoot someone else//\n  7  with all guns blazing:  if you do something with all guns blazing, you do it with a lot of energy, determination, and noise//    son of a gun,  stick to your guns at stick1 ,  jump the gun at jump1 (11),  be going great guns at great1 (11),  spike sb’s guns at spike2 (6)//\ngun 2 v   past tense and past participle  gunned present participle  gunning //\n  1  be gunning for sb:   informal to be trying to find an opportunity to criticize or harm someone//  --Why is he gunning for me?//\n  2  be gunning for sth:   informal to be trying very hard to obtain something//  --He’s gunning for your job.//\n  3 [T]  AmE  informal to make the engine of a car go very fast by pressing the accelerator very hard:  gun down [gun sb → down] phr v//  to shoot someone and badly injure or kill them, especially someone who cannot defend themselves//  --A policeman was gunned down as he left his house this morning.//


Words: gun dog
Meaning:
n [C]   a dog that is trained to find and bring back dead birds that have been shot for sport//  American Equivalent:  bird dog//


Words: gun-running
Meaning:
n [U]   the activity of taking guns into a country secretly and illegally, especially so that they can be used by people who want to fight against their government//  -- gun-runner n  [C] //


Words: gunboat
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a small ship that carries several large guns:\n  2  gunboat diplomacy:  the practice of threatening to use force against another country to make them agree to your demands//


Words: gunfire
Meaning:
n [U]   the repeated shooting of guns, or the noise made by this//  --I heard a burst of distant gunfire .//  --Two men were shot in an exchange of gunfire with the police.//


Words: gung-ho
Meaning:
adj  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Chinese; Origin: gonghe, from  jongguo gongye hozo she  ’Chinese Industrial Cooperatives Society’, used as a battle cry (meaning "work together") by U.S. soldiers in World War II]//  very eager to do something dangerous or violent//  --The sporting opportunities here should suit the most gung-ho of tourists.//


Words: gunge
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps suggesting stickiness, or perhaps from  goo +  sponge]//  any substance that is dirty, sticky, or unpleasant//  American Equivalent:  gunk//  -- gungy adj //\ngunge 2 v   be gunged up with sth//   BrE  informal to be blocked with a dirty sticky substance//  --The waste pipe is all gunged up.//


Words: gunk
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Gunk, a trademark for a type of soap]//  any substance that is dirty, sticky, or unpleasant//  British Equivalent:  gunge//  -- gunky adj //\ngunk 2 v   be gunked up (with sth)//   AmE  informal to be blocked with a dirty sticky substance//  --Here’s your problem. The fuel line’s all gunked up.//


Words: gunmetal
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 a dull grey-coloured metal which is a mixture of copper, tin, and zinc:\n  2 a dull blue-grey colour:


Words: gunner
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a soldier, sailor etc whose job is to aim or shoot a large gun:\n  2 a soldier in the British artillery (=part of the army which uses heavy guns) :  --Gunner Smith//


Words: gunnysack
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gunny type of rough cloth  (18-20 centuries) (from  Hindi gani) +  sack]//  a large bag made from rough material and used for storing grain, coal, potatoes etc//


Words: gunpoint
Meaning:
n   at gunpoint//  while threatening someone or being threatened with a gun//  --She was held at gunpoint for 37 hours.//


Words: Gunpowder Plot
Meaning:
the   a plan by English Catholics led by Guy Fawkes to kill King James I and destroy Parliament by blowing it up with explosives on November 5th 1605. The plan failed when one of the Catholics warned a relative not to attend Parliament that day and all the people in the Plot were caught and killed. People in the UK remember the event every November 5th on  Guy Fawkes’ Night.//


Words: gunshot
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] the action of shooting a gun, or the sound that this makes:  --She says she heard a gunshot at about midnight.//\n  2 [U] the bullets fired from a gun:  -- gunshot wounds //


Words: gunwale
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: gun +  wale  ’band’ (11-20 centuries) (from  Old English walu); because it was once used to support guns]//  the upper edge of the side of a boat or small ship//


Words: guppy
Meaning:
n   plural  guppies  [C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  R. J. L.  Guppy (1836-1916), Trinidadian priest who discovered it]//  a small brightly-coloured tropical fish//


Words: gurgle
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from the sound]//\n  1 if water gurgles, it flows along gently with a pleasant low sound:   burble//  --We could hear the stream gurgling down in the valley.//\n  2 if a baby gurgles, it makes a happy low sound in its throat:\ngurgle 2 n [C] \n  1 the happy low sound that someone makes in their throat:  --a gurgle of laughter//\n  2 the pleasant low sound of water moving along gently:


Words: Gurkhas
Meaning:
the   a  regiment (=a large group of soldiers)  in the British army. Gurkhas come from Nepal, and are very brave fighters.//


Words: gurney
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Gurney cab  (19-20 centuries), a type of horse-drawn vehicle invented by J. T.  Gurney of Boston, Massachusetts]//  a long narrow table with wheels used for moving sick people in a hospital//


Words: guru
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Hindi; Origin: Sanskrit]//\n  1  informal someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, and gives advice to other people:  --a management guru//  --a fashion guru//\n  2 a Hindu religious teacher or leader:


Words: gush
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from the sound]//\n  1 :  a)  [I always + adverb/preposition] if a liquid gushes, it flows or pours out quickly and in large quantities//   spurt//  gush out/from/down etc//  --Water gushed from the broken pipe.//  --He opened the door and smoke gushed out.//  b)  [T] if something gushes a liquid, the liquid pours out quickly and in large quantities//   spurt//  --The wound gushed blood.//\n  2 [I and T] to express your praise, pleasure etc in a way that other people think is too strong:  --’I simply loved your book,’ she gushed.//\n  3  also gush out :   [I] if words or emotions gush out, you suddenly express them very strongly//  --All that pent up frustration gushed out in a torrent of abuse.//\ngush 2 n \n  1 [C usually singular] a large quantity of something, usually a liquid, that suddenly pours out of something:   spurt//  --a gush of ice-cold water//\n  2  a gush of relief/self pity etc:  a sudden feeling or expression of emotion//


Words: gusher
Meaning:
n [C]   a place in the ground where oil or water comes out very forcefully, so that a pump is not needed//


Words: gushing
Meaning:
informal   expressing praise, pleasure etc in a way that other people think is too strong//  --the gushing praise of the New York critics//  -- gushingly adv //


Words: gusset
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: gousset]//  a piece of material that is stitched into a piece of clothing to make it stronger, wider, or more comfortable in a particular place//


Words: gussy
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gussied present participle  gussying third person singular  gussies //  gussy up [gussy sb/sth → up] phr v//  [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  gussie  ’weak or stupid man’ (19-20 centuries), from the male or female name  Gussie]//  to make someone look attractive by dressing them in their best clothes, or to make something look attractive by decorating it//  --All the girls will be gussied up for the party.//


Words: gust
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gustr]//\n  1 a sudden strong movement of wind, air, rain etc:  gust of//  --A sudden gust of wind blew the door shut.//  --Gusts of up to 200 kph may be experienced.//\n  2  gust of laughter:  a sound of loud laughter//  --Gusts of laughter came from the nextdoor room.//\ngust 2 v [I]   if the wind gusts, it blows strongly with sudden short movements//  --winds gusting at up to 45 miles per hour//


Words: gusto
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: Latin gustus  ’taste, liking’, from  gustare;   GUSTATORY]//  with gusto//  if you do something with gusto, you do it with a lot of eagerness and energy//  --They sang hymns with great gusto.//


Words: gut
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 gut reaction/feeling/instinct:\n   2 courage:\n   3 inside your body:\n   4 stomach:\n   5 string:\n   6 machine/equipment:\n   7 most important parts:\n   8 at gut level:\n   9 I’ll have somebody’s guts for garters:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: guttas (plural)]//\n  1  gut reaction/feeling/instinct:   informal a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it//  --He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying.//\n  2 COURAGE:   guts [plural]  informal the courage and determination you need to do something difficult or unpleasant//  --It takes guts to start a new business on your own.//  have the guts (to do sth)//  --No-one had the guts to tell Paul what a mistake he was making.//\n  3 INSIDE YOUR BODY:  a)  guts [plural] all the organs in someone’s body, especially when they have come out of their body//  --There were blood and guts all over the place.//  b)  [C] the tube through which food passes from your stomach//   intestine//  --It can take 72 hours for food to pass through the gut.//\n  4 STOMACH:   [C]  informal someone’s stomach, especially when it is large//   belly//  --He felt as if someone had just kicked him in the gut.//  --Phil has a huge beer gut  (=unattractive fat stomach caused by drinking too much beer) .//\n  5 STRING:   [U] a type of strong string made from the intestine of an animal, and used for musical instruments such as violins//    catgut//\n  6 MACHINE/EQUIPMENT:   guts [plural]  informal the parts inside a machine or piece of equipment//\n  7 MOST IMPORTANT PARTS:   guts [plural]  informal the most important or basic parts of something//  guts of//  --the guts of the problem//\n  8  at gut level:  if you know something at gut level, you feel sure about it, though you could not give a reason for it//  --She knew at gut level that he was guilty.//\n  9  I’ll have sb’s guts for garters:   BrE  informal used to say that you would like to punish someone severely for something they have done//    blood-and-guts,  bust a gut at bust1 (3),  hate sb’s guts at hate1 (2),  spill your guts at spill1 (4)//\ngut 2   past tense and past participle  gutted present participle  gutting  v [T] //\n  1 [usually passive] to completely destroy the inside of a building, especially by fire:  --The building was completely gutted by fire.//\n  2 to remove the organs from inside a fish or animal in order to prepare it for cooking:\n  3 to change something by removing some of the most important or central parts:    gutted//


Words: Gutenberg Bible
Meaning:
the   a Bible which was the first book ever printed in Europe using movable  type. This method of printing was invented by Johannes Gutenberg (1397-1468), and the Bible was printed in about 1455.//


Words: Guthrie
Meaning:
Woody   (1912-67) a US  folk singer and songwriter who is famous for his songs against war. He was greatly admired by younger folk singers in the 1960s, including Bob Dylan.//


Words: gutless
Meaning:
adj  informal   lacking courage or determination//   spineless//  --I should have had the support of my team, but they were really gutless.//


Words: gutsy
Meaning:
adj  informal \n  1 if someone’s behaviour is gutsy, it is brave and determined:  --It was a gutsy performance by McTaggart.//\n  2 if something is gutsy, it is strong and interesting:  --a gutsy, full-bodied wine//


Words: gutted
Meaning:
adj \n  1 seriously damaged or completely destroyed:  --We drove slowly past the gutted buildings.//\n  2  BrE  spoken very shocked or disappointed:   devastated//  --I was gutted when I lost my job.//


Words: gutter
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: goutiere, from  goute  ’drop’;   GOUT]//\n  1 [C] the low part at the edge of a road where water collects and flows away:  --The gutters were blocked and overflowing.//  chimney, gutter//\n  2 [C] an open pipe fixed to the edge of a roof to collect and carry away rain water:\n  3  the gutter:  the bad social conditions of the lowest and poorest level of society//  --Men like him usually ended up in jail - or the gutter.//\n  4  the gutter press:   BrE the newspapers that print shocking stories about people’s personal lives - used to show disapproval//    tabloid//\ngutter 2 v [I]    literary if a candle gutters, it burns with an unsteady flame//


Words: guttering
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   the open pipes that are fixed to the edge of the roof of a house to collect and carry away rain water//


Words: guttersnipe
Meaning:
n [C]  old-fashioned   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  GUTTER1 +   SNIPE2]//  a dirty untidy badly-behaved child from a poor home//


Words: guttural
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: gutturalis, from  Latin guttur  ’throat’]//  a guttural voice or sound is or seems to be produced deep in someone’s throat//   throaty//


Words: guv
Meaning:
n  BrE  spoken   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: guvnor]//  used by men, as a way of talking to a male customer in a shop, taxi etc//  --Where to, guv?//


Words: guvnor
Meaning:
guv’nor/g[hA356]vn[hA353] $ -[hA353]r/ n  BrE  spoken  old-fashioned  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: governor]//\n  1 [C] a man who is in a position of authority over you, usually your employer:  --You’ll have to speak to the guvnor about that.//\n  2 used as a way of talking to a man of a higher social class than you:


Words: guy
Meaning:
n [C]   [Sense: 1-2, 4-5; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Guy Fawkes (1570-1606), who tried to blow up the English parliament.]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from  Dutch gei  ’type of rope’]//\n  1  informal a man:   bloke//  --Dave’s a nice guy when you get to know him.//  --Jake’s a real tough guy.//\n  2  BrE a model of a man burnt every year on Guy Fawkes’ Night, in Britain:\n  3  also guy rope :  a rope that stretches from the top or side of a tent or pole to the ground to keep it in the right position//\n  4  guys [plural]  AmE  spoken used when talking to or about a group of people, male or female:  --Hey you guys! Where are you going?//\n  5  no more Mr Nice Guy!:   spoken used to say that you will stop trying to behave honestly and fairly//    wise guy at wise1 (5)//


Words: Guy Fawkes’ Night
Meaning:
n  BrE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Guy Fawkes (1570-1606), one of the men who tried to blow up the English parliament in 1605]//  November 5th, when people in Britain light fireworks and burn a guy on a fire//   bonfire night//


Words: Guyana
Meaning:
a country in northeast South America on the Atlantic Ocean, between Venezuela and Surinam. Population: 697,181 (2001). Capital: Georgetown. The country used to belong to the UK and was called British Guiana. It is the only English-speaking country in South America.//  -- Guyanese n  adj //


Words: guzzle
Meaning:
v [I and T]  informal   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French gosillier  ’to talk a lot, vomit’]//\n  1 to eat or drink a lot of something, eagerly and quickly - usually showing disapproval:    scoff//  --They’ve been guzzling beer all evening.//\n  2 if a vehicle guzzles petrol, it uses a lot of it in a wasteful way:    gas-guzzler//


Words: Gwyn
Meaning:
Nell   (?1650-87) an English actress who became the lover of King  Charles II. She sold oranges on the streets of London, and is often shown in pictures carrying a basket of oranges.//


Words: gym
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gymnasium]//\n  1 [C] a special building or room that has equipment for doing physical exercise:   gymnasium//  at/in a gym//  --I try and work out at the local gym once a week.//  --I go to the gym as often as I can.//\n  2 [U] exercises that people do indoors for physical development and as a sport, especially at school:  --We’ve got gym this afternoon.//  --Where’s my gym kit ?//


Words: gym shoe
Meaning:
n [C]   a light shoe with a cloth top and a flat rubber bottom that children wear for games and sport at school//  British Equivalent:  plimsoll//


Words: gymnasium
Meaning:
n [C]  formal   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek gymnasion, from  gymnazein  ’to exercise with no clothes on’, from  gymnos  ’naked’]//  a gym//


Words: gymnast
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: gymnaste, from  Greek gymnazein;   GYMNASIUM]//  someone who is good at gymnastics and competes against other people in gymnastic competitions//


Words: gymnastics
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 a sport involving physical exercises and movements that need skill, strength, and control, and that are often performed in competitions:  --a gymnastics display//  --We don’t do gymnastics at school.//\n  2  mental/intellectual/moral gymnastics:  very clever thinking//\n  3  verbal/linguistic gymnastics:  using words in a very clever way//  -- gymnastic adj //  --The girls went through their gymnastic routine.//


Words: gymslip
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a type of dress without sleeves that girls wore in the past over a shirt as a part of their school uniform//


Words: gynaecology
Meaning:
BrE  gynecology AmE   n [U]   the study and treatment of medical conditions and illnesses that affect only women, and usually relating to a woman’s ability to have babies//  -- gynaecologist n  [C] //  -- gynaecological/ga[hA366]n[hA369]k[hA353]l[hA361]d[hA360][hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B] $ -l[hA35A][hA359]-/ adj //


Words: gyp
Meaning:
n  informal \n  1  give sb gyp:   BrE //  a) to be painful//  --My bad leg is really giving me gyp today.//  b) to punish someone or be angry with them because of something they have done//\n  2 [singular]  AmE :  a) something that you were tricked into buying//  b) a situation in which you feel you have been cheated//  --What a gyp!//\ngyp 2   past tense and past participle  gypped present participle  gypping  v [T]  AmE  informal //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  gypsy]//  to cheat someone//  --Ten bucks? You’ve been gypped!//


Words: gypsum
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek gypsos]//  a soft white substance that is used to make plaster of Paris//


Words: gypsy
Meaning:
also  gipsy/d[hA360][hA366]psi/ n   plural  gypsies  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Egyptian]//\n  1 a member of a group of people originally from India, who traditionally live and travel around in caravans, and who now live all over the world. Most gypsies prefer to be called romanies:    traveller//\n  2 someone who does not like to stay in the same place for a long time:


Words: gyrate
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Late Latin; Origin: , past participle of  gyrare, from  Latin gyrus  ’circle’]//\n  1 [I and T] to turn around fast in circles:   spin//  --The dancers gyrated wildly to the beat of the music.//\n  2 [I] if the value of money in business gyrates, it moves up and down a lot:    fluctuate//  --Stock and bond markets have gyrated in recent weeks.//  -- gyration/d[hA360]a[hA366]re[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U and C] //


Words: gyroscope
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Greek gyros  ’ring, circle’; because it was originally used to show how the Earth turns]//  a wheel that spins inside a frame and is used for keeping ships and aircraft steady. It can also be a child’s toy.//  -- gyroscopic/d[hA360]a[hA366]r[hA353]sk[hA361]p[hA366]k[hA36B] $ -sk[hA35A][hA359]-/ adj //


Words: H
Meaning:
h/e[hA366]t[hA35D]/ n   plural  H’s  h’s  [U and C] //  the eighth letter of the English alphabet//    aitch//    H-bomb//


Words: ha
Meaning:
interjection   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  A natural sound]//  used when you are surprised or have discovered something interesting//  --Ha! I thought it might be you hiding there!//


Words: ha-ha
Meaning:
interjection \n  1 used in writing to represent a shout of laughter:\n  2  spoken used, sometimes angrily, to show that you do not think something is funny:  --Oh, very funny, John, ha ha.//


Words: habeas corpus
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: ’you should have the body’ (the first words on the document which demands that the person should be allowed to come to court)]//   law a law which says that a person can only be kept in prison following a court’s decision//


Words: haberdasher
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from  Anglo-French hapertas  ’small goods for sale’]//   old-fashioned a shopkeeper who sells haberdashery//


Words: haberdashery
Meaning:
n   plural  haberdasheries //\n  1 [C]  BrE a shop or part of a large store where things used for making clothes are sold:\n  2 [C]  AmE  old-fashioned a shop or part of a large store where men’s clothes, especially hats, are sold:\n  3 [U] the goods sold in these shops:


Words: habit
Meaning:
W3S3   n   ----------//\n   1 usual/regular:\n   2 drugs:\n   3 not make a habit of (doing) something:\n   4 I’m not in the habit of doing something:\n   5 have a habit of doing something:\n   6 old habits die hard:\n   7 habit of thought/mind:\n   8 clothing:  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin habitus  ’condition, character’, from  habere  ’to have’]//\n  1 USUAL/REGULAR:   [U and C] something that you do regularly or usually, often without thinking about it because you have done it so many times before//  --Regular exercise is a  good habit  for kids to develop.//  --Thinking negatively can  become a habit . //  --Jeff  was in the habit of  taking a walk after dinner. //  --She has a habit of playing with her hair when she’s nervous.//  -- Since I stopped taking lessons, I’ve  got out of the habit of  practising my saxophone. //  --Try to  break the  habit  of adding salt to your food at the table.//  -- Why  break the habit of a lifetime  and start being cautious now?//  -- Some people drink alcohol as much  from habit  as from desire. //  --’Hello, Miss Smith.’ - ’I’m Mrs Jones now.’ - ’Sorry,  force of habit .’ //  -- the  spending habits  of the average British woman //\n  2 DRUGS:   [C] a strong physical need to keep taking a drug regularly//  --A lot of drug addicts get into petty crime to support their habit.//  heroin/cocaine etc habit //  --His cocaine habit ruined him physically and financially.//\n  3  not make a habit of (doing) sth:   spoken used to say that someone does not usually do something bad or wrong, or should not do it again//  --I don’t make a habit of this sort of thing.//  --You’re ten minutes late. I hope you’re not going to make a habit of this.//\n  4  I’m not in the habit of doing sth:   spoken used when you are annoyed, to say that you would not do something//  --I’m not in the habit of lying to my friends.//\n  5  have a habit of doing sth:  if something has a habit of doing something, it usually or often does it - used humorously//  --Life has a habit of springing surprises.//\n  6  old habits die hard:  used to say that it is difficult to make people change their attitudes or behaviour//  --She knew it probably wasn’t necessary any more, but old habits die hard.//\n  7  habit of thought/mind:  the way someone usually thinks about something, or their usual attitudes//\n  8 CLOTHING:   [C] a long loose piece of clothing worn by people in some religious groups//  --a nun’s habit//    a creature of habit at creature(3)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  good/bad habit //  become a habit //  be in the habit of doing something  also  have a/the habit of doing something (=do something regularly) //  get into/in the habit (of doing something)  (=start doing something regularly) //  get out of the habit (of doing something)  (=stop doing something regularly) //  develop/form a habit //  change a habit //  break/kick a habit (=stop doing something which is bad for you) //  change/break the habit(s) of a lifetime  (=stop doing what you have done for many years) //  out of habit/from habit  (=because it is a habit) //  (by/from) force of habit  (=because it is a habit which is difficult to change) //  eating/drinking habits (=the kinds of things you eat or drink regularly) //  buying/spending habits (=the kinds of things you buy regularly) //  viewing habits  (=the kind of television shows you regularly watch) //  social habits //  WORD CHOICE: habit, custom, tradition, practice //  A  habit  is something that you do often, because you have done it many times before. //  Do not use  habit  when you are talking about actions or ways of doing things that have existed among a group of people for a very long time. Use  tradition  or  custom .  //  Use  tradition  when the thing you are referring to has existed for many years, especially when it has been passed down from parents to children : It is a tradition in his family for all first-born males to be called Peter. Use  custom  to refer to something that is considered normal or polite, especially when you are talking about other countries or other times : the Japanese custom of taking off your shoes when you enter someone’s house Use  practice  to talk about the usual way of doing something in a particular area of life : the practice of killing animals for their fur //  ----------//


Words: habit-forming
Meaning:
adj   a drug or activity that is habit-forming makes you want to keep taking it, keep doing it etc//


Words: habitat
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: ’it lives in a place’, from  habitare;   HABITATION]//  the natural home of a plant or animal//  --watching monkeys in their natural habitat //  --The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers.//


Words: habitation
Meaning:
n  formal   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin, from  habitare  ’to live in a place’, from  habere;   HABIT]//\n  1  unfit for human habitation:  a building that is unfit for human habitation is not safe or healthy for people to live in//\n  2 [U] the act of living in a place:  --There was no sign of habitation as far as the eye could see.//\n  3 [C] a house or place to live in:


Words: habitual
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [only before noun] doing something from habit, and unable to stop doing it:  habitual criminal/offender/felon etc //  habitual drinker/gambler etc //\n  2 done as a habit that you cannot stop:  --His drinking had become habitual.//\n  3 [only before noun] usual or typical of someone:  --James took his habitual morning walk around the garden.//  -- habitually adv //  --men who are habitually violent//


Words: habituate
Meaning:
v   be/become habituated to (doing) sth//   formal to be used to something or gradually become used to it//  --Over the centuries, these animals have become habituated to living in a dry environment.//


Words: habitue
Meaning:
n [C +of]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin habituare  ’to habituate’, from  Latin habitus;   HABIT]//   formal someone who regularly goes to a particular place or event//   regular//


Words: hacienda
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Spanish; Origin: Latin facienda, from  facere  ’to make, do’]//  a large farm in Spanish-speaking countries//


Words: hack
Meaning:
v   [Language: Old English; Origin: haccian]//\n  1 [I and T] to cut something roughly or violently:  hack (away) at sth//  --She hacked away at the ice, trying to make a hole.//  hack sth off/down etc//  --Whole forests have been hacked down.//  hack your way through/into sth//  --He hacked his way through the undergrowth.//  --Both men had been hacked to death  (=killed using large knives) .//\n  2 [I and T] to secretly find a way of getting information from someone else’s computer or changing information on it:  hack into//  --Somebody hacked into the company’s central database.//  --He managed to hack the code.//    hacker//\n  3  can’t hack sth:   informal to feel that you cannot continue to do something that is difficult or boring//  --I’ve been doing this job for years, but I just can’t hack it anymore.//\n  4 [I always + adverb/preposition]  BrE to ride a horse along roads or through the country:\n  5 [I] to cough in a loud unpleasant way:  hack off [hack sb off] phr v//  to annoy someone//  --His attitude really hacks me off!//\nhack 2   n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: hackney  ’horse for ordinary riding’;   HACKNEYED]//\n  1 a writer who does a lot of low quality work, especially writing newspaper articles:  --A Sunday newspaper hack uncovered the story.//\n  2 an unimportant politician:  --The meeting was attended by the usual old party hacks.//\n  3 a way of using a computer to get into someone else’s computer system without their permission:\n  4  AmE  informal a taxi, or a taxi driver:\n  5 an act of hitting something roughly with a cutting tool:  --One more hack and the branch was off.//\n  6 an old tired horse:\n  7 a horse you can pay money to ride on:\n  8  BrE a ride on a horse:  --a long hack across the fields//


Words: hacker
Meaning:
n [C]    informal someone who secretly uses or changes the information in other people’s computer systems//  --A hacker had managed to get into the system.//  -- hacking n  [U] //  --Companies are increasingly worried by the threat of hacking and computer viruses.//


Words: hackles
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from an unrecorded  Old English hacule  ’small hook’]//\n  1  sb’s hackles rise:  if someone’s hackles rise, they begin to feel very angry, because someone’s behaviour or attitude offends them//  --Laura heard his remark, and felt her hackles rising.//  raise sb’s hackles (=make someone angry) //  --His tactless remarks were enough to raise anyone’s hackles.//\n  2 the long feathers or hairs on the back of the neck of some animals and birds, which stand up straight when they are in danger:


Words: hackney carriage
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Hackney;   HACKNEYED]//\n  1 a carriage pulled by a horse, used in the past like a taxi:\n  2  also hackney cab  formal :  a taxi//


Words: hackneyed
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: hackney  ’to use (a horse) for ordinary riding, to use (something) too much’ (16-19 centuries), from  hackney  ’horse for ordinary riding’ (14-20 centuries), probably from  Hackney, area in London, England where horses were once kept]//  a hackneyed phrase is boring and does not have much meaning because it has been used so often//


Words: haddock
Meaning:
n   plural  haddock  [U and C] //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: hadoc, from  Old French hadot]//  a common fish that lives in northern seas and is often used as food//


Words: Hadrian’s Wall
Meaning:
a stone wall which the Roman  emperor Hadrian ordered to be built across the north of England in 122 AD from the east coast to the west, in order to defend Roman Britain from attack by northern tribes such as the  Picts//


Words: haematology
Meaning:
BrE  hematology AmE   n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: hemat- (from  Greek haima;   HEMO-) +  -ology]//  the scientific study of blood//


Words: haemophilia
Meaning:
BrE  hemophilia AmE   n [U]   a serious disease that prevents a person’s blood from becoming thick, so that they lose a lot of blood easily if they are injured//


Words: haemorrhage
Meaning:
BrE  hemorrhage AmE   n [U and C] \n  1 a serious medical condition in which a person bleeds a lot, sometimes inside their body:  --He died of a massive brain haemorrhage .//\n  2 when a company or country loses a lot of money or people very quickly:  haemorrhage of//  --We have seen a haemorrhage of jobs from the region.//\nhaemorrhage 2 v  BrE  hemorrhage AmE \n  1 [I] to lose a lot of blood in a very short time:\n  2 [T] to lose a lot of something over a short period of time, such as money or jobs:  --The once prosperous town has hemorrhaged manufacturing jobs over the last 15 years.//


Words: haft
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: h[zB024]ft]//   technical a long handle on an axe1 or other weapon//


Words: hag
Meaning:
n [C]  old-fashioned   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old English h[zB024]gtesse  ’witch’]//  an ugly or unpleasant woman, especially one who is old or looks like a witch//


Words: haggard
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: hagard  ’wild’]//  someone who looks haggard has lines on their face and dark marks around their eyes, especially because they are ill, worried, or tired//  --Sam looked tired and haggard.//  --a haggard face//


Words: haggis
Meaning:
n [U and C]   a food eaten in Scotland, made from the heart and other organs of a sheep, cut up and boiled in a skin made from the sheep’s stomach//


Words: haggle
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: hag  ’to cut’ (14-19 centuries)]//  to argue when you are trying to agree about the price of something//  haggle over//  --tourists haggling over the price of souvenirs//  haggle with//  --Ted was haggling with the street vendors.//  -- haggling n  [U] //


Words: hagiography
Meaning:
n   plural  hagiographies  [U and C] //  [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: hagios  ’holy’ +  English -graphy]//\n  1 a book about the lives of saints:\n  2 a book about someone that praises them too much:


Words: Hague
Meaning:
the Hague//  a city in the Netherlands. The country’s government is in The Hague, but its capital city is Amsterdam.//


Words: haiku
Meaning:
n   plural  haiku  or  haikus  [C] //  [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Japanese; Origin: haikai no ku  ’not serious poem’]//  a type of Japanese poem with three lines consisting of five, seven, and five syllables//


Words: hail
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: hagal,  h[zB024]gl]//\n  1 [U] frozen rain drops which fall as hard balls of ice:  --heavy showers of rain and hail//\n  2  a hail of bullets/stones etc:  a large number of bullets, stones etc that are thrown or fired at someone//  --The aircraft were met by a hail of gunfire.//\n  3  a hail of criticism/abuse etc:  a lot of criticism etc//  --The proposals met with a hail of criticism.//\nhail 2 v   [Sense: 2; Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  HAIL3]//  [Sense: 3; Origin: Old English hagalian, from  hagal;   HAIL1]//\n  1 [T] to describe someone or something as being very good:  hail sb/sth as sth//  --Lang’s first film was immediately hailed as a masterpiece.//  be hailed sth//  --The new service has been hailed a success .//  --A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.//\n  2 [T] to call to someone in order to greet them or try to attract their attention:  --She leaned out of the window and hailed a passerby.//  hail a cab/taxi //  --The hotel doorman will hail a cab for you.//\n  3  it hails:  if it hails, small balls of ice fall like rain//  --It’s windy and hailing outside.//  hail from [hail from sth] phr v//  to have been born in a particular place//  --And where do you hail from?//


Words: Haile Selassie
Meaning:
(1892-1975) the  emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who is remembered especially for having modernized his country. He was removed from power by his army in 1974 but is still important to his followers, called Rastafarians, who consider him a god. He is also sometimes called Ras Tafari, the Lion of Judah.//


Words: hair
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: h[zB024]r]//\n  1 [U] the mass of things like fine threads that grows on your head:  --She put on her lipstick and  brushed her hair . //  -- I must  get my hair cut  - it’s getting very long. //  --You’ve had your hair done differently.//  -- His  hair  was  short  and dark. //  -- a young woman with short  blonde hair  //  --Her long  wavy hair  was tied back with a bow.//  --He’s a tall,  fair-haired  guy.//  -- He had a  mop of  curly black  hair . //  -- Men are always worrying about  losing their hair . //  -- She kissed him on the cheek and  ruffled his hair . //\n  2 [C] one of the long fine things like thread that grows on people’s heads and on other parts of their bodies, or similar things that grow on animals:  --The cat has left white hairs all over the sofa.//  --I’m starting to get a few grey hairs.//  --I found a hair in my meal.//  long-haired/short-haired //  --long-haired cats//\n  3  be tearing/pulling your hair out:  to be very worried or angry about something, especially because you do not know what to do//  --Anyone else would have been tearing their hair out trying to work it out.//\n  4  let your hair down:   informal to enjoy yourself and start to relax, especially after working very hard//  --The party gave us all a chance to really let our hair down.//\n  5  bad hair day:  a day when your hair does not look tidy or neat even when you try to arrange it carefully - used humorously//  --I’m having a bit of a bad hair day .//\n  6  keep your hair on:   BrE  spoken used to tell someone to keep calm and not get annoyed//  --All right, all right, keep your hair on! I’m sorry.//\n  7  get in sb’s hair:   informal to annoy someone, especially by always being near them//\n  8  make sb’s hair stand on end:  to make someone very frightened//\n  9  make sb’s hair curl:  if a story, experience etc makes your hair curl, it is very surprising, frightening, or shocking//  --tales that would make your hair curl//\n  10  not have a hair out of place:  to have a very neat appearance//\n  11  not turn a hair:  to remain completely calm when something bad or surprising suddenly happens//\n  12  not harm/touch a hair of/on sb’s head:  to not harm someone in any way//\n  13  the hair of the dog (that bit you):  alcohol that you drink to cure a headache caused by drinking too much alcohol the night before - used humorously//    have a good/fine/thick etc head of hair at head1 (14)//    not see hide nor hair of at hide2 (5)//    split hairs at split1 (8)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  brush/comb your hair //  do your hair (=arrange it in a style) //  have/get your hair cut/done (=by a hairdresser) //  short/long hair //  shoulder-length hair //  fair/blonde hair  (=hair that is yellowish-white in colour) //  dark hair //  red/auburn hair  also  ginger hair British English (=hair that is orangey-brown in colour) //  straight/curly hair //  frizzy hair  (=hair that is tightly curled) //  wavy hair  (=hair with loose curls) //  fine/thick hair //  lank hair  (=hair that is thin, straight, and unattractive) //  dark-haired/fair-haired/long-haired etc //  strand of hair  (=a thin piece of hair) //  lock of hair (=a fairly thick piece of hair) //  mop of hair  (=a large amount of thick untidy hair) //  be losing your hair  (=be going bald) //  run your fingers through your/somebody’s hair //  ruffle/tousle somebody’s hair  (=make it untidy by rubbing your hand through it) //  HINT sense 1 //  When you mean ’all the hair on a person’s head’,  hair is an uncountable noun: He has black hair (NOT He has black hairs). //  ----------//


Words: hair shirt
Meaning:
n [C]   a shirt made of rough uncomfortable cloth containing hair, worn in the past by some religious people to punish themselves//


Words: hair slide
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a small attractive metal or plastic object that a woman uses to fasten her hair in place//  American Equivalent:  barrette//


Words: hair-splitting
Meaning:
n [U]   when people pay too much attention to small differences and unimportant details, especially in an argument//    split hairs at split1 (8)//


Words: haircare
Meaning:
hair care/he[hA353]ke[hA353] $ herker/ n [U]   the act of washing and drying your hair and shaping it into a style//  --advice on makeup and hair care//  -- haircare adj  [only before noun] //  --haircare products//


Words: haircut
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 when you have a haircut, someone cuts your hair for you:  have/get a haircut //  --I haven’t had a haircut for months!//  --You need a haircut!//\n  2 the style your hair is cut in:  --Do you like my new haircut?//


Words: hairdo
Meaning:
n   plural  hairdos  [C] //   informal the style in which someone’s hair is cut or shaped//   hairstyle//


Words: hairdresser
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a person who cuts, washes, and arranges people’s hair in particular styles:    barber//\n  2  the hairdresser’s:   BrE the hairdresser’s shop//   salon//    barber’s//  --an appointment at the hairdresser’s//  -- hairdressing n  [U] //


Words: hairdryer
Meaning:
hairdrier/he[hA353]dra[hA366][hA353] $ herdra[hA366][hA353]r/ n [C]   a machine that blows out hot air for drying hair//    blow-dryer//


Words: hairgrip
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a small thin piece of metal that a woman uses to hold her hair in place//  American Equivalent:  bobby pin//


Words: hairline
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the line around your head, especially at the front, where your hair starts growing:  --He had put on weight, and his hairline was beginning to recede.//\n  2  a hairline crack/fracture:  a very thin crack//  --a hairline fracture in a bone//


Words: hairpiece
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of false hair that you wear on your head to make your own hair look thicker//    wig, toupee//


Words: hairstyle
Meaning:
n [C]   the style in which someone’s hair has been cut or shaped//  --Do you like my new hairstyle?//


Words: hairy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  hairier superlative  hairiest //\n  1 a hairy person or animal has a lot of hair on their body:  --a skinny guy with hairy legs//  --a hairy caterpillar//\n  2  informal dangerous or frightening, often in a way that is exciting:  --It was pretty hairy climbing down the cliff.//  --We had a few hairy moments when I thought the boat was going to sink.//  -- hairiness n  [U] //


Words: Haiti
Meaning:
a country in the Caribbean Sea on the island of Hispaniola, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Population: 6,965,000 (2001). Capital: Port au Prince.//  -- Haitian n  adj //


Words: haj
Meaning:
hajj/h[zB024]d[hA360]/ n [C]   a journey to Mecca for religious reasons, that all Muslims try to make at least once in their life//


Words: hajji
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Arabic; Origin: hajj]//  used as a title for a Muslim who has made a haj//


Words: hake
Meaning:
n   plural  hake  [U and C] //  [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from an unrecorded  hakefish, from  hake  ’hook’ (15-19 centuries)]//  a sea fish, used as food//


Words: halal
Meaning:
hallal/h[hA35A][hA359]l[hA35A][hA359]l/ adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Arabic; Origin: ’that which is lawful’]//  halal meat is meat from an animal that has been killed in a way that is approved by Muslim law//


Words: halberd
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: hallebarde, from  Middle High German, from  helm  ’handle’ +  barte  ’ax’]//  a type of sword that was used as a weapon in the past//


Words: halcyon
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: halcyon  ’bird believed to bring good weather at sea’ (14-19 centuries), from  Latin, from  Greek alkyon  ’kingfisher’]//  halcyon days//   literary a time in the past when you were very happy//  --She often recalled the halcyon days of her youth.//


Words: Hale
Meaning:
Nathan   (1755-76) a US soldier who was caught by the British and hanged for being a  spy (=someone whose job is to find out secret information about an enemy)  during the  American Revolutionary War. He is known for saying, before he was hanged, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country".//


Words: hale
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: hal]//  hale and hearty//  someone, especially an old person, who is hale and hearty is very healthy and active//  --She’s still hale and hearty at 74.//


Words: Haley
Meaning:
Bill   (1927-81) a US singer who, with his band  The Comets, helped to make  rock ’n’ roll music popular in the 1950s. His most famous song was  Rock Around the Clock, which was also the name of a film in which he and his band appeared.//


Words: half
Meaning:
predeterminer, pron, adj [only before noun]   ----------//\n   1 50%:\n   2 most of:\n   3 time:\n   4 combination:\n   5 half a dozen:\n   6 half a/the chance:\n   7 half an eye/ear:\n   8 be half the battle:\n   9 half a minute/moment/second etc:\n  10 only half the story:\n  11 have half a mind to do something:\n  12 half measures:  ----------//\n  1 50%:  exactly or about 50% ([hA13E]) of an amount, time, distance, number etc//  half of//  --Over half of the children live in one-parent families.//  --Only half the guests had arrived by seven o’clock.//  --If you look at our members, at least half are women.//  half a mile/pound/hour etc //  --half a pound of butter//  --It’s about half a mile down the road.//  --She drank half a bottle of wine.//  -- half a million dollars//  a half hour/mile etc //  --You can’t just waltz in a half hour late.//  --It’s about a half mile down the road.//  --a half day excursion to the island//  --He demanded a half share of the money.//  half the price/size/length etc //  --It’s only half the size of a normal violin.//  --They offered to pay half the cost of repairs.//\n  2 MOST OF:  the largest part of something//  half of//  --We missed half of what he said because someone was talking.//  --She seems to be asleep half the time .//  --Getting covered in mud is half the fun .//\n  3 TIME:   half (past) one/two/three etc//   BrE thirty minutes after the hour mentioned//  --I rang at about half six.//  --I got home at about half past one.//  --We’ll be there by seven or half past.//\n  4 COMBINATION:  if something is half one thing and half something else, it is a combination of those two things//  --He’s half English, half Swiss.//\n  5  half a dozen:  a) six//  --half a dozen eggs//  b) a small number of people or things//  --There were half a dozen other people in front of me.//\n  6  half a/the chance:  a small opportunity to do something, especially one which someone would take eagerly//  --I’d go to university if I got half the chance .//  --Many kids would sleep till noon given half a chance .//\n  7  half an eye/ear:  if you have half an eye on something, or if you are listening with half an ear, you are giving only part of your attention to it//  --He listened with only half an ear and his thoughts wandered.//  --The teacher kept half an eye on them all through the lesson.//\n  8  be half the battle:   spoken used to say that when you have done the most difficult part of an activity, the rest is easy//  --Getting the audience to like you is half the battle.//\n  9  half a minute/moment/second etc:   spoken a very short time//  --Hold on, this will only take half a second.//\n  10  only half the story:  an explanation that is not complete, used especially to say that someone is trying to keep something secret//  --Journalists are convinced that she was only telling them half the story.//\n  11  have half a mind to do sth:   spoken used to say that you would like to do something but you probably will not do it//  --He had half a mind to ask for his money back.//  --I have half a mind to tell your mother about this.//\n  12  half measures:  actions or methods that are not strong enough, and so are not effective in dealing with a difficult problem//  --This is no time for half measures.//  ----------//  GRAMMAR //  !!  You do not usually say ’the half’  : I’ve only read half of the story (NOT I’ve only read the half of the story).  The only time you say ’the half’ is when you are referring to a particular half| the first half of the book //  !!  Do not say ’one and half’, ’two and half’ etc. Say  one and a half ,  two and a half etc : She is two and a half years old.  These numbers are followed by a plural noun, not a singular one| one and a half days (NOT one and a half day) //  !!  Do not say ’half of hour’. Say  half an hour  or, especially in spoken American English,  a half hour . //  ----------//\nhalf 2   plural  halves /h[hA35A][hA359]vz $ h[zB024]vz/ n [C] //  ----------//\n   1 50%:\n   2 sport:\n   3 player:\n   4 beer:\n   5 ticket:\n   6 a ... and a half:\n   7 the half of it:\n   8 your better half/other half:\n   9 not do something by halves:\n  10 go halves (on something):\n  11 too clever/rich/good etc by half:\n  12 how the other half lives:  ----------//\n  1 50%:  one of two equal parts of something//  --Two halves make a whole.//  one/two etc and a half (=1[hA13E], 2[hA13E] etc) //  --My son’s three and a half now.//  --an hour and a half later//  --two and a half thousand people//  first/second/other half (of sth) //  --in the first half of the nineteenth century//  --He kept the other half of the cake for himself.//  top/bottom/northern etc half (of sth) //  --A veil covered the lower half of her face.//  --the southern half of the country//  break/cut/tear etc sth in half (=into two equal parts) //  --She tore the piece of paper in half.//  reduce/cut sth by half (=make something 50% smaller) //  --a plan to cut European forces by half//\n  2 SPORT:  one of the two parts into which a sports event is divided//  first/second half //  --France played very well in the first half.//\n  3 PLAYER:  a player who plays in the middle part of the field in sports like football, rugby etc//  --the 23-year-old Newcastle centre half //\n  4 BEER:   BrE a half of a pint of beer//  half of//  --Can I have a half of lager, please?//\n  5 TICKET:   BrE a child’s ticket, for example on a bus or train, that is cheaper than an adult’s ticket//  --One and a half to Waterloo, please.//\n  6  a ... and a half:   informal used when you think that something is very unusual or surprising, or very good//  --That was a meal and a half!//\n  7  the half of it:   spoken used to emphasize that a situation is more difficult, complicated, or unpleasant than people realize//  --Everyone knows she’s a difficult girl, but they don’t know the half of it .//\n  8  your better half/other half:   old-fashioned used humorously to mean your husband or wife//  --Let me introduce you to my better half.//\n  9  not do sth by halves:  to do something very eagerly and using a lot of care and effort//  --I’m sure it will be a fantastic wedding. Eva never does anything by halves.//\n  10  go halves (on sth):  to share something, especially the cost of something, equally between two people//  --Do you want to go halves on a pizza?//\n  11  too clever/rich/good etc by half:   BrE  informal very clever, rich etc in an annoying way//  --That boy’s too arrogant by half.//\n  12  how the other half lives:  how people who are much richer or much poorer than you manage their lives, work, money etc//\nhalf 3 S2 adv \n  1 partly, but not completely:  --He was half in the water and half out.//  --She was standing there half dressed, putting on her makeup.//  --The door was only half closed.//  --The jug was still half full .//  --a half-empty wine bottle//  --I was only half awake .//  --He looked half asleep .//  --I was half expecting her to say ’no’.//  --I half hoped that they wouldn’t come.//  --I said it half jokingly.//\n  2 used to emphasize something bad, to say that it is almost an extremely bad thing:  --The kitten looked half starved.//  --He was half dead with exhaustion.//  --I had been driven half out of my mind with worry.//\n  3 :  a)  half as much/big etc//  half the size, amount etc of something else//  --The new machine has all the same functions, but is only half as large.//  b)  half as much/big etc again//  larger by an amount that is equal to half the original size//  --A flat in London costs almost half as much again as a flat in Glasgow.//\n  4  not half as/so good/interesting etc (as sb/sth):  much less good, less interesting etc than someone or something else//  --The movie wasn’t half as entertaining as the book.//  --She can’t love you half as much as I do.//\n  5  not half:   BrE  spoken used when you want to emphasize an opinion or statement//  --She doesn’t half talk once she gets started.//\n  6  not half bad:   spoken an expression meaning good, used especially when you are rather surprised that something is good//  --Actually, the party wasn’t half bad.//\n  7  half and half:  partly one thing and partly another//  --The group was about half and half, complete beginners and people with some experience.//


Words: half board
Meaning:
half-board n [U]    BrE the price of a room in a hotel that includes breakfast and dinner//  --half board accommodation//    full board//


Words: half cocked
Meaning:
also half cock  BrE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: cock  ’to get a gun ready to fire’]//  go off half cocked//  go off at half cock  BrE to do something without enough thought or preparation, so that it is not successful//


Words: half day
Meaning:
half-day n [C]   a day when you work or go to school either in the morning or the afternoon, but not all day//  --Friday is my half day off.//


Words: half measures
Meaning:
half-measures n [plural]  BrE   actions or methods that are not effective in dealing with the whole of a difficult problem//  --Half measures will not fix the health care system.//


Words: half nelson
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from Horatio  Nelson (1758-1805), one-armed English admiral]//  a way of holding your opponent’s arm behind their back in the sport of wrestling//


Words: half note
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a musical note which continues for half the length of a whole note//  British Equivalent:  minim//


Words: half pipe
Meaning:
halfpipe/h[hA35A][hA359]fpa[hA366]p $ h[zB024]f-/ n [C] \n  1 a concrete structure which has a rounded bottom and sides and is used for skateboarding:\n  2 a structure which has a rounded bottom and sides, is made from snow, and is used for snowboarding:


Words: half price
Meaning:
n [U]   half the usual price//    full price//  at half price//  --Many shoes are at half price or less.//  -- half-price adj //  --Half-price tickets will be sold on the day.//  -- half price adv //  --Children aged 2-14 go half price.//


Words: half step
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE the difference in pitch between any two notes that are next to each other on a piano//   semitone//


Words: half-arsed
Meaning:
AmE [only before noun]  informal \n  1 doing something without making much effort:  --He made a half-arsed attempt to clean up after the party.//\n  2 completely stupid:  --What a half-assed idea!//


Words: half-baked
Meaning:
adj  informal   a half-baked idea, suggestion, plan etc has not been properly planned//  --He’s always coming out with these half-baked ideas which will never work.//


Words: half-breed
Meaning:
n [C]  taboo   a very offensive word for someone whose parents are of different races, especially one white parent and one Native American parent. Do not use this word//    mixed race//  -- half-breed adj //


Words: half-caste
Meaning:
n [C]  taboo   a very offensive word for someone whose parents are of different races. Do not use this word//    mixed race//  -- half-caste adj //


Words: half-crazed
Meaning:
adj   behaving in a slightly crazy, uncontrolled way//  half-crazed with//  --She was half-crazed with pain.//


Words: half-day
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a half-day event takes place in either the morning or the afternoon//  --half-day courses on study skills//


Words: half-hearted
Meaning:
adj   done without much effort and without much interest in the result//  --Congress has made half-hearted attempts at finance reform.//  -- half-heartedly adv //


Words: half-hour
Meaning:
half hour n [C]   a period of time that is 30 minutes long//  --Fay had been in her room for a good half-hour.//  -- half-hour adj //  --a half-hour TV show//


Words: half-hourly adj
Meaning:
adv  BrE   done or happening every half hour//  --Trains depart at half-hourly intervals from 10.30 am until 4.00 pm.//


Words: half-length
Meaning:
adj   a half-length painting or picture shows the top half of someone’s body//    full-length1 (1)//


Words: half-light
Meaning:
n [U]   the dull grey light you see when it is almost dark but not completely dark//  --the cold half-light of the early morning//


Words: half-mast
Meaning:
n   at half-mast//  a) if a flag is flying at half-mast, it has been raised to the middle of the pole in order to show respect and sadness for someone who has died//  b)  BrE  humorous if a piece of clothing is at half-mast, it is lower down the body than is usual//


Words: half-timbered
Meaning:
adj   a half-timbered house is usually old and shows the wooden structure of the building on the outside walls//


Words: half-time
Meaning:
half time n [U]   a short period of rest between two parts of a game, such as football or basketball//  at half-time//  --The score at half-time was 34-7.//  --Another penalty from Roberts gave Gloucester a half-time lead.//    full time//


Words: half-truth
Meaning:
n [C]   a statement that is only partly true, especially one that is intended to keep something secret//  --His replies were full of evasions and half-truths.//


Words: half-yearly adj
Meaning:
adv   done or happening every six months//  --half-yearly meetings//  --The interest you earn will be paid half-yearly in June and December.//


Words: halfback
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a player in a game of football, rugby, hockey etc who plays in the middle part of the field:\n  2 a player in American football who, at the start of play, is behind the front line of players and next to the fullback:


Words: halfpenny
Meaning:
n   plural  halfpennies  [C] //  a small coin worth half of one penny, used in Britain in the past//


Words: halftone
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] a method of printing black and white photographs that shows different shades of grey by changing the number of black dots in an area of the photograph:\n  2 [C] a photograph printed by this method:


Words: halfway
Meaning:
adj, adv \n  1 at a middle point in space or time between two things:   partway//  halfway through/up/down/between etc//  --He chased Kevin halfway up the stairs.//  --It was a terrible film - I left halfway through.//  --traffic queues stretching back halfway to London//  the halfway stage/mark/point //  --They’ve just reached the halfway stage of the project.//\n  2  be halfway there:  to have done something that will allow you to achieve something else//  --Establish the right relationships at work and you’re halfway there.//\n  3  be/come/go halfway to doing sth:  to achieve something partly but not completely//  --We’re still only halfway to finishing the job.//\n  4  halfway decent/normal/successful etc:   informal reasonably good, normal, successful etc//  --the only halfway decent hotel around here//    meet sb halfway at meet1 (19)//


Words: halfway house
Meaning:
n \n  1 [singular]  BrE something which is a combination of the qualities of two different things:  --Belief is a kind of halfway house between non-belief and absolute proof.//\n  2 [C] a place for former prisoners or people who have had problems such as mental illness, where they can live until they are ready to live on their own:


Words: halibut
Meaning:
n   plural  halibut  [C] //  [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: holy +  butte  ’flat fish’ (13-19 centuries); because it was eaten on holy days]//  a large flat sea fish used as food//


Words: halitosis
Meaning:
n [U]  technical   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Latin halitus  ’breath’]//  a condition in which someone’s breath smells very bad//   bad breath//


Words: hall
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 entrance:\n   2 corridor:\n   3 public building:\n   4 for students:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: heall]//\n  1 ENTRANCE:  the area just inside the door of a house or other building, that leads to other rooms//   hallway//  in the hall //  --We hung our coats in a cupboard in the hall.//  --a huge tiled entrance hall //\n  2 CORRIDOR:  a passage in a building or house that leads to many of the rooms//   corridor, hallway//  --Each floor had ten rooms on both sides of the hall.//\n  3 PUBLIC BUILDING:  a building or large room for public events such as meetings or dances//  sports/exhibition/banqueting etc hall //  --The school has a new sports hall.//  --Five hundred people filled the lecture hall.//  church/village hall (=used by people who live in a place) //  --A coffee morning is to be held in the village hall.//  --a concert at Carnegie Hall//    city hall(2),  concert hall,  dance hall,  music hall(2),  town hall//\n  4 FOR STUDENTS:   especially BrE a college or university building where students live//   hall of residence//  American Equivalent:  dorm//  in hall//  --For a brief time they had shared a room in hall.//


Words: Hall of Fame
Meaning:
n [C]   in the US, a list of famous sports players or a building where their uniforms, equipment, and information about them are shown//


Words: Halle
Meaning:
Sir Charles   (1819-95) a German  pianist and  conductor who came to live in the UK and started the Halle Orchestra in Manchester in 1857//


Words: hallelujah
Meaning:
interjection   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Hebrew; Origin: halaluyah  ’praise God’]//  used to express thanks, joy, or praise to God//  -- hallelujah n  [C] //


Words: Halley’s comet
Meaning:
a  comet (=an object in space like a bright ball with a long tail)  that moves around the Sun and passes close to the Earth every 76 years. It was named after the English  astronomer Edmund Halley (1656-1742), and it last appeared close to the Earth in 1986.//


Words: hallmark
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Goldsmiths’  Hall in London, England where gold and silver articles were tested and marked]//\n  1 an idea, method, or quality that is typical of a particular person or thing:  hallmark of//  --These hotels still offer the sort of service which were the hallmark of the grand days of travel.//  --The explosion had all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.//  --Their performance did not bear the hallmark of European champions.//\n  2 a mark put on silver, gold, or platinum that shows the quality of the metal, and where and when it was made:\nhallmark 2 v [T]   to put a hallmark on silver, gold, or platinum//


Words: hallowed
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: hallow  ’to make holy’, from  Old English halgian, from  halig;   HOLY]//\n  1 holy or made holy by religious practices:    sacred//  --The bones will be buried in hallowed ground .//\n  2 important and respected by a lot of people:  --the hallowed halls of government//  --hallowed traditions//


Words: Halloween
Meaning:
Hallowe’en/h[zB024]l[hA353][hA35E]i[hA359]n[hA36B] $ -lo[hA35E]-/ n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: All Hallow Even  ’All Saints’ Eve’;   HALLOWED]//  the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.//


Words: hallucinate
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  hallucinari  ’to dream’]//  to see or hear things that are not really there//


Words: hallucination
Meaning:
n   [U and C] something which you imagine you can see or hear, but which is not really there, or the experience of this//  --The patients suffered hallucinations caused by the drug.//


Words: hallucinatory
Meaning:
adj  formal \n  1 causing hallucinations or resulting from hallucinations:  --hallucinatory drugs//\n  2 using strange images, sounds etc like those experienced in a hallucination:  --hallucinatory poetry//


Words: hallway
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the area just inside the door of a house or other building, that leads to other rooms:   hall//\n  2 a passage in a building or house that leads to many of the rooms:   hall, corridor//


Words: halo
Meaning:
n   plural  halos  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: halos, from  Greek,  ’circular area, ring’]//\n  1 a bright circle that is often shown above or around the heads of holy people in religious art:\n  2 a circle of light or something bright:  halo of//  --a halo of sunlight//  --a halo of blonde curls//


Words: halogen
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Swedish; Origin: Greek hals  ’salt’]//\n  1 a halogen light uses halogen gas to produce light:  halogen bulb/lamp/light etc //\n  2 one of a group of five simple chemical substances that make compounds easily:


Words: Hals
Meaning:
Frans   (?1580-1666) a Dutch painter who painted many  portraits (=paintings of real people) . His most famous portrait is ’The Laughing Cavalier.’//


Words: halt
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: German]//\n  1 [singular] a stop or pause:  --Heavy snowfalls brought traffic to a halt  (=made it stop moving) .//  --The World Championship was brought to a temporary halt  (=was stopped from continuing) .//  come/grind/screech etc to a halt (=stop moving or continuing) //  --The whole peace process seems to have ground to a halt.//  --Joe slammed on the brakes and the car skidded to a halt.//  --The President has called for a halt to the wave of emigration.//\n  2  call a halt (to sth):  to stop an activity from continuing//  --I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.//\n  3 [C]  BrE a place in the countryside where a train stops to let passengers get off, but where there is no station:  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Do not say ’get to a halt’. Say ’come to a halt’. //  ----------//\nhalt 2 v \n  1 [T] to prevent someone or something from continuing - used especially in news reports:   stop//  --The government has failed to halt economic decline.//  --Safety concerns have led them to halt work on the dam.//\n  2 [I] to stop moving:  --The parade halted by a busy corner.//\n  3  halt!:  used as a military order to tell someone to stop moving or soldiers to stop marching//  --Company halt!//  --Halt! Who goes there?//


Words: halter
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: h[zB024]lftre]//\n  1 a rope or leather band that fastens around a horse’s head, usually used to lead the horse:\n  2  also halter top :  halterneck //  a type of clothing for women that ties behind the neck and across the back, so that the arms and back are not covered//  --Jen was wearing black shorts and a halter.//


Words: halting
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: halt  ’to walk with difficulty’, from  Old English healtian]//  if your speech or movements are halting, you stop for a moment between words or movements, especially because you are not confident//   hesitant//  --We carried on a rather halting conversation.//  -- haltingly adv //


Words: halve
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: half]//\n  1 to reduce something by a half:  --Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.//\n  2 to cut or divide something into two equal pieces:  --Halve the potatoes lengthwise.//


Words: halves
Meaning:
1 the plural of half:\n  2  go halves (with sb):   BrE if you go halves with someone, you divide something equally between you, especially money//


Words: halyard
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: hallier  ’halyard’ (14-17 centuries), from  hale  ’to pull’, from  Old French haler;   HAUL1]//   technical a rope used to raise or lower a flag or sail//


Words: ham
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1; Origin: Old English hamm]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  amateur]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: ham-fatter  ’bad actor’ (19-20 centuries), from the song ’The  Ham-fat Man’.]//\n  1 [U and C] the upper part of a pig’s leg, or the meat from this that has been preserved with salt or smoke:    gammon//  --a ham sandwich//  --a seven-pound ham//\n  2 [C] someone who receives and sends radio messages for fun rather than as their job:\n  3 [C]  informal an actor who performs with too much false emotion:\nham 2 v   past tense and past participle  hammed present participle  hamming //  ham it up//   informal to perform with too much false emotion when acting//


Words: ham-fisted
Meaning:
adj  also ham-handed  informal \n  1 not at all skilful or careful in the way that you deal with people:   inept//  --They made several ham-fisted attempts to spy on her.//\n  2 not at all skilful with your hands:   clumsy//


Words: Hamas
Meaning:
an organization of Islamic  fundamentalists (=people who follow the rules of their religion very strictly) in Palestine//


Words: hamburger
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: ’of Hamburg, city in Germany’]//\n  1 [C] a flat round piece of finely cut beef (=meat from a cow) which is cooked and eaten in a bread bun:\n  2 [U]  AmE beef that has been cut into very small pieces:  British Equivalent:  mince//


Words: Hamilton
Meaning:
the capital city and main port of Bermuda, on Bermuda Island//\n Alexander   (?1755-1804) a US politician who helped to write the  Constitution of the United States and was the first US Secretary of the Treasury from 1789 to 1795. Alexander Hamilton’s picture is printed on the US ten-dollar  bill.//


Words: Hamlet
Meaning:
the main character in the play   Hamlet by William  Shakespeare, which is one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays. Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark, and is a serious, unhappy young man who is unable to decide how he feels or what he should do.//    Ophelia//


Words: hamlet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: hamelet, from  ham  ’village’]//  a very small village//


Words: Hammer
Meaning:
Mike   a private detective in books by the US writer Mickey Spillane. He is very tough and usually shoots criminals instead of having them arrested.//


Words: hammer
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 tool:\n   2 come/go under the hammer:\n   3 hammer blow:\n   4 hammer and tongs:\n   5 gun:\n   6 sport:\n   7 piano:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: hamor]//\n  1 TOOL:  a) a tool with a heavy metal part on a long handle, used for hitting nails into wood//  b) a tool like this with a wooden head used to make something flat, make a noise etc//  --an auctioneer’s hammer//\n  2  come/go under the hammer:  to be offered for sale at an auction//\n  3  hammer blow:   BrE an event that damages something very seriously//  hammer blow for//  --The decision is a hammer blow for the coal industry.//\n  4  hammer and tongs:   informal //  a) if people go at each other hammer and tongs, they fight or argue very loudly//  b) if someone does something hammer and tongs, they do it with all their energy//\n  5 GUN:  the part of a gun that hits the explosive charge that fires a bullet//\n  6 SPORT:  a heavy metal ball on a wire with a handle at the end, which you throw as far as possible as a sport//\n  7 PIANO:  a wooden part of a piano that hits the strings inside to make a musical sound//\nhammer 2 v   ----------//\n   1 hit with a hammer:\n   2 hit repeatedly:\n   3 hurt with problems:\n   4 hit hard:\n   5 criticize:\n   6 hammer something home:\n   7 heart:\n   8 defeat:  Phrasal verbs//   hammer away//   hammer something → in//   hammer something → out//  ----------//\n  1 HIT WITH A HAMMER:   [I and T] to hit something with a hammer in order to force it into a particular position or shape//  hammer sth in/into sth//  --Hammer the nails into the back of the frame.//  hammer away (at sth)//  --All afternoon, Martin had been hammering away in the conservatory.//  --the sound of hammering and sawing//\n  2 HIT REPEATEDLY:   [I] to hit something many times, especially making a loud noise//   pound, bang//  hammer at//  --Daniella hammered at the door.//  --The rain was hammering against the window.//\n  3 HURT WITH PROBLEMS:   [T] to hurt someone or something by causing them a lot of problems//  --British industry was being hammered by the recession.//\n  4 HIT HARD:   [T]  informal to hit or kick something very hard//  --Robinson hammered the ball into the goal.//\n  5 CRITICIZE:   [T] to strongly criticize or attack someone for something they have said or done//  --The president has been hammered for his lack of leadership.//\n  6  hammer sth home:  to make sure that people understand something by repeating it many times//  --The message must be hammered home that crime doesn’t pay.//\n  7 HEART:   [I] if your heart hammers, you feel it beating strongly and quickly//   pound//  --She stood outside the door, her heart hammering.//\n  8 DEFEAT:   [T]  informal to defeat someone completely at a sport//  --Arsenal hammered Manchester United 5-0.//  hammer away phr v//\n  1 to keep saying something because you want people to understand or accept it:  hammer away at//  --I keep hammering away at this point because it’s important.//\n  2 to work hard and continuously at something:  hammer away at//  --You need to keep on hammering away at achieving your goals.//  hammer in [hammer sth → in] phr v//  to keep saying something until people completely understand it//  --The coach hammered his message into the team.//  hammer out [hammer sth → out] phr v//  to decide on an agreement, contract etc after a lot of discussion and disagreement//  --Leading oil producers tried to hammer out a deal.//


Words: hammer and sickle
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 the sign of a hammer crossing a sickle on a red background, used as a sign of communism:\n  2 the flag of the former Soviet Union:


Words: Hammer film
Meaning:
n [C]   a  horror film produced by a British company called Hammer Film Productions during the 1950s and 1960s. The films were often based on well-known stories, such as those about  Dracula and  Frankenstein.//


Words: hammering
Meaning:
n [singular, U] \n  1  take a hammering/be given a hammering:  to be attacked or defeated very severely//  --The city took a real hammering during the war.//\n  2 the sound of someone hitting something with a hammer or with their hands:  --There was a loud hammering at the door.//


Words: Hammerstein
Meaning:
Oscar   (1895-1960) a US songwriter, who worked for many years with the  composer Richard  Rodgers to produce many famous  musicals (=films or plays that use singing and dancing to tell a story) , such as  Oklahoma!,  The King and I,  South Pacific, and  The Sound of Music//


Words: hammock
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Spanish; Origin: hamaca, from  Taino]//  a large piece of cloth that is hung between two trees or posts so that you can sleep in it//


Words: hamper
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Origin unknown]//  to make it difficult for someone to do something//  --She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase.//  --An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.//\nhamper 2 n [C]   hamper, rug//  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: hanaper  ’case for holding cups’ (13-19 centuries), from  Old French hanap  ’cup’]//\n  1  BrE a basket with a lid, which is used for carrying food or sending it to someone as a present:  --a picnic hamper//  --They sent us a lovely Christmas hamper.//\n  2  AmE a large basket that you put dirty clothes in until they can be washed:  British Equivalent:  laundry basket//


Words: Hampstead
Meaning:
an area of North London with expensive houses, where many well-known writers and  intellectuals live. In the middle of Hampstead there is a large area of grassland called Hampstead Heath.//


Words: Hampton Court
Meaning:
also Hampton Court Palace   a large building southwest of London, which belonged to King  Henry VIII and was used as a royal  palace until the 18th century//


Words: hamster
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: German; Origin: Old High German hamustro]//  a small animal that looks like a mouse with no tail//


Words: hamstring
Meaning:
n [C]   a tendon behind your knee, which sometimes gets injured when you do sport//  --He pulled a hamstring in training.//  hamstring injury/problem/strain etc //\nhamstring 2   past tense and past participle  hamstrung /-str[hA356][hA26E]/ v [T] //  to make someone unable to take the action they want or need to take, especially by restricting them//  --The President feels he is hamstrung by Congress.//


Words: Hancock
Meaning:
John   (1737-93) a US politician who was the president of the  Continental Congress before the US became an independent country, and was the first person to write his name on the  Declaration of Independence//


Words: hand
Meaning:
n   finger, fingernail, thumb//  ----------//\n   1 part of body:\n   2 help:\n   3 control:\n   4 get out of hand:\n   5 on the other hand:\n   6 hands off:\n   7 in hand:\n   8 in the hands of somebody/in somebody’s hands:\n   9 hands up:\n  10 at hand:\n  11 to hand:\n  12 on hand:\n  13 by hand:\n  14 (at) first hand:\n  15 (at) second/third/fourth hand:\n  16 at the hands of somebody:\n  17 get your hands on something:\n  18 lay your hands on something:\n  19 come to hand:\n  20 get your hands on somebody:\n  21 have a hand in something:\n  22 hand in hand:\n  23 have something/somebody on your hands:\n  24 be off your hands:\n  25 try your hand at (doing) something:\n  26 turn your hand to (doing) something:\n  27 out of hand:\n  28 hands down:\n  29 have your hands full:\n  30 good with your hands:\n  31 on either/every hand:\n  32 get your hands dirty:\n  33 keep your hand in:\n  34 hand in glove:\n  35 hand over fist:\n  36 a big hand:\n  37 all hands on deck:\n  38 worker:\n  39 cards:\n  40 clock:\n  41 writing:\n  42 somebody’s hands are tied:\n  43 tie/bind somebody hand and foot:\n  44 can do something with one hand (tied) behind your back:\n  45 not do a hand’s turn:\n  46 somebody’s hand (in marriage):\n  47 horse:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 PART OF BODY:   [C] the part of your body at the end of your arm, including your fingers and thumb, that you use to hold things//  --Go wash your hands.//  --Steve gripped the steering wheel tightly with both hands.//  --He held the pencil in his  right hand .//  -- In  her  hand  was a tattered old photograph.//  -- a small book, no bigger than  the palm of  my  hand //  -- She  waved  her  hand  to the crowd. //  -- They were laughing and cheering and  clapping  their  hands . //  --The young couple were  holding hands . //  --The two leaders  shook hands . //  -- Marika  took  the child  by the hand  and led her away. //  -- They all  joined hands  in a big circle. //  --Sally sat with her  hands folded  in her lap.//  -- Raise  your  hand  if you know the answer. //  -- I had to get down  on  my  hands and knees and look under the settee. //  --He was capable of killing a man  with  his  bare hands  .//\n  2 HELP:   a hand//  help with something - used in the following phrases//  need/want a hand //  --Do you need a hand packing?//  give/lend (sb) a hand //  --Can you give me a hand to lift this?//  --If you get stuck, Denise is always willing to lend a hand.//  I could do with a hand/use a hand (=it would be useful to have some help) //  --We could certainly do with a hand.//    a helping hand at help1 (9) see usage note  help1 //\n  3 CONTROL:   [singular, U] control, power, or influence that someone has//  --The President has strengthened the hand of the gun lobby.//  --This matter is too important to be left in the hands of  (=in the control of) an inexperienced lawyer.//  --a manager with a firm hand  (=who controls things strictly) //\n  4  get out of hand:  if a situation or person gets out of hand, they become impossible to control any longer//  --The previously peaceful demonstration seemed to be getting out of hand.//\n  5  on the other hand:   also on the one hand. .. on the other hand //  used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well as the one you have just given//  --I’d like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.//\n  6  hands off:   spoken used to say that someone cannot have, take, or touch something//  --Hey! Hands off that CD! It’s mine!//  --Tell your little brother to keep his hands off my car.//    hands-off//\n  7  in hand:  a) if something is in hand, it is being done or dealt with//  --Plans are in hand to perform ’Oz’ next semester.//  --Lisa seemed to have things in hand by the time he returned.//  job/task/matter etc in hand //  --Our officers have to concentrate 100 per cent on the task in hand.//  take sb in hand (=begin to deal with someone’s problems etc) //  b)  BrE if you work a week, a month etc in hand, you do not get paid until after you have worked two weeks, two months etc//  c)  BrE if you have time, money etc in hand, you have it available//  --I usually have a few days’ leave in hand at the end of the year.//  d)  BrE if a team or player has a game in hand in a competition, they still have another game to play in which they could gain more points//\n  8  in the hands of sb/in sb’s hands:  being dealt with or cared for by someone//  --The matter is in the hands of the police.//  in good/safe/capable etc hands //  --You can be sure your children are in good hands.//  --The fear is that nuclear secrets could fall into the wrong hands .//    a safe pair of hands at safe1 (11)//\n  9  hands up:  a) with your arms straight up in the air - used especially to tell someone to do this as a sign that they will not attack you//  --Hands up! You’re under arrest!//  --The men emerged from the building with their hands up.//  b) used to tell people to put their arm straight up in the air if they know the answer to a question or want to say something//  --Hands up if you agree with what Eric was saying.//\n  10  at hand:   formal //  a) likely to happen soon//  --Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand.//  b) close to you and available to be used//  --Don’t worry, help is at hand !//  c) needing to be dealt with now//  --Peter turned his attention to the task at hand.//\n  11  to hand:   BrE something that is to hand is close to you, so that you can reach it easily//\n  12  on hand:  close by and ready when needed//  --Our staff are always on hand to help.//\n  13  by hand:  a) done or made by a person rather than a machine//  --We had to wash our clothes by hand.//  b) delivered by someone personally, rather than being sent through the post, emailed etc//\n  14  (at) first hand:  if you know or experience something first hand, you have personal experience of it//  --an opportunity to view at first hand the workings of the court//\n  15  (at) second/third/fourth hand:  if you know something second, third etc hand, someone tells you about it, but you have no personal experience of it//  --Until now, information has been second or third hand, but this news comes from someone who was there.//\n  16  at the hands of sb:  caused or done by a particular person - used about something bad or unpleasant that someone does//  --Anyone who suffered at the hands of care workers will be entitled to compensation.//  --This is their third defeat at the hands of the world champions.//\n  17  get your hands on sth:   informal to succeed in getting something//  --She’s only marrying him to get her hands on his money.//\n  18  lay your hands on sth:  to find or get something//  --I would read any book I could lay my hands on.//\n  19  come to hand:  if something comes to hand, it is there for you to use - used especially about something that is there by chance//  --They ran, picking up whatever weapons came to hand .//\n  20  get your hands on sb:   spoken to catch someone you are angry with//  --Just wait till I get my hands on you!//\n  21  have a hand in sth:  to influence or be involved in something//  --He scored one goal and had a hand in two others.//\n  22  hand in hand:  a)  (go) hand in hand//  if two things go hand in hand, they are closely connected//  --Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.//  (go) hand in hand with//  --They say that genius often goes hand in hand with madness.//  b) if two people walk, stand etc hand in hand, they walk, stand etc while they are holding each other’s hand//  --They walked hand in hand in silence up the path.//\n  23  have sth/sb on your hands:  to have a difficult job, problem, situation etc to deal with//  --I’m afraid we have a murder on our hands, Inspector.//\n  24  be off your hands:  if something or someone is off your hands, you are not responsible for them any more//  --Once this problem is off our hands we can relax for a while.//  take sb/sth off sb’s hands//  --She wants someone to take the kids off her hands occasionally.//\n  25  try your hand at (doing) sth:  to try to do something you have not tried before//  --John dreamed of being a writer and had tried his hand at poetry.//\n  26  turn your hand to (doing) sth:  to do something well, even if it is the first time you have tried//  --Larry’s one of those men who can turn their hand to anything.//\n  27  out of hand:  without even stopping to consider what someone has suggested, asked for etc//  reject/dismiss/refuse etc sth out of hand //  --Aromatherapy was dismissed out of hand by traditional doctors.//\n  28  hands down:  easily//  win (sth)/beat sb hands down //  --Nigel always won hands down in any argument.//\n  29  have your hands full:  to be very busy or too busy//  --Can’t it wait? I already have my hands full.//\n  30  good with your hands:  skilful at making things//\n  31  on either/every hand:   written on both sides or in every direction//  --Thick forest stood on either hand.//\n  32  get your hands dirty:  a)  informal to do hard or dirty physical work - usually used in questions or negative statements//  --It’s not that the jobs aren’t there, it’s just that she doesn’t want to get her hands dirty.//  b) to get involved in the difficult, dishonest, or unpleasant side of something//  --He never talked to the media or got his hands dirty in any way.//\n  33  keep your hand in:  to do something that you used to do a lot, so you do not forget how to do it//  --You should at least work part-time, just to keep your hand in.//\n  34  hand in glove:  closely connected with someone, especially in a bad or illegal activity//  --Far from being independent, the government and media work hand in glove.//\n  35  hand over fist:   informal if you gain or lose something hand over fist, you gain or lose it very quickly//  --Five years ago, the company was losing money hand over fist.//\n  36  a big hand:   spoken used to tell the people who are watching a performance to clap or cheer loudly//  --And now, a big hand for Ms Joan Rivers!//  --Let’s all give the girls a big hand .//\n  37  all hands on deck:   also all hands to the pumps  BrE  informal used to say that everyone is needed to help in a particular situation//  --With only half an hour to get everything ready, it was all hands on deck.//\n  38 WORKER:   [C] someone who does physical work on a farm, factory, ship etc//  --The farm hands slept in a narrow hut next to the barn.//\n  39 CARDS:   [C] //  a) the playing cards given to one person in a game//  --a winning hand//  b) a single game of cards//  date, face, hand, strap//\n  40 CLOCK:   [C] a long thin piece of metal that points at the numbers on a clock//  hour/minute/second hand //\n  41 WRITING:   [singular]  old-fashioned someone’s handwriting//\n  42  sb’s hands are tied:  if someone’s hands are tied, they cannot help in a particular situation because of rules, laws etc//  --The bank claims its hands are tied by federal regulators.//\n  43  tie/bind sb hand and foot:  a) to tie up someone’s hands and feet//  b) to make it very difficult or impossible for someone to do what they think is best//\n  44  can do sth with one hand (tied) behind your back:   spoken used to say that you can do something very easily//\n  45  not do a hand’s turn:   BrE  old-fashioned  informal to do no work at all//\n  46  sb’s hand (in marriage):   old-fashioned permission for a man to marry a particular woman//  --He asked for her hand in marriage.//\n  47 HORSE:   [C] a unit for measuring the height of a horse, equal to about 10 centimetres//    cash-in-hand,  freehand,  hands-on,  left-hand,  right-hand,  be an old hand (at sth) at old(17),  bite the hand that feeds you at bite1 (15),  have blood on your hands at blood1 (2),  have your hands/fingers in the till at till2 (3),  force sb’s hand at force2 (7),  overplay your hand at overplay(2),  shake sb’s hand/shake hands with sb at shake1 (4),  wash your hands of sth at wash1 (5)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  somebody’s left/right hand //  in somebody’s hand //  the palm of your hand  (=the inside surface of your hand) //  the back of your hand  (=the outside surface of your hand) //  wave your hand //  clap your hands //  hold hands (with somebody) //  shake somebody’s hand  also  shake hands (with somebody) (=as a greeting) //  take somebody by the hand  (=hold someone’s hand in order to take them somewhere) //  join hands  (=take hold of someone’s hand, for example in a dance) //  clasp your hands (=hold them together tightly) //  fold your hands (=put them together and rest them on something) //  raise your hand  also  put your hand up British English (=lift your hand in the air, especially to show that you want to answer or ask a question) //  on (your) hands and knees  (=in a crawling position) //  with your bare hands  (=without using a tool, weapon, machine etc) //  HINT sense 5 //  Do not say ’on one hand’. Say  on the one hand. //  HINT sense 8 //  Do not say ’in the hand of’ someone. Say in the hands of someone. //  ----------//\nhand 2 v [T] \n  1 to give something to someone else with your hand:  hand sb sth//  --He handed the teacher a slip of paper.//  hand sth to sb//  --He lit a cigarette and handed it to her.//  --This form must be handed to all employees.//\n  2  you have to hand it to sb:   spoken used to say that you admire someone//  --You have to hand it to her. She’s really made a success of that company.//  hand around [hand sth → around] phr v//  to offer something to each person in a group//  --Willie helped hand the mugs around.//  hand back [hand sth → back] phr v//\n  1 to give something back to the person who gave it to you, with your hand:  hand something → back to//  --Kurt examined the document and handed it back to her.//  hand sb sth → back//  --She handed him his pen back.//\n  2 to give something back to the person who used to own it:  hand something → back to//  --The land was handed back to its original owner.//  hand sb sth → back//  --The government has promised to hand investors back their money.//  hand down [hand sth → down] phr v//\n  1 to give or leave something to people who will live after you:  hand something → down to//  --The ring was handed down to her from her grandmother.//  --stories handed down by word of mouth//    hand-me-down//\n  2  hand down a decision/ruling/sentence etc:  to officially announce a decision, punishment etc//  hand in [hand sth → in] phr v//  to give something to someone in authority//  --Tom has handed in his resignation.//  --Did you hand your homework in on time?//  hand on [hand sth → on] phr v//  to give something to someone, for example because you no longer need it//  --The clock was handed on from Kevin’s father.//  --He was accused of handing on government secrets.//  hand out [hand sth → out] phr v//  to give something to each person in a group//   distribute//  --Could you start handing these books out please?//  hand something → out to//  --He was handing out leaflets to members of the audience.//    handout//  hand over phr v//\n  1  hand sth → over:  to give something to someone with your hand, especially because they have asked for it or should have it//  --The soldiers were ordered to hand over their guns.//  hand something → over to//  --He handed the phone over to me.//\n  2 to give someone power or responsibility over something which you used to be in charge of:  hand sth → over (to sb)//  --On his retirement, he handed the business over to his son.//  --Political control has been handed over to religious leaders.//  hand over to//  --Now she feels the time has come to hand over to someone else.//


Words: hand-eye co-ordination
Meaning:
n [U]   the way in which your hands and eyes work together, especially in sport, so that you can throw, hit, and catch a ball//


Words: hand-held
Meaning:
adj   a hand-held machine is small enough to hold in your hand when you use it//  --a hand-held camera//  --hand-held video games//


Words: hand-me-down
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of clothing which has been used by someone and then given to another person//  --She refused to wear hand-me-downs.//  --hand-me-down clothes//


Words: hand-to-hand
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   hand-to-hand fighting is a way of fighting in which people use their hands and knives rather than guns//  hand-to-hand fighting/combat etc //  --There was fierce hand-to-hand fighting in the streets of the city.//  --They were defeated in hand-to-hand combat.//


Words: handbag
Meaning:
S3   n [C]   a small bag in which a woman carries money and personal things//  American Equivalent:  purse//


Words: handball
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] a game in which two teams try to score points by throwing or hitting a ball with their hands:\n  2 [U] a game in which players hit a ball against a wall with their hand:\n  3 [C] a ball that is used to play handball:\n  4 [U and C] the act of touching the ball with your hands in a game of football, which is not allowed:  --The referee gave a free kick for handball.//


Words: handbill
Meaning:
n [C]   a small printed notice or advertisement that is given to people//  --Students distributed handbills calling for better funding for schools.//


Words: handbook
Meaning:
n [C]   a short book that gives information or instructions about something//  --the Fiction Writer’s Handbook//


Words: handbrake
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a brake in a car that you pull up with your hand to stop the car from moving when it is parked//  American Equivalent:  emergency brake//


Words: handclap
Meaning:
n  BrE   slow handclap//  if people give someone a slow handclap, they hit their hands together slowly to show that they disapprove of them//


Words: handcuffs
Meaning:
n [plural]   a pair of metal rings joined by a chain. Handcuffs are used for holding a prisoner’s wrists together//  --They put handcuffs on the two men and led them away.//  in handcuffs//  --He was brought into the court in handcuffs.//  --a pair of handcuffs //


Words: Handel
Meaning:
George Frederick   (1685-1759) a British  composer, born in Germany, famous for his  oratorios, such as the  Messiah, and his orchestral music, particularly his  Water Music  and Music for the Royal Fireworks//


Words: handful
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] an amount that you can hold in your hand:  handful of//  --The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us.//\n  2  a handful of sth:  a very small number of people or things//  --There were only a handful of people there.//\n  3  be a handful:   informal someone, especially a child, who is a handful is difficult to control//  --She’s a lovely child, but she can be a bit of a handful sometimes.//


Words: handicap
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: handicap  ’game in which people put their hand, holding money for a bet, into a hat’ (1600-1700), from  hand in cap]//\n  1  old-fashioned if someone has a handicap, a part of their body or their mind has been permanently injured or damaged. Many people think that this word is offensive.:\n  2 a situation that makes it difficult for someone to do what they want:  --Not speaking the language is a real handicap.//\n  3 an advantage that is given to a weaker player in a game of golf:  --He’s improved a lot, and his handicap has come down from 18 to 12.//\n  4 a race for horses in which the best horses carry extra weight so that all the horses have an equal chance of winning:\nhandicap 2   past tense and past participle  handicapped present participle  handicapping  v [T] //  to make it difficult for someone to do something that they want or need to do//  --The charity is handicapped by lack of funds.//


Words: handicapped
Meaning:
adj  old-fashioned \n  1 if someone is handicapped, a part of their body or their mind has been permanently injured or damaged. Some people think that this word is offensive:  --a special school for mentally handicapped children//\n  2  the handicapped [plural] people who are handicapped. Some people think that this expression is offensive;:    disabled//


Words: handicraft
Meaning:
n  also craft  [C usually plural]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: handcraft  ’handicraft’ (10-21 centuries), on the model of  handiwork]//\n  1 an activity such as sewing or making baskets, in which you use your hands in a skilful way to make things:\n  2 something that someone has made in a skilful way using their hands:  --a shop selling pottery and traditional handicrafts//


Words: handily
Meaning:
adv \n  1 something that is handily placed is in a position where it can easily be reached or used:  --She kept the key handily by the back door.//\n  2  AmE if you win something handily, you win easily:


Words: handiwork
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: handgeweorc  ’hand-work’]//  sb’s handiwork//  a) something that someone has made or done using their hands in a skilful way//  --She stood back and admired her handiwork.//  b) something that someone has done or caused//  --The explosion looks like the handiwork of terrorists.//


Words: handle
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 do work:\n   2 deal with a situation:\n   3 deal with a person:\n   4 not become upset:\n   5 hold:\n   6 control a vehicle:\n   7 move goods:\n   8 buy/sell goods:  ----------//\n  1 DO WORK:   [T] to do the things that are necessary to complete a job//  --I handled most of the paperwork.//  --The case is being handled by a top lawyer.//  --The finance department handles all the accounts.//  --Computers can handle huge amounts of data.//\n  2 DEAL WITH A SITUATION:   [T] to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions//  --The headmaster handled the situation very well.//  --I knew I had handled the matter badly.//  --Leave it to me. I can handle it.//  --Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled.//  --Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister handles the crisis.//\n  3 DEAL WITH A PERSON:   [T] to deal with a person or behave towards them in a particular way, especially in order to keep them happy//  --Martin might be useful to us, but he would have to be handled carefully.//  --Some customers are quite difficult to handle.//\n  4 NOT BECOME UPSET:   [T] to not become upset in a difficult situation//  --She can’t handle it when people criticize her.//  --He doesn’t handle stress very well.//\n  5 HOLD:   [T] to touch something or pick it up and hold it in your hands//  --He had never handled a weapon before.//  --We teach the children to handle the animals gently.//  --He was roughly handled by the mob.//\n  6 CONTROL A VEHICLE:  a)  [T] to control the movement of a vehicle or an animal//  --I didn’t know if I’d be able to handle such a large vehicle.//  b)  [I] the way a vehicle handles is how easy it is to control//  handles well/badly //  --The car handles well, even on wet roads.//\n  7 MOVE GOODS:   [T] to move goods from one place to another//  --The Post Office handles nearly 2 billion letters and parcels over the Christmas period.//\n  8 BUY/SELL GOODS:   [T] to buy or sell goods//  --Bennet was charged with handling stolen goods .//\nhandle 2 S3 n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 the part of a door that you use for opening it:  --Then he turned the handle and went in.//  handle, combination lock//\n  2 the part of an object that you use for holding it:  --a knife with a carved wooden handle//  --the handle of his cup//  --a broom handle//\n  3  get a handle on sth:  to start to understand a situation, subject etc//  --It’s difficult to get a handle on how widespread this problem is.//    fly off the handle at fly1 (16)//


Words: handlebars
Meaning:
n [plural]  also handlebar   tire, lock, spoke, reflector, tyre, pedal, handlebars//  the bar above the front wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle that you turn to control its direction//


Words: handler
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who trains an animal, especially a dog:  --a police dog handler//\n  2 someone who touches, carries, or moves things as their job:  --All food handlers should be properly trained.//  --baggage handlers at the airport//\n  3 someone who helps and advises an important person:  --She is kept well away from the press by her handlers.//


Words: handling
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 the way in which someone does a job or deals with a situation, problem, or person:  handling of//  --The President has been much criticized for his handling of the crisis.//  --Such a situation needs very careful handling.//\n  2 the act of touching something:  --The equipment should be able to withstand a certain amount of rough handling.//\n  3 the act of buying, selling, or moving goods:  --cargo handling//  --A special licence is required for the manufacture or handling of any dangerous chemical.//\n  4 the way in which a vehicle can be controlled, especially how easy it is for a driver to control it:  --It’s a lovely little car - the ride is comfortable and the handling excellent.//


Words: handling charge
Meaning:
n [C]   the amount that someone charges for dealing with goods or moving them from one place to another//


Words: handmaiden
Meaning:
[C] \n  1  old-fashioned a female servant:\n  2  formal something that supports an idea, system, or way of life:  handmaiden of//  --Science must not become the handmaiden of the state.//


Words: handout
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 money or goods that are given to someone, for example because they are poor:  --people who have to live on handouts from the state//  --a cash handout//\n  2 a piece of paper with information, which is given to people who are attending a lesson, meeting etc:  --Please read the handout.//


Words: handover
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 the act of giving someone else control of a place or business:  --The president will remain in office until the official handover in April.//  handover of//  --United Nations troops will be in the country to ensure a smooth handover of power .//  --the handover of the business//  handover to//  --The handover to civilian government has been delayed.//\n  2 the act of giving something to someone:  handover of//  --They demanded the immediate handover of all relevant documents.//    hand over at hand2 //


Words: handpicked
Meaning:
adj   someone who is handpicked has been carefully chosen for a special purpose//  --one of his handpicked advisers//


Words: handrail
Meaning:
n [C]   a long bar that is fixed to the side of a set of stairs for people to hold while they walk up or down//


Words: hands-off
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a hands-off way of organizing something involves letting people do what they want and make their own decisions, without telling them what to do//  --a  hands-off style  of management//  --The government has a hands-off approach to the industry.//


Words: hands-on
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   doing something yourself rather than just talking about it or telling other people to do it//  --a chance to get some hands-on experience of the job//  --He has a very hands-on approach to management.//


Words: handsaw
Meaning:
n [C]   a small tool for cutting wood, which has a flat metal blade with a lot of sharp V-shaped teeth//


Words: handset
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the part of a telephone that you hold near your ear and mouth:\n  2 the part of a mobile phone that you hold in your hand:


Words: handsfree
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a handsfree machine is one that you can use without using your hands//  --a handsfree phone//


Words: handshake
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the act of taking someone’s right hand and shaking it, which people do when they meet or leave each other or when they have made an agreement:  --He greeted me with a handshake and a glass of wine.//  --Her handshake was warm and firm.//\n  2 a special signal sent between two computers, fax machines etc when they begin to exchange information:  -- handshaking n  [U] //    golden handshake//


Words: handsome
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: handsome  ’easy to handle’ (15-17 centuries), from  hand]//\n  1 :  a) a man who is handsome looks attractive//   good-looking//  --an extremely handsome young man//  --Sam was tall, dark and handsome .//  --his handsome face see usage note  beautiful//  b) a woman who is handsome looks attractive in a strong healthy way//\n  2 an animal, object, or building that is handsome looks attractive in an impressive way:  --a row of handsome Georgian houses//\n  3 [only before noun] a handsome amount of money is large:  --He managed to make a handsome profit out of the deal.//  --a handsome fee//\n  4 [only before noun] a handsome gift or prize is worth a lot of money:  --There are some handsome prizes to be won.//\n  5 [only before noun] a handsome victory is important and impressive:  --They won a handsome victory in the elections.//  -- handsomely adv //  --He was handsomely rewarded by the king.//


Words: handspring
Meaning:
n [C]   a quick movement in which you put your hands on the ground, move your feet over your head, and stand up again//


Words: handwriting
Meaning:
n [U]   the style of someone’s writing//  --I recognised her handwriting on the envelope.//  --My handwriting has never been very neat.//


Words: Handy
Meaning:
W.C.   (1873-1958) a US  jazz musician and writer of jazz songs, thought to be the first person to write  blues music. His most famous song is  St Louis Blues.//


Words: handy
Meaning:
S3   adj   comparative  handier superlative  handiest //\n  1 useful:  --It’s quite a handy little tool.//  -- It’s very handy having a light above your desk.//  --Take your swimming trunks with you - they might come in handy  (=be useful) .//\n  2  informal near and easy to reach:  --I always keep my gun handy just in case.//  --Do you have a piece of paper handy ?//  handy for//   BrE //  --The house was in Drury Lane, very handy for the theatre.//\n  3 good at using something, especially a tool:  handy with//  --He’s very handy with a screwdriver.//


Words: handyman
Meaning:
n   plural  handymen /-men/ [C] //  someone who is good at doing repairs and practical jobs in the house//


Words: hang
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  hung /h[hA356][hA26E]///  ----------//\n   1 top part fastened:\n   2 picture etc:\n   3 kill/be killed:\n   4 paper:\n   5 door:\n   6 mist/smoke/smell:\n   7 hang open:\n   8 hang in the balance:\n   9 hang by a thread:\n  10 hang (on) in there:\n  11 hang your head:\n  12 hang fire:\n  13 leave something hanging in the air:\n  14 hang a right/left:\n  15 :\n  16 I’ll be hanged if:\n  17 hang it (all):\n  18 hang something:  Phrasal verbs//   hang about//   hang about with somebody//   hang around/round (something)//   hang around with somebody//   hang back//   hang on//   hang on to something//   hang out//   hang over something/somebody//   hang together//   hang up//  ----------//\n  1 TOP PART FASTENED:  a)  also hang up //   [T always + adverb/preposition] to put something in a position so that the top part is fixed or supported, and the bottom part is free to move and does not touch the ground//  --Philip hung his coat on a hook behind the door.//  --She hung the sheets on the washing line.//  b)  [I always + adverb/preposition] to be in a position where the top part is fixed or supported, and the bottom part is free to move and does not touch the ground//  --An old-fashioned gas lamp hung from the ceiling.//  --Her long hair hung loose about her shoulders.//  --The shirt hung down almost to his ankles.//\n  2 PICTURE ETC:  a)  [T] to fix a picture, photograph etc to a wall//  --I wanted to hang the picture in the hall, by the front door.//  b)  [I always + adverb/preposition] if a picture, photograph etc is hanging somewhere, it is fixed to a wall//  --There was a large family photograph hanging on the wall.//  c)  be hung with sth//  if the walls of a room are hung with pictures or decorations, the pictures etc are on the walls//  --The entrance hall was hung with rich tapestries.//\n  3 KILL/BE KILLED:  past tense and past participle  hanged  [I and T] to kill someone by dropping them with a rope around their neck, or to die in this way, especially as a punishment for a serious crime//  be hanged for sth//  --He was hanged for murder.//  hang yourself//  --Corey hanged himself in his prison cell.//  --If he is found guilty, he will almost certainly hang.//\n  4 PAPER:   [T] to fasten attractive paper to a wall in order to decorate a room//  --We spent the afternoon hanging wallpaper .//\n  5 DOOR:   [T] to fasten a door in position//  --Hanging a door is quite a tricky job.//\n  6 MIST/SMOKE/SMELL:   [I + adverb/preposition] if something such as smoke hangs in the air, it stays in the air for a long time//  --The smoke from the bonfires hung in the air.//  --A thick mist hung over the town.//\n  7  hang open:  if a door, someone’s mouth etc hangs open, it is open//\n  8  hang in the balance:  if something hangs in the balance, it is not certain what will happen to it//  --The future of the company hangs in the balance.//\n  9  hang by a thread:  if something is hanging by a thread, it is in a very dangerous situation and may not continue//  --He is still in hospital, his life hanging by a thread.//\n  10  hang (on) in there:   also hang tough //   spoken  especially AmE to remain brave and determined when you are in a difficult situation//  --Don’t worry. Just hang on in there.//\n  11  hang your head:  to look ashamed and embarrassed//  --She hung her head, not sure how to reply.//  --Daphne had hung her head in shame .//\n  12  hang fire:  to wait for a short while before you do something//  --I think we should hang fire for a week.//\n  13  leave sth hanging in the air:  to leave something in a situation where it has not been explained, completed, or dealt with//  --His resignation has left some important questions hanging in the air.//\n  14  hang a right/left:   AmE  spoken to turn right or left when driving//  --Go straight on for two blocks, then hang a left.//\n  15 [I]  AmE  spoken to spend time somewhere, relaxing and enjoying yourself:  hang with//  --We were just hanging with the dudes at Mike’s house.//\n  16  I’ll be hanged if:   BrE  old-fashioned used to express annoyance or to say that you will not allow something to happen//  --I’ll be hanged if I’ll give them any money!//\n  17  hang it (all):   BrE  old-fashioned used to say that you are disappointed or annoyed about something//\n  18  hang sth:   BrE  old-fashioned used to say that you are not going to do something//  --Oh hang the report, let’s go for a drink.//  hang about phr v//\n  1  spoken to move slowly or take too long doing something:  --Come on, we haven’t got time to hang about!//\n  2  hang about (sth):  to spend time somewhere without any real purpose//  --There were always groups of boys hanging about in the square.//  --He normally hung about the house all day.//\n  3  hang about!:   spoken //  a) used to ask someone to wait or stop what they are doing//  b) used when you have just noticed or thought of something that is interesting or wrong//  --Hang about - that can’t be right.//  hang about with [hang about with sb] phr v//  to spend a lot of time with someone//  hang around/round () [hang around/round (sth)] phr v//  to wait or spend time somewhere, doing nothing//  --I hung around the station for an hour but he never came.//  hang around with [hang around with sb] phr v//  to spend a lot of time with someone//  --The people I used to hang around with were much older than me.//  hang back phr v//\n  1 to stay a short distance away from someone or something, and not go too near them:  --Instinctively he hung back in the shelter of a rock.//\n  2 to not say or do something because you are shy or afraid:  hang on phr v//\n  1 to hold something tightly:  hang on to//  --She hung on to the side of the cart as it rattled over the stones.//  --Hang on tight!//\n  2  hang on!:   BrE  spoken //  a) used to ask or tell someone to wait//   hold on//  --Hang on! I’ll be back in a minute.//  b) used when you have just noticed or thought of something that is interesting or wrong//\n  3  hang on sth:  to depend on something//  --Everything hangs on the outcome of this meeting.//\n  4  hang on sb’s words/every word:  to pay close attention to everything someone is saying//  --She was watching his face, hanging on his every word.//  hang on to [hang on to sth] phr v//  to keep something//  --I think I’ll hang on to the documents for a bit longer.//  hang out phr v//\n  1  informal to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people:  hang out with//  --I don’t really know who she hangs out with.//  --Where do the youngsters hang out?//    hangout//\n  2  hang sth → out:  to hang clothes outside in order to dry them//  --My job was to hang out the washing.//  -- Hang the wet things out to dry .//\n  3  let it all hang out:   informal to relax and do what you like//  hang over / [hang over sth/sb] phr v//  if something bad is hanging over you, you are worried or anxious about it//  --The threat of redundancy was still hanging over us.//  --It’s not very nice to have huge debts hanging over your head .//  hang together phr v//\n  1 if a plan, story, set of ideas etc hangs together, it is well organized and its different parts go well together:  --Her story just doesn’t hang together.//\n  2 if people hang together, they help each other:  hang up phr v//\n  1 to finish a telephone conversation:  --I said goodbye and hung up.//  hang up on//  --Don’t hang up on me - I need to talk to you.//\n  2  hang sth → up:  to hang clothes on a hook etc//  --She took her coat off and hung it up.//\n  3  hang up your hat/football boots/briefcase etc:   informal to stop doing a particular kind of work//    hang-up,  hung-up//\nhang 2 n   get the hang of sth//   informal to learn how to do something or use something//  --It seems difficult at first, but you’ll soon get the hang of it.//


Words: Hang Seng Index
Meaning:
the   a number that shows how well or badly  shares in companies have performed on the  stock exchange in Hong Kong on a particular day. The number is based on the share prices of large companies.//    Dow Jones Average//    FT 100 share index, the//    Nikkei Index, the//


Words: hang-glider
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a large frame covered with cloth that you hold on to and fly slowly through the air on, without an engine:\n  2 someone who flies using a hang-glider:


Words: hang-up
Meaning:
hangup/h[zB024][hA26E][hA356]p/ n [C]    informal a feeling of worry or embarrassment about something that you have although there is no real reason to feel this way//  --She had cured him of all his hang-ups.//  hang-up about//  --She’s got a real hang-up about her body.//    hang up at hang1 //


Words: hangdog
Meaning:
adj   hangdog expression/look//  an expression that shows you feel sorry or ashamed about something//  --I could tell from his hangdog look that things had gone badly.//


Words: hanger
Meaning:
n  also coat hanger, clothes hanger  [C]   a curved piece of wood or metal with a hook on top, used for hanging clothes on//  --She took off her jacket and hung it on a hanger.//


Words: hanger-on plural
Meaning:
hangers-on  n [C]   someone who spends a lot of time with a rich or important person, because they hope to get some advantage for themselves//  --He was surrounded by a crowd of friends and hangers-on.//


Words: hanging
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U and C] the act of killing someone by putting a rope around their neck and dropping them, used as a punishment:  --public hangings//  --people who believe that bringing back hanging will reduce the amount of crime//\n  2 [C] a large piece of cloth that is hung on a wall as a decoration:  --a colourful wall hanging//


Words: hanging basket
Meaning:
n [C]   a basket with plants growing in it that is hung on the outside of a building as decoration//


Words: hangnail
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: agnail  ’painful place on the foot’ (15-18 centuries), from  Old English angn[zB024]gl]//  a piece of skin that has become loose near the bottom of your fingernail//


Words: hangout
Meaning:
n [C]    informal a place someone likes to go to often//  --The bar is a favourite hangout for students.//


Words: hangover
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a pain in your head and a feeling of sickness that you get the day after you have drunk too much alcohol:  --I had a terrible hangover the next day.//\n  2  a hangover from sth:  something from the past that still exists or happens but is no longer necessary or useful//  --This feeling was a hangover from her schooldays.//  --an institution which is a hangover from Victorian times//


Words: hank
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: h[hA177]nk]//  an amount of wool or thread that has been wound into a loose ball//


Words: hanker
Meaning:
v   hanker after/for [hanker after/for sth] phr v//  [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from  Flemish hankeren, from  hangen  ’to hang’]//  to feel strongly that you want something//  --She hankered for a new life in a different country.//  --holidaymakers who hanker after the sun//


Words: hankering
Meaning:
n [singular]   a strong wish to have or do something//  hankering for/after//  --his hankering for adventure//  a hankering to do sth//  --I’ve always had a hankering to be a doctor.//


Words: hankie
Meaning:
hanky/h[zB024][hA26E]ki/ n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: handkerchief]//   informal a handkerchief//


Words: hanky-panky
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  hocus-pocus]//   informal sexual activity - used humorously//


Words: Hanna Barbera
Meaning:
two  cartoonists, William Hanna (1910-2001) and Joe Barbera (1911- ), who worked together for almost 50 years to make many popular  cartoons, including  Tom and Jerry,  The  Flintstones, and  Yogi Bear//


Words: Hannibal
Meaning:
(247-183 BC) a  general who led the army of  Carthage in its war against the  Romans between 218 and 201 BC. Hannibal is famous especially for having crossed the  Alps into Italy with a large army and 37  elephants.//


Words: Hanseatic League
Meaning:
the   a trade organization of German towns, which existed from the 13th to the 17th centuries to protect each other against competition from abroad. Bremen, Hamburg, and Lubeck are still known as Hanseatic cities.//


Words: Hansel and Gretel
Meaning:
the two main characters in the  fairy tale Hansel and Gretel by the  Brothers Grimm. Hansel and Gretel are a brother and sister who get lost in a forest. They find a house made of  gingerbread, which is owned by an evil  witch who likes to catch children and eat them. When the witch tries to cook Hansel, Gretel pushes her into the  oven, and Hansel and Gretel escape with the witch’s money and jewels.//


Words: hansom
Meaning:
n  also hansom cab  [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Joseph  Hansom (1803-82), British architect who designed it]//  a small vehicle pulled by a horse which was used in the past as a taxi//


Words: Hanukkah
Meaning:
Chanukah/h[hA35A][hA359]n[hA369]k[hA353] $ k[hA35A][hA359]n[hA353]k[hA353], h[hA35A][hA359]-/ n [U and C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Hebrew; Origin: ’dedication’]//  an eight-day Jewish holiday in November or December//


Words: haphazard
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: hap (  HAPPY) +  hazard]//  happening or done in a way that is not planned or organized//  a haphazard way/manner/fashion //  --I continued my studies in a rather haphazard way.//  --Educational provision in the country is haphazard.//  -- haphazardly adv //  --bushes growing haphazardly here and there//


Words: hapless
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: hap (  HAPPY)]//   literary unlucky//  --The hapless passengers were stranded at the airport for three days.//


Words: happen
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: hap (  HAPPY)]//\n  1 when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned:   occur//  --When did the accident happen?//  --It’s impossible to predict what will happen next.//  sth/nothing/anything happens //  --Something terrible has happened.//  --She carried on as if nothing had happened.//  --This was bound to happen sooner or later.//  --This kind of thing happens all the time .//  --We’ll still be friends, whatever happens .//\n  2  sth/anything/what happens to sb/sth:  if something happens to someone or something, they are affected by an event//  --He should be here by now - something must have happened to him.//  --The same thing happened to me last year.//  --What’s happened to your coat? It’s all ripped.//  --What will happen to the collection now?//\n  3  happen to do sth:  if you happen to do something, you do it by chance//  --I happened to see James in town.//\n  4  sb/sth happens to be sth:  used when telling someone something in an angry way//  --This happens to be my house!//\n  5  as it happens/it just so happens:  used to tell someone something that is surprising, interesting, or useful//  --As it happens, I know someone who might be able to help you.//\n  6  these things happen:  used to tell someone not to worry about a mistake they have made, an accident they have caused etc//  --It’s not your fault - these things happen.//\n  7  whatever happened to sb/sth?:  used to ask where a person or thing is now//  --Whatever happened to Steve? I haven’t seen him for years.//    accidents (will) happen at accident(5)//  happen on/upon / [happen on/upon sb/sth] phr v//  to find something or meet someone by chance//  --I happened on the restaurant by chance.//


Words: happening
Meaning:
S2   n [C usually plural]   something that happens, especially a strange event//  strange/unusual/mysterious etc happenings //  --There have been reports of strange happenings in the town.//\nhappening 2 adj  informal   fashionable and exciting//  --Brighton is definitely a happening place.//


Words: happenstance
Meaning:
n [U and C]  literary   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: happen +  circumstance]//  chance, or something that happens by chance//


Words: happily
Meaning:
adv \n  1 in a happy way:  --Michelle smiled happily.//  --I’m a happily married man.//  --So she married the prince, and they lived happily ever after  (=used at the end of children’s stories to say that someone was happy for the rest of their life) .//\n  2 [sentence adverb] fortunately:  --Happily, his injuries were not serious.//\n  3 very willingly:  --I’d happily go for you.//  --Most restaurants will happily accept payment by cheque.//


Words: happiness
Meaning:
n [U]   the state of being happy//  --Juliet’s eyes shone with happiness.//  --We want our children to have the best possible chance of happiness.//


Words: happy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  happier superlative  happiest //  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: hap  ’chance, luck’ (13-20 centuries), from  Old Norse happ]//\n  1 having feelings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life:  → sad//  --It’s a lovely house and we’ve been very happy here.//  --I’ve never felt happier in my life.//  --He was a happy child who rarely cried.//  --the happy faces of the children//  --I loved her and thought I could make her happy .//  happy to do sth//  --John will be so happy to see you.//  happy (that)//  --I’m happy that everything worked out well in the end.//  be/feel happy for sb //  --What a wonderful opportunity! I’m so happy for you.//  happy in your work/job etc //  happy to be doing sth//  --We’re very happy to be taking part.//  the happy couple (=a couple that have just got married or will soon get married) //\n  2 [usually before noun] a happy time, relationship, event etc is a good one that makes you feel happy:  --This has been the happiest day of my life.//  --They had a very happy marriage.//  --I have lots of happy memories of the place.//  --The story has a happy ending , however.//  --When’s the happy event  (=the birth of your child) ?//\n  3 [not before noun] satisfied or not worried:  happy with//  --On the whole, I’m happy with the way I look.//  --People living nearby are not happy with the decision.//  happy about//  --Mom wasn’t happy about Tess going off travelling on her own.//  --I pretended to agree with her, just to keep her happy .//  happy doing sth//  --I’m quite happy doing what I’m doing.//\n  4  be happy to do sth:  to be very willing to do something, especially to help someone//  --Our team will be happy to help.//  --I’d be happy to take you in my car.//\n  5  Happy Birthday/New Year/Christmas etc:  used to wish someone happiness on a special occasion//  --Happy Birthday, Michael!//  --Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!//\n  6  many happy returns:  used to wish someone happiness on their birthday//\n  7 [only before noun] fortunate or lucky:  --By a happy coincidence , James was also in town that weekend.//  --I’m in the happy position of not having to work.//\n  8  a happy medium (between sth and sth):  a way of doing something that is not extreme but is somewhere between two possible choices//  --I always tried to strike a happy medium between having a home that looked like a bomb had hit it and becoming obsessively tidy.//\n  9 [only before noun]  formal suitable:  --His choice of words was not a very happy one.//  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: words meaning happy //  cheerful behaving in a way that shows you are happy //  in a good mood happy at a particular time, and therefore friendly to other people //  pleased/glad happy because something good has happened //  delighted/thrilled/overjoyed/ecstatic very happy because something good has happened //  contented happy with your life //  optimistic/positive believing that good things will happen in the future //  gleeful/gloating smug happy because something bad has happened to someone else //  ----------//


Words: happy-clappy
Meaning:
adj  BrE  informal   relating to a Christian church where people sing, shout, show their emotions, and encourage other people to join their church - used to show disapproval//  --happy-clappy Christians//  -- happy clappy n  [C] //


Words: Hapsburg
Meaning:
the name of an important European royal family that ruled in Austria from 1278 to 1918 and in Spain from 1516 to 1700. The German spelling of the name is Habsburg.//  -- Hapsburg adj //


Words: harakiri
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Japanese; Origin: ’stomach-cutting’]//  a way of killing yourself by cutting open your stomach, used in the past in Japan to avoid losing honour//


Words: harangue
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Old Italian aringa]//  to speak in a loud angry way, often for a long time, in order to criticize someone or to persuade them that you are right//  harangue sb about sth//  --He stood on the street corner, haranguing passers-by about the stupidity of the forthcoming war.//  -- harangue n  [C] //


Words: harass
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: harasser, from  harer  ’to set a dog on’]//\n  1 to make someone’s life unpleasant, for example by frequently saying offensive things to them or threatening them:  --A number of black youths have complained of being harassed by the police.//  sexually/racially harass sb (=harass someone because of their sex or race) //  --One woman claimed that she had been sexually harassed by a male manager.//\n  2 to keep attacking an enemy again and again:


Words: harassed
Meaning:
adj  BrE   anxious and tired because you have too many problems or things to do//  --He looked pale and harassed.//


Words: harassment
Meaning:
n [U]   when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you//  --African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.//  harassment of//  --Political parties are banned, and harassment of dissidents is commonplace.//  sexual/racial harassment (=because of someone’s sex or race) //  --We need effective strategies to combat sexual harassment in the workplace.//


Words: harbinger
Meaning:
n [C]  literary  or  formal   [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: herbergere  ’host’, from  herberge  ’place you stay at’]//  a sign that something is going to happen soon//  harbinger of//  --These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .//


Words: harbour
Meaning:
BrE  harbor AmE   n [C]   an area of water next to the land where the water is calm, so that ships are safe when they are inside it//  --as they sailed into Portsmouth Harbour//\nharbour 2  BrE  harbor AmE v [T] \n  1 to keep bad thoughts, fears, or hopes in your mind for a long time:  --I think he’s harbouring some sort of grudge against me.//  --She began to harbour doubts over the wisdom of their journey.//\n  2 to contain something, especially something hidden and dangerous:  --Sinks and draining boards can harbour germs.//\n  3 to protect and hide criminals that the police are searching for:


Words: hard
Meaning:
adj   comparative  harder superlative  hardest //  ----------//\n   1 firm to touch:\n   2 difficult:\n   3 work/effort:\n   4 full of problems:\n   5 be hard on somebody:\n   6 be hard on something:\n   7 do something the hard way:\n   8 using force:\n   9 hard evidence/facts/information etc:\n  10 unkind:\n  11 hard going:\n  12 make hard work of something:\n  13 be hard at it/work:\n  14 water:\n  15 hard luck:\n  16 give somebody a hard time:\n  17 have a hard time:\n  18 drive/strike a hard bargain:\n  19 hard feelings:\n  20 take a (long) hard look at something/somebody:\n  21 hard line:\n  22 hard news:\n  23 not frightened:\n  24 (as) hard as nails:\n  25 a hard taskmaster/master:\n  26 a hard winter/frost:\n  27 the hard left/right:\n  28 light:\n  29 alcohol:\n  30 a hard left/right:\n  31 pronunciation:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: heard]//\n  1 FIRM TO TOUCH:  firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut//  → soft//  --a hard wooden chair//  --the hardest substance known to man//  --After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.//\n  2 DIFFICULT:  difficult to do or understand//   difficult//  → easy//  --This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s.//  --You’ll have to make some hard decisions.//  --They’re a hard team to beat.//  it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc //  --It was hard to see what else we could have done.//  --It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.//  find it hard to do sth //  --I was finding it hard to concentrate.//  --Permanent jobs are hard to come by  (=difficult to find or get) .//  be hard for sb//  --It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own.//  --Telling my parents is going to be the hardest thing about it.//  have a hard time doing sth (=be difficult for someone to do something) //  --You’ll have a hard time proving that.//  --I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer.//  --Such criticism was hard to take  (=difficult to accept) .//\n  3 WORK/EFFORT:   [usually before noun] using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort//  --To be successful in sport requires hard work and a great deal of determination.//  --After a hard day at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.//  a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc //  --There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing.//  --Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was too much like hard work  (=it would involve too much work) .//\n  4 FULL OF PROBLEMS:  a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money//  --She’s had a hard life .//  -- Times were hard and they were forced to sell their house.//  --He had clearly fallen on hard times  (=did not have much money) .//\n  5  be hard on sb:  a) to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them//  --Perhaps I’m too hard on her.//  b) to have a bad effect on someone//  --Divorce can be very hard on children.//\n  6  be hard on sth:  to have a bad effect on something//  --Standing all day is very hard on the feet.//\n  7  do sth the hard way:  to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes//  --He learned the hard way about the harsh reality of the boxing world.//  --Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I learned this lesson the hard way .//  --He earned his promotion the hard way.//\n  8 USING FORCE:  using a lot of force//  --Jane gave the door a good hard push.//  --She gave him a hard slap.//\n  9  hard evidence/facts/information etc:  facts that are definitely true and can be proved//  --There is no hard evidence to support this theory.//\n  10 UNKIND:  showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings//  --a hard face//  --Her voice was hard and cold.//  --You’re a hard man, John.//\n  11  hard going:  a) difficult to do and needing a lot of effort//  --A strong wind made the race very hard going.//  b) boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc//  --I find some of his friends pretty hard going.//\n  12  make hard work of sth:  to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is//  --Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.//\n  13  be hard at it/work:   informal to be very busy doing something//  --Sarah was hard at it on her computer.//\n  14 WATER:  hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap//  → soft//\n  15  hard luck:  a)  BrE  spoken used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do//  --’I failed my driving test.’ ’Oh, hard luck!’//  b) when bad things happen to you that are not your fault//  --You’ve had your share of hard luck.//  hard luck on//  --It was hard luck on you.//  c)  spoken  also hard cheese  BrE //  used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc//  --If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!//  --’He doesn’t know what to do.’ ’Well that’s his hard luck!’//\n  16  give sb a hard time:   informal //  a) to treat someone badly or cause problems for them//  --Giving you a hard time, is she?//  --They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time.//  b) to criticize someone a lot//  --Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.//\n  17  have a hard time:  to have a lot of problems or bad experiences//  --I’m glad she’s happy at last - she’s had such a hard time.//  --Vegetarians still often have a hard time of it when it comes to eating out.//\n  18  drive/strike a hard bargain:  to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement//  --The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.//\n  19  hard feelings:  a) anger between people because of something that has happened//  --We’d known each other too long for hard feelings.//  --I have no hard feelings towards Steve.//  b)  no hard feelings//   spoken used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you//  --I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?//\n  20  take a (long) hard look at sth/sb:  to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour//  --You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.//  --Newspaper editors should take a long hard look at themselves and clean up their act.//\n  21  hard line:  a strict way of dealing with someone or something//  --The president should abandon his hard line in the region.//  take/adopt a hard line (on sth) //  --The school takes a very hard line on drugs.//\n  22  hard news:  news stories that are about serious subjects or events//  --TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.//\n  23 NOT FRIGHTENED:   BrE  spoken strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything//  --He thinks he’s really hard.//  --Jones was known as soccer’s hard man .//\n  24  (as) hard as nails:  someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy//\n  25  a hard taskmaster/master:  someone who makes people work too hard//\n  26  a hard winter/frost:  a very cold winter or frost//  → mild//\n  27  the hard left/right:  people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas//   far left/right, extreme//  --concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas//\n  28 LIGHT:   especially literary hard light is bright and unpleasant//   harsh//  --the hard brilliance of the moonlight//\n  29 ALCOHOL:   [only before noun]  informal very strong//  --hard liquor//  --I never touch the hard stuff  (=strong alcohol) .//    hard drugs//\n  30  a hard left/right:  a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving//   sharp//\n  31 PRONUNCIATION:  a hard ’c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ’g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz///    soft//  -- hardness n  [U] //  --a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glass//  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: hard //  hard and not bending: solid,  firm,  stiff,  rigid //  meat that is too hard: tough //  skin that is old and hard: leathery,  calloused //  hard and easily broken: brittle //  ----------//\nhard 2 adv   comparative  harder superlative  hardest //  ----------//\n   1 using energy/effort:\n   2 with force:\n   3 become solid:\n   4 be hard hit/be hit hard:\n   5 be hard put/pressed/pushed to do something:\n   6 be/feel hard done by:\n   7 take something hard:\n   8 hard upon/on something:\n   9 laugh/cry hard:  ----------//\n  1 USING ENERGY/EFFORT:  using a lot of effort, energy, or attention//  --She has worked hard all her life.//  --He had thought long and hard before getting involved with the project.//  --She tried her hardest to ignore what he’d said.//  --Ella was concentrating very hard.//  --I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.//  --Sam stared hard at the floor.//\n  2 WITH FORCE:  with a lot of force//  --You need to hit the ball hard.//  --He slammed the door hard behind him.//  --It was raining very hard.//\n  3 BECOME SOLID:  becoming solid, stiff, or firm//  --By now the cement had set hard.//\n  4  be hard hit/be hit hard:  to be badly affected by something that has happened//  --Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.//\n  5  be hard put/pressed/pushed to do sth:   informal to have difficulty doing something//  --You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job.//    hard-pressed//\n  6  be/feel hard done by:   informal to be or feel unfairly treated//  --As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.//\n  7  take sth hard:  to be very upset about something, especially bad news//  --Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.//\n  8  hard upon/on sth:   BrE  formal soon after something//  --His second major contract followed hard upon the first.//\n  9  laugh/cry hard:  to laugh, cry etc a lot//  --He laughed so hard he had tears in his eyes//    hard by,  hard up,  (hard/hot/close) on sb’s heels at heel1 (7b),  (hard/hot/close) on the heels of sth at heel1 (7a)//    play hard to get at play1 (23)//


Words: hard copy
Meaning:
n [U and C]   information from a computer that is printed out onto paper, or the printed papers themselves//


Words: hard core
Meaning:
n [singular]  BrE   a) the small group of people that are most active within a group or organization//  --the hard core of the Communist party//  b) a group of people who cannot be persuaded to change their behaviour or beliefs//  --There is still a small hard core of football supporters who cause trouble whenever they can.//


Words: hard currency
Meaning:
n [U and C]   money that is from a country that has a strong economy and is therefore unlikely to lose its value//


Words: hard drive
Meaning:
n [C]   the part of a computer where information and programs are stored, consisting of hard disks and the electronic equipment that reads what is stored on them//


Words: hard of hearing
Meaning:
adj [not before noun] \n  1 unable to hear very well:    deaf//\n  2  the hard of hearing [plural] people who are unable to hear very well:


Words: hard porn
Meaning:
n [U]   magazines, films etc that show sexual behaviour in an unacceptable, sometimes violent way//    soft porn//


Words: hard rock
Meaning:
n [U]   a type of rock music that is played loudly, has a strong beat, and uses electric instruments//


Words: hard sell
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 a way of selling something in which there is a lot of pressure on you to buy:  → soft sell//\n  2  AmE if an idea is a hard sell, it is difficult to get people to accept it:


Words: hard shoulder
Meaning:
n [singular]  BrE   the area at the side of a big road where you are allowed to stop if you have a problem with your car//  American Equivalent:  shoulder//


Words: Hard Times
Meaning:
(1854) a book by Charles  Dickens about life in an imaginary industrial city in northern England. One of its main characters is the businessman Thomas  Gradgrind, who is only interested in facts and practical matters, and teaches his children that love and imagination have no use or value.//


Words: hard up
Meaning:
adj \n  1 if you are hard up, you do not have much money:  --I’m a bit hard up at the moment.//\n  2 not having something that you want or need:  --’How about a date with Tom?’ ’No, thanks, I’m not that hard up.’//  hard up for//  --The media are obviously hard up for stories.//


Words: hard-and-fast
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   clear, definite, and always able to be used//  --It is impossible to give hard-and-fast rules , but here are some points to consider.//


Words: hard-bitten
Meaning:
adj   not easily shocked or upset, because you have had a lot of experience//  --a hard-bitten cop//


Words: hard-boiled
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a hard-boiled egg has been boiled until it becomes solid:    soft-boiled//\n  2  informal :  a) not showing your emotions and not influenced by your feelings//   tough//  --a hard-boiled marketing executive//  b)  hard-boiled film/thriller/fiction etc//  a film etc that deals with people who do not show their emotions//


Words: hard-core
Meaning:
hardcore/h[hA35A][hA359]dk[hA350][hA359] $ h[hA35A][hA359]rdk[hA350][hA359]r/ adj \n  1 [only before noun] having an extreme way of life or an extreme belief that is very unlikely to change:  --a hard-core drug addict//  --hard-core racists//\n  2  hard-core pornography:  magazines, films etc that show the details of sexual behaviour, often in an unpleasant way//


