# dict

Words: let’s
Meaning:
the short form of ’let us’, used especially to make suggestions//  --Let’s go!//  ----------//  SUGGESTIONS //  Use  let’s  to make a suggestion about something you and someone else could do together.  Let’s ... is a fairly firm way to suggest something, and is usually used when you think the other person will agree : Let’s go somewhere different tonight! |  Let’s start by introducing ourselves. //  !!  Do not forget the apostrophe : Let’s go (NOT Lets go). //  !!  To make a negative suggestion, do not say ’let’s don’t’. Use  let’s not : Let’s not tell anyone about this.| Let’s not go out tonight. //  Speakers of British English also sometimes say  don’t let’s : Don’t let’s argue. //  ----------//


Words: let-up
Meaning:
also  letup AmE   n [singular, U]   when something unpleasant stops or becomes less difficult, severe etc//  no let-up/not any let-up //  --The pressure at work continued without any letup.//  let-up in//  --Streets were flooded, but still there was no let-up in the rain.//    let up at let1 //


Words: letdown
Meaning:
n [singular]    informal an event, performance etc that is not as good as you expected it to be//   disappointment//  --The end of the book was a real letdown.//    let down at let1 //


Words: lethal
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: lethalis, from  lethum  ’death’, from  letum (influenced by  Greek lethe;   LETHARGIC)]//\n  1 causing death, or able to cause death:    fatal//  --a lethal dose of heroin//  --a lethal weapon //  --death by lethal injection //  --a lethal cocktail of drink and pills//  lethal to//  --These chemicals are lethal to fish.//\n  2  informal likely to be powerful or dangerous - often used humorously:  --They were all drinking lethal amounts of tequila!//  --Higher taxes and higher inflation were a lethal combination .//


Words: lethargic
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: lethargicus, from  Greek, from  lethargos  ’forgetful, lazy’, from  lethe  ’forgetfulness’ +  argos  ’lazy’]//  feeling as if you have no energy and no interest in doing anything//   lazy//  --The hot weather was making us all lethargic.//  -- lethargically/-kli/ adv //


Words: lethargy
Meaning:
n [U]   the feeling of being lethargic//  --New mothers often complain of lethargy and mild depression.//


Words: Lethe
Meaning:
in ancient Greek  mythology, a river in  Hades (=the place under the ground where the spirits of dead people are supposed to live) . When people who have died drink its water, they forget everything that happened when they were alive.//


Words: letter
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: lettre, from  Latin littera]//\n  1 a written or printed message that is usually put in an envelope and sent by mail:  letter from/to//  --I got a long letter from Melanie today.//  --Bart’s writing a letter to his parents.//  post a letter  BrE //  /mail a letter  AmE //  --Could you post this letter for me?//  a letter of thanks/introduction/complaint etc //  --Julie received a letter of apology from the hospital.//  --a business letter//    chain letter,  covering letter,  letter of credit,  open letter,  thank-you letter at thank-you(2)//\n  2 a sign in writing or printing that represents a speech sound:  --There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.//  --Fill in the form in capital letters  (=written in their large form) .//    block letters//\n  3  to the letter:  paying exact attention to the details of something//  --I followed the instructions to the letter, but it still wouldn’t work.//\n  4  the letter of the law:  the exact words of a law or agreement rather than the intended or general meaning//  --employees who stick to the letter of the law in their contracts//    the spirit of the law at spirit1 (11)//\n  5  AmE a large cloth letter that you sew onto a jacket, given as a reward for playing in a school or college sports team:  --Mark got a letter in soccer.//\n  6  English/American/German etc letters [plural]  formal the study of the literature of a particular country or language:  --a major figure in English letters//    dead letter,  man of letters//\nletter 2 v \n  1 [T usually passive] to write, draw, paint etc letters or words on something:  --The card was neatly lettered P.A. DUFFY.//  letter sth in sth//  --Several pages are lettered in gold.//\n  2 [I]  AmE to earn a letter1(5) in a sport:  letter in//  --He lettered in basketball at Brandeis.//


Words: letter of credit
Meaning:
n [C]   an official letter from a bank allowing a particular person to take money from another bank//


Words: letterbox
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  BrE a narrow hole in a door, or a special box outside a house where letters, packages etc are delivered:  American Equivalent:  mail box//\n  2  BrE a box in a post office or street, in which letters are posted:  British Equivalent:  post boxAmerican Equivalent:  mail box//


Words: letterboxing
Meaning:
n [U]   when a film from the cinema is broadcast on television with black bands at the top and bottom of the television screen so that the film will have the same dimensions as it did on a cinema screen//


Words: letterhead
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] the name and address that is printed at the top of a sheet of writing paper:\n  2 [U]  AmE paper that has the name and address of a person or business printed at the top of it:  --The letter had been written on university letterhead.//


Words: lettering
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 written or drawn letters, especially of a particular type, size, colour etc:  --Chinese lettering//\n  2 the art of writing or drawing letters or words:


Words: letting
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a house or apartment that can be rented//  --short-term holiday lettings//  a letting agent/agency (=one that arranges lettings) //


Words: lettuce
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: laitues, plural of  laitue, from  Latin lactuca, from  lac  ’milk’; because of its milky juice]//  a round vegetable with thin green leaves eaten raw in salads//


Words: leukemia
Meaning:
also  leukaemia BrE   n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: leukos  ’white’ +  -aimia (from  haima  ’blood’)]//  a type of cancer of the blood, that causes weakness and sometimes death //


Words: Levant
Meaning:
the Levant//  an old name for the area of land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, including Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and parts of Turkey//  -- Levantine n  adj //


Words: levee
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: levee, from  lever  ’to raise’]//  a special wall built to stop a river flooding//


Words: level
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 amount:\n   2 standard:\n   3 height:\n   4 floor/ground:\n   5 rank of job:\n   6 way of understanding:\n   7 at local/state/national etc level:\n   8 a level playing field:\n   9 be on the level:\n  10 descend/sink to somebody’s level:\n  11 tool:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: livel, from  Latin libella, from  libra  ’weight, balance’]//\n  1 AMOUNT:  the amount or degree of something, compared to another amount or degree//  level of//  --Increased supplies are needed to meet the level of demand.//  high/low level //  --Dolphins show a high level of intelligence.//  --Inflation dropped to its lowest level in 30 years.//  --At the moment, public interest is at a high level .//  price/income etc levels //  --the high salary levels of top executives//  --Special attention was paid to minimising noise levels .//  --Try to reduce your stress levels .//  --the downward trend in annual pollution levels //\n  2 STANDARD:  a particular standard of skill or ability, for example in education or sport//  at ... level//  --Students at this level may have problems with basic grammar.//  --What level do you think you’re at?//  beginner/advanced/national etc level //  --Few athletes can compete at international level.//  --an advanced-level coursebook//    A level//\n  3 HEIGHT:  the height of something in relation to the ground or to another object//  at ... level//  --Your arms should be at the same level as your desk.//  eye/knee/shoulder etc level (=the same height as your eyes etc) //  --Skirts this year are just above knee level.//  water/oil etc level (=the height of the water etc from the ground or the bottom of a container) //  --Check the water level in the car radiator.//    ground level,  sea level//\n  4 FLOOR/GROUND:  a floor or area of ground that is at a particular height, especially when you can go up or down to other floors or areas//  on ... level//  --Didn’t we park the car on Level 2?//  --The town is built on different levels.//  --The medical center is on one level (=so that you do not have to go up or down) .//    split-level//\n  5 RANK OF JOB:  a particular position in a system that has different ranks of importance//  at ... level//  --Training is offered at each level in the department.//  at board/management/senior etc level //  --Further talks at ministerial level were held.//    high-level,  low-level//\n  6 WAY OF UNDERSTANDING:  a way of considering or understanding something//  on ... level//  --The story can be understood on many different levels.//  on a personal/practical/superficial etc level //  --I agree with you, but only on a theoretical level.//\n  7  at local/state/national etc level:  happening within a small area or the whole area of a state, country etc//  --These changes are taking place at regional level.//\n  8  a level playing field:  a situation in which different people, companies, countries, etc can all compete fairly because no one has special advantages//  --Small businesses want to compete on a level playing field with larger ones.//\n  9  be on the level:   informal to be honest and legal//  --This is all on the level, right?//\n  10  descend/sink to sb’s level:  to behave as badly as someone//  --If you hit him back, you’ll only be descending to his level.//\n  11 TOOL:  a tool used for checking that a surface is flat//   spirit-level//\nlevel 2 adj \n  1 flat and not sloping in any direction:  --The floors in the old house were not completely level.//  --a level surface suitable for wheelchairs//\n  2 :  a) two things that are level are at the same height as each other//  level with//  --Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.//  --The curtains aren’t quite level.//  b)  BrE two sports teams, competitors etc that are level have the same number of points//  level with//  --Before the weekend, Madrid was level with Barcelona.//  --They finished level , with ten points each.//    level-pegging//  c) having the same value or position as something or someone else//  level with//  --Borrowing rates rose to over 8%, roughly level with those in America.//  --He cycled along beside her, keeping level.//\n  3  do your level best (to do sth):  to try as hard as possible to do something//  --I’ll do my level best to help you.//\n  4  a level voice/look/gaze:  a steady voice, look etc, that shows you are calm or determined//\n  5  level teaspoon/cup etc (of sth):  an amount of a substance that fills a spoon, cup etc to the top but no more, used as a measure in cooking//  --Add one level teaspoon of salt.//    heaped teaspoon etc at heaped//    draw level at draw1 (11)//\nlevel 3 v   past tense and past participle  levelled present participle  levelling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  leveled present participle  leveling  AmE //\n  1 [T]  also level sth → off/out :  to make something flat and smooth//  --Workers leveled the wet concrete with a piece of wood.//  --Cover with a layer of sand and level it off.//\n  2 [T] to knock down or destroy a building or area completely:  --Bombs levelled a large part of the town.//\n  3 [I and T]  BrE to make the score in a game or competition equal:  --He slipped the ball into the net to level the score at 1/1.//  --United went ahead but the visitors levelled in the 73rd minute.//\n  4  level criticism/charges/accusations etc at/against sb:  to aim criticism etc at a particular person, country etc, especially publicly//  --the criticism levelled at the United States//  --Serious allegations were levelled against the minister.//  level at / [level sth at sb/sth] phr v//  to aim something such as a weapon at someone or something//  --Slowly he levelled his gun at the tiger.//  level off/out phr v//\n  1 to stop going up or down and continue at the same height:  --After climbing steeply, the path levelled off.//  --The plane levelled out at 30,000 feet.//\n  2 to stop rising or falling and become steady:  --Inflation has begun to level off.//\n  3  level sth → off/out:  to make something flat and smooth//  level with [level with sb] phr v//  to speak honestly to someone, after hiding some unpleasant facts from them//  --She decided to level with him and tell him how she felt.//    be on the level at level1 (9)//


Words: level crossing
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a place where a railway crosses a road, usually protected by gates//  American Equivalent:  railroad crossing//


Words: level-pegging
Meaning:
n   be level-pegging//   BrE if competitors in a race, election etc are level-pegging, they are equal and it is difficult to know who will win//


Words: leveller
Meaning:
BrE  leveler AmE   n [C]   something, especially death or illness, that makes people of all classes and ranks seem equal//


Words: Levellers
Meaning:
the   a religious and political group in England in the 17th century, which began during the English  Civil War, and demanded equal political rights and freedom of religion for everyone//


Words: lever
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: levier, from  lever  ’to raise’]//\n  1 a stick or handle on a machine or piece of equipment, that you move to operate it:  -- Pull this lever to open the gate.//    gear lever//\n  2 a long thin piece of metal that you use to lift something heavy by putting one end under the object and pushing the other end down:\n  3 something you use to influence a situation to get the result that you want:  --Rich countries use foreign aid as a lever to achieve political aims.//\nlever 2 v [T] \n  1 to move something with a lever:  lever sth off/up/out etc//  --He levered the stone into place.//\n  2  lever yourself up/onto/out of etc sth:  to move your body by pushing on something with your arms to help you//  --He slowly levered himself up.//\n  3 to make someone leave a particular job, situation etc:  lever sb out//  --They’re trying to lever him out of his job.//


Words: leverage
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 influence that you can use to make people do what you want:  --diplomatic leverage by the US//\n  2 the action, power, or use of a lever:\nleverage 2 v [T]  AmE  technical \n  1 to make money available to someone in order to invest or to buy something such as a company:  --the use of public funds to leverage private investment//\n  2 to spread or use  resources (=money, skills, buildings etc that an organization has available) , ideas etc again in several different ways or in different parts of a company, system etc:  leverage sth across sth//  --Reusable software is leveraged across many applications.//


Words: leveraged buyout
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   when someone borrows money to buy all or most of the stock of a company by promising to pay the bank back by selling the company’s assets if they cannot pay back the money they borrowed//


Words: leviathan
Meaning:
n [C]  literary   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Leviathan a very large sea animal in the Bible, from  Late Latin, from  Hebrew liwyathan]//\n  1 something very large and strong:  --a leviathan of a ship//\n  2 a very large and frightening sea animal:


Words: levitate
Meaning:
v [I and T]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: levity]//  to rise and float in the air by magic, or to make someone or something do this//  -- levitation/lev[hA369]te[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U] //


Words: levity
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: levitas, from  levis  ’light’]//   formal lack of respect or seriousness when you are dealing with something serious//  → gravity//


Words: levy
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  levied present participle  levying third person singular  levies  [T] //  to officially say that people must pay a tax or charge//  levy a tax/charge/fine etc (on sth) //  --a new tax levied on all electrical goods//\nlevy 2   plural  levies  n [C] //  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: levee;   LEVEE]//  an additional sum of money, usually paid as a tax//  levy on//  --He wants to impose a levy on landfill waste.//


Words: lewd
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: l[zB024]wede  ’not a priest, knowing nothing’]//  using rude words or movements that make you think of sex//  --lewd comments//  -- lewdly adv //  -- lewdness n  [U] //


Words: Lewis
Meaning:
C. S.   (1898-1963) a British writer and university teacher. He wrote literary and religious works but is famous for his children’s stories  The Chronicles of Narnia, which include the well-known novel  The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe//\n Meriwether     Lewis and Clark//\n Sinclair   (1885-1951) a US writer of novels, including  Main Street,  Babbitt, and  Elmer Gantry, in which he makes fun of life in small US towns. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930.//


Words: Lewis and Clark
Meaning:
two  explorers, Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and William Clark (1770-1838), who travelled across North America from 1804 to 1806, going up the Missouri River and over the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast. They drew maps and gathered information about the Native American people who lived there.//


Words: lexical
Meaning:
adj  technical   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: lexikos;   LEXICON]//  dealing with words, or related to words//


Words: lexicography
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Greek; Origin: lexikographos  ’dictionary-writer’, from  lexikon (  LEXICON) +  Greek -graphos  ’writer’]//  the skill, practice, or profession of writing dictionaries//  -- lexicographer n  [C] //  -- lexicographical/leks[hA366]k[hA353]gr[zB024]f[hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B]/ adj //


Words: lexicon
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Greek; Origin: lexikon, from  lexikos  ’of words’, from  Greek lexis  ’word, speech’, from  legein  ’to say’]//\n  1  the lexicon:   technical all the words and phrases used in a language or that a particular person knows//\n  2 [C] an alphabetical list of words with their meanings, especially on a particular subject or in a particular language:  --a lexicon of geographical terms//


Words: lexis
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin:  LEXICON]//   technical all the words in a language//   vocabulary//


Words: ley
Meaning:
n  also ley line  [C]   an imaginary line connecting buildings, places etc that is believed to follow an ancient track that has special power//


Words: liability
Meaning:
W2   n \n  1 [U] legal responsibility for something, especially for paying money that is owed, or for damage or injury:  liability for//  --Tenants have legal liability for any damage they cause.//  liability to//  --your liability to capital gains tax//  liability to do sth//  --The court ruled there was no liability to pay any refund.//\n  2  liabilities [plural]  technical the amount of debt that must be paid:  → assets//\n  3 [singular] someone or something that is likely to cause problems for someone:  --A kid like Tom would be a liability in any classroom.//  liability to//  --The outspoken minister has become a liability to the government.//\n  4  liability to sth:   law the amount that something is likely to be affected by a particular kind of problem, illness etc//    limited liability//


Words: liable
Meaning:
adj [not before noun]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French lier  ’to tie’]//\n  1  liable to do sth:  likely to do or say something or to behave in a particular way, especially because of a fault or natural tendency//   likely//  --The car is liable to overheat on long trips.//  --He was liable to just show up without warning.//\n  2 legally responsible for the cost of something:  liable for//  --people who are liable for income tax at a higher rate//\n  3 likely to be affected by a particular kind of problem, illness etc:   prone//  liable to//  --You’re more liable to injury when you don’t get regular exercise.//\n  4  law likely to be legally punished or forced to do something by law:  liable to/for//  --Anyone found trespassing is liable to a maximum fine of $100.//


Words: liaise
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: liaison]//  to exchange information with someone who works in another organization or department so that you can both be more effective//  liaise with//  --Council officers are liaising closely with local groups.//  liaise between//  --The education officer liaises between students, schools and colleges.//


Words: liaison
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: lier  ’to tie’]//\n  1 [singular, U] the regular exchange of information between groups of people, especially at work, so that each group knows what the other is doing:  liaison between//  --close liaison between the army and police//  liaison with//  --better liaison with other agencies//  in liaison with sth//  --The project has been set up in liaison with the art department.//\n  2  also liaison officer :   [C] someone whose job is to talk to different departments or groups and to tell each of them about what the others are doing//  liaison to//  --Renee Ball, liaison to the State Parks Authority//\n  3 [C] asecret sexual relationship between a man and a woman, especially a man and a woman who are married but not to each other:    affair//


Words: libation
Meaning:
n [C]  formal   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: libatio, from  libare  ’to pour as an offering’]//  a gift of wine to a god//


Words: libel
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin libellus, from  liber;   LIBRARY]//  when someone writes or prints untrue statements about someone so that other people could have a bad opinion of them//    slander//  for libel//  --Holt sued the newspaper for libel .//  a libel action/case/trial (=a court case against someone for libel) //  --restrictions on press freedom, such as libel laws //\nlibel 2   past tense and past participle  libelled present participle  libelling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  libeled present participle  libeling  AmE  v [T] //  to write or print a libel against someone//    slander//


Words: libellous
Meaning:
BrE  libelous AmE   adj   containing untrue written statements about someone which could make other people have a bad opinion of them//    slanderous//  --libellous gossip//


Words: Liberace
Meaning:
(1919-87) a US piano player and entertainer, who played well-known  classical piano music on stage and on his own television programme. He was known for wearing clothes that were amusing because they looked so expensive and there were so many decorations on them, and there was always a decorated  candle holder on his piano.//


Words: Liberal
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who supports or belongs to the former Liberal Party in Britain or the Liberal Party in Canada//  -- Liberal adj //


Words: liberal
Meaning:
W2   adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin liberalis, from  liber;   LIBERTY]//\n  1 willing to understand and respect other people’s ideas, opinions, and feelings:  --a more liberal attitude towards sexuality//  --I had quite liberal parents.//\n  2 supporting or allowing gradual political and social changes:  → conservative//  --a more liberal policy on issues of crime and punishment//\n  3 allowing people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom:  liberal state/society/democracy etc //\n  4 generous or given in large amounts:  --a liberal supply of drinks//  liberal with//  --If only they were as liberal with their cash.//    liberally//\n  5 not exact:  --a liberal interpretation of the original play//\n  6  liberal education:  a kind of education which encourages you to develop a large range of interests and knowledge and respect for other people’s opinions//\nliberal 2 n [C]   someone with liberal opinions or principles//  → conservative//


Words: liberal arts
Meaning:
n [plural]  especially AmE   the areas of learning which develop someone’s ability to think and increase their general knowledge, rather than developing technical skills//


Words: liberal studies
Meaning:
n [plural]    especially BrE subjects that are taught in order to increase someone’s general knowledge and their ability to write, speak, and study more effectively//    liberal arts//


Words: liberalism
Meaning:
n [U]   liberal opinions and principles, especially on social and political subjects//  → conservatism//


Words: liberality
Meaning:
n [U]  formal \n  1 understanding of, and respect for, other people’s opinions:\n  2 the quality of being generous:


Words: liberalize
Meaning:
also  liberalise BrE   v [T]   to make a system, laws, or moral attitudes less strict//  -- liberalization/l[hA366]b[hA368]r[hA353]la[hA366]ze[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n $ -r[hA353]l[hA353]-/ n  [U] //


Words: liberally
Meaning:
adv \n  1 using or including plenty of something, especially in a generous way:  --Apply the glue liberally to both surfaces.//  --dark hair liberally sprinkled with grey//\n  2 with liberal ideas or opinions:  --The people around here are more liberally inclined than back home.//


Words: liberate
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  liberare, from  liber;   LIBERTY]//\n  1 to free someone from feelings or conditions that make their life unhappy or difficult:  liberate sb from sth//  --women’s freedom to pursue careers liberated from childcare//  --the liberating power of education//\n  2 to free prisoners, a city, a country etc from someone’s control:  --A few days later, our armies liberated the city.//  -- liberation/l[hA366]b[hA353]re[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U] //  --liberation from oppression//  --the liberation of Paris in August 1944//  -- liberator/l[hA366]b[hA353]re[hA366]t[hA353] $ -[hA353]r/ n  [C] //


Words: liberated
Meaning:
adj   free to behave in the way you want, and not restricted by traditional rules of social and sexual behaviour//  --a liberated woman//


Words: Liberia
Meaning:
a country in West Africa on the Atlantic Ocean, next to Sierra Leone. Population: 3,226,000 (2001). Capital: Monrovia. The modern country of Liberia was established in 1822 as a place for black  slaves from the southern US to go and live after they had been made free.//  -- Liberian n  adj //  --a Liberian-registered oil tanker//


Words: libertarian
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who believes strongly that people should be free to do and think what they want to, without any government control//  -- libertarian adj //


Words: libertine
Meaning:
n [C]  literary   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: libertinus  ’free person’, from  liber;   LIBERTY]//  someone who leads an immoral life and always looks for pleasure, especially sexual pleasure//  -- libertine adj //


Words: Liberty
Meaning:
a short form of the name the National Council for Civil Liberties, which is an independent British organization which aims to defend and increase the rights of ordinary citizens//


Words: liberty
Meaning:
n   plural  liberties //  ----------//\n   1 freedom:\n   2 legal right:\n   3 without permission:\n   4 be at liberty to do something:\n   5 take liberties with somebody/something:\n   6 at liberty:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: liberte, from  Latin libertas, from  liber  ’free’]//\n  1 FREEDOM:   [U] the freedom and the right to do whatever you want without asking permission or being afraid of authority//  --the fight for liberty and equality//  individual/personal liberty //  --threats to individual liberty//  religious/political/economic liberty //  --struggles for political liberty//\n  2 LEGAL RIGHT:   [C usually plural] a particular legal right//  --liberties such as freedom of speech//    civil liberty//\n  3 WITHOUT PERMISSION:   [singular] something you do without asking permission, especially which may offend or upset someone else//  take the liberty of doing sth //  --I took the liberty of cancelling your reservation.//\n  4  be at liberty to do sth:   formal to have the right or permission to do something//  --I am not at liberty to discuss these matters.//\n  5  take liberties with sb/sth:  a) to make unreasonable changes in something such as a piece of writing//  --The film-makers took too many liberties with the original novel.//  b)  old-fashioned to treat someone without respect by being too friendly too quickly, especially in a sexual way//  --He’s been taking liberties with our female staff.//\n  6  at liberty:   formal if a prisoner or an animal is at liberty, they are no longer in prison or enclosed in a small place//   free//


Words: Liberty Bell
Meaning:
the   a bell, kept in Philadelphia, in the US state of Pennsylvania, which was rung on July 8th, 1776, during the  American Revolutionary War to tell people of the  Declaration of Independence from Britain. Because of this, the bell became a  symbol of liberty for the US. In 1846 it cracked when it was rung to celebrate the birthday of George  Washington, and it could not be repaired.//


Words: libido
Meaning:
n   plural  libidos  [U and C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Latin; Origin: ’desire’, from  libere  ’to please’]//   technical someone’s desire to have sex//  -- libidinous/l[hA366]b[hA366]d[hA366]n[hA353]s/ adj //


Words: Libra
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: ’balance’]//\n  1 [U] the seventh sign of the zodiac, represented by a pair of scales, which some people believe affects the character and life of people born between September 24 and October 23:\n  2  also Libran :   [C] someone who was born between September 24 and October 23//  -- Libran adj //


Words: library
Meaning:
W1S2   n   plural  libraries  [C] //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: librarium, from  Latin liber  ’book’]//\n  1 a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed:    bookshop//  --a public library//  school/college/university library //  --a library book //  -- library staff //\n  2 a group of books, CDs etc, collected by one person:\n  3 a room in a large house where books are kept:\n  4 a set of books, CDs, videos etc that are produced by the same company and have the same general appearance:  --a library of modern classics//\n  5  library pictures/footage:   BrE film or pictures used in a television programme which are not recent//


Words: Library of Congress
Meaning:
the   the largest  library in the US, in Washington, D.C. It is one of the largest libraries in the world.  Publishers have to give a copy of every book, magazine etc that is produced in the US to the Library.//


Words: libretto
Meaning:
n   plural  librettos  [C] //  [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Italian; Origin: libro  ’book’]//  the words of an opera or musical play//


Words: Libya
Meaning:
an oil-producing country in North Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. Population: 5,241,000 (2001). Capital: Tripoli.//  -- Libyan n  adj //


Words: licence
Meaning:
W2S3  BrE  license AmE   n   ----------//\n   1 document:\n   2 agreement:\n   3 freedom:\n   4 artistic/poetic licence:\n   5 excuse:\n   6 licence to print money:  ----------//\n  1 DOCUMENT:   [C] an official document giving you permission to own or do something for a period of time//    permit//  --The dealers applied for an export licence.//  --He was arrested for  driving without a license . //  --The Tennessee Valley Authority applied for a license to operate the facility.//  -- The owner of land could  grant a licence  to cut and remove timber. //  -- I forgot to  renew  my  licence.  //  -- Persistent offenders face  losing  their  licence . //    driving licence//\n  2 AGREEMENT:   [U and C] an agreement with a company or organization giving permission to make, sell or use their product//  under licence//  --Guinness is brewed under licence in South Africa.//  single-user/10-user/site licence (=permission for computer software to be used by a certain number of people or in a certain place only) //  --a licence agreement //\n  3 FREEDOM:   [U] freedom to do or say what you think is best//  --Headteachers should be allowed greater licence in the exercise of their power.//\n  4  artistic/poetic licence:  the way in which a painter or writer changes the facts of the real world to make their story, description, or picture of events more interesting or more beautiful//\n  5 EXCUSE:   [U and C] the freedom or opportunity to behave in a way that is wrong or immoral//  licence to do sth//  --Police say it gives youngsters licence to break the law.//\n  6  licence to print money:  an opportunity to make a lot of money without much work or effort - especially used to show disapproval//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  do something without a licence //  a licence to do something //  apply for a licence //  grant/issue a licence //  renew a licence //  lose your licence  (=have your licence taken away) //  driving licence British English //  driver’s license American English //  licence fee  BrE (=the money a licence costs) //  licence holder  BrE (=a person who has a licence) //  ----------//


Words: license
Meaning:
also  licence BrE   v [T usually passive]   to give official permission for someone to do or produce something, or for an activity to take place//  be licensed to do sth//  --a restaurant which is licensed to sell alcohol//  --The vaccine has been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration.//


Words: license plate
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE one of the signs with numbers on it at the front and back of a car//  British Equivalent:  number plate//


Words: licensed
Meaning:
also  licenced BrE   adj \n  1  BrE having a licence to sell alcoholic drinks:  --a licensed restaurant//\n  2 a car, gun etc that is licensed is one that someone has official permission to own or use:\n  3 having been given official permission to do a particular job:  --a licensed private investigator//


Words: licentiate
Meaning:
n [C]  formal   someone who has been given official permission to practise a particular art or profession//


Words: licentious
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: licentiosus, from  licentia;   LICENSE1]//  behaving in a sexually immoral or uncontrolled way//  -- licentiously adv //  -- licentiousness n  [U] //


Words: lichen
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek leichen]//  a grey, green, or yellow plant that spreads over the surface of stones and trees//    moss//


Words: Lichtenstein
Meaning:
Roy   (1923-97) a US painter who was important in the development of  pop art. He is famous for his paintings that look like comic strips.//


Words: lick
Meaning:
S3   v   ----------//\n   1 tongue:\n   2 sport:\n   3 flames/waves:\n   4 have (got) something licked:\n   5 lick your lips:\n   6 lick your wounds:\n   7 lick somebody’s boots:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: liccian]//\n  1 TONGUE:   [T] to move your tongue across the surface of something in order to eat it, wet it, clean it etc//  --The dog jumped up and licked her face.//  lick sth → up//  --A cat licked up the drops spilt on the floor.//  lick sth off sth//  --He licked the drops off his upper lip.//\n  2 SPORT:   [T]  informal to defeat an opponent//  --I bet we could lick the best teams in Georgia.//\n  3 FLAMES/WAVES:   [I and T]  literary if flames or waves lick something, they touch it again and again with quick movements//  lick at/against//  --Soon the flames were licking at the curtains.//\n  4  have (got) sth licked:   informal to have succeeded in dealing with a difficult problem//  --Just when you think you’ve got it licked, it comes back.//\n  5  lick your lips:   also lick your chops  AmE to feel eager and excited because you are expecting to get something good//  --Scottish rugby fans are licking their lips in anticipation.//\n  6  lick your wounds:  to quietly think about the defeat or disappointment you have just suffered//\n  7  lick sb’s boots:  to obey someone completely because you are afraid of them or want to please them//    knock/lick sb/sth into shape at shape1 (3)//\nlick 2 n \n  1 [C usually singular] when you move your tongue across the surface of something:  --Can I have a lick of your ice cream?//\n  2  a lick of paint/colour/etc:  a small amount of paint etc put onto the surface of something to improve its appearance//  --It’ll be okay after a lick of paint.//\n  3  not a lick of sth:   AmE  old-fashioned not even a small amount of something//  --Ann won’t do a lick of work around the house.//\n  4 [C]  informal part of a song played on a guitar:  --a bluesy guitar lick//\n  5  at a great/fair lick:   BrE  informal very fast//\n  6  give sth a lick and a promise:  a)  BrE to wash or clean something quickly and carelessly//  b)  AmE to do a job quickly and carelessly//\n  7 [C]  informal an act of hitting someone:


Words: licking
Meaning:
n [singular]  informal \n  1 a defeat in a sports competition or match:   hammering//  --We got a real licking in the final.//\n  2 a severe beating as a punishment:


Words: licorice
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Late Latin liquiritia, from  Latin glycyrrhiza, from  Greek, from  glykys  ’sweet’ +  rhiza  ’root’]//  the American spelling of liquorice//


Words: lid
Meaning:
n   lid//  ----------//\n   1 cover:\n   2 eye:\n   3 keep a/the lid on something:\n   4 put a/the lid on something:\n   5 take the lid off something:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: hlid]//\n  1 COVER:   [C] a cover for the open part of a pot, box, or other container//  dustbin/saucepan etc lid //  --the name on the coffin lid//  lid of//  --He carefully lifted the lid of the box.//\n  2 EYE:   [C] an eyelid//\n  3  keep a/the lid on sth:  to control a situation very carefully, especially so that it does not cause problems//  --keeping the lid on inflation//  --Kline keeps a very tight lid on his private life.//\n  4  put a/the lid on sth:   informal to do something that finally stops something or ruins or ends someone’s plans or hopes//  --Let’s put a lid on all these rumours.//\n  5  take the lid off sth:   also lift the lid on sth //  to let people know the true facts about a bad or shocking situation//  --a documentary that takes the lid off the world of organized crime//


Words: lidded
Meaning:
adj \n  1  heavy-lidded eyes:  eyes with large eyelids//\n  2 a lidded container, pot etc has a lid:


Words: lido
Meaning:
n   plural  lidos  [C] //   BrE an outdoor public area, often at a beach, lake etc, for swimming and lying in the sun//


Words: lie
Meaning:
W1S2   v   past tense  lay /le[hA366]/past participle  lain /le[hA366]n/present participle  lying third person singular  lies //  ----------//\n   1 flat position:\n   2 exist:\n   3 place:\n   4 future:\n   5 condition:\n   6 lie at the heart/centre/root of something:\n   7 lie low:\n   8 lie in wait (for somebody):\n   9 lie (in) second/third/fourth etc (place):\n  10 lie heavy on somebody:\n  11 dead person:\n  12 lie in state:  Phrasal verbs//   lie around//   lie behind something//   lie down//   lie in//   lie up//  ----------//\n  1 FLAT POSITION:  a)  [I] to be in a position in which your body is flat on the floor, on a bed etc//  lie on/in etc//  --He was lying on the bed smoking a cigarette.//  --Don’t lie in the sun for too long.//  lie there//  --For a few minutes he just lay there.//  lie still/awake etc //  --She would lie awake worrying.//  --The dog was lying dead on the floor.//  b)  also lie down //   [I always + adverb/preposition] to put yourself in a position in which your body is flat on the floor or on a bed//  lie on//  --Lie flat on the floor.//  lie back//  --She lay back against the pillows.//  c)  [I always + adverb/preposition] to be in a flat position on a surface//  lie on/in etc//  --The papers were lying neatly on his desk. see usage note  lay2 //\n  2 EXIST:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if a problem, an answer, blame etc lies somewhere, it is caused by, exists, or can be found in that thing, person, or situation//  fault/blame/responsibility lies with sb //  --Part of the blame must lie with social services.//  the problem/answer etc lies with/in sth //  --The difficulty lies in providing sufficient evidence.//  --The strength of the book lies in the fact that the material is from classroom experience.//  herein/therein lies the problem/dilemma etc //  --And herein lies the key to their achievements.//\n  3 PLACE:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if a town, village, etc lies in a particular place, it is in that place//  --The town lies in a small wooded valley.//  --The Tasman Sea lies between Tasmania and Australia.//\n  4 FUTURE:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if something lies ahead of you, lies in the future etc, it is going to happen to you in the future//  lie ahead//  --How will we cope with the difficulties that lie ahead?//  lie before//  --A blank and empty future lay before me.//  --I was wondering what lay in store for us.//\n  5 CONDITION:   [linking verb] to be in a particular state or condition//  lie empty/open/hidden etc //  --The book lay open on the table.//  --The town now lay in ruins .//\n  6  lie at the heart/centre/root of sth:  to be the most important part of something, especially the main cause of it//  --the issue that lies at the heart of the present conflict//\n  7  lie low:  a) to remain hidden because someone is trying to find you or catch you//  --We’ll have to lie low until tonight.//  b) to wait and try not to be noticed by anyone//  --He decided to lie low for a while after the report came out.//\n  8  lie in wait (for sb):  a) to remain hidden in a place and wait for someone so that you can attack them//  --a giant crocodile lying in wait for its prey//  b) if something bad lies in wait for you, it is going to happen to you//\n  9  lie (in) second/third/fourth etc (place):   BrE to be in second, third etc position in a competition//  --Liverpool are lying third in the football championship.//\n  10  lie heavy on sb:   formal if something lies heavy on you, it makes you feel unhappy//  --The feelings of guilt lay heavy on him.//\n  11 DEAD PERSON:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if someone lies in a particular place, they are buried there//  -- Here lies Percival Smythe (=written on a gravestone) .//\n  12  lie in state:  if an important person who has died lies in state, their body is put in a public place so that people can go and look at the body in order to show their respect for that person//    let sleeping dogs lie at sleep1 (6)//  lie around phr v//\n  1  lie around (sth):  if something is lying around, it has been left somewhere in an untidy way, rather than being in its proper place//  --If you leave your shoes lying around like that, you’ll trip over them.//  --Papers and books lay around the room in complete chaos.//\n  2 if you lie around, you spend time lying down and not doing anything:  --I felt so lazy just lying around on the beach all day.//  lie behind [lie behind sth] phr v//  if something lies behind an action, it is the real reason for the action even though it may be hidden//  --She soon guessed what lay behind his question.//  --Two basic assumptions lay behind the policy.//  lie down phr v//\n  1 to put yourself in a position in which your body is flat on the floor or on a bed:  --Just lie down on the bed.//\n  2  take sth lying down:   informal to accept bad treatment without complaining//  --I’m not going to take this lying down!//  lie in phr v//  to remain in bed in the morning for longer than usual//    lie-in//  lie up phr v//  to hide or rest somewhere for a period of time//  --The next day they lay up in a cave.//\nlie 2   past tense and past participle  lied present participle  lying third person singular  lies  v [I] //\n  1 to deliberately tell someone something that is not true:  --I could tell from her face that she was lying.//  lie to//  --I would never lie to you.//  lie about//  --She lied about her age.//  lie through your teeth (=say something that is completely untrue) //\n  2 if a picture, account etc lies, it does not show the true facts or the true situation:  --Statistics can often lie.//  --The camera never lies.//\nlie 3 S3 n \n  1 [C] something that you say or write that you know is untrue:  lie about//  --I  told her  a lie  about what I was doing.//  --I always know when he’s telling lies .//  --I told them I was Catholic. I used to be Catholic, so it wasn’t a  complete lie . //  -- I don’t want to hear a bunch of  big lies  about what happened. //  -- It was obviously a  blatant lie . //  -- Jones resorted to deception and  barefaced lies . //  -- those little  white lies  that we all tell //  -- Their whole account of the event was  a pack of lies . //  -- For years, he had been  living a lie . //\n  2  give the lie to sth:   formal to show that something is untrue//  --This report gives the lie to the company’s claims.//\n  3  the lie of the land/ the way the land lies:  the way that a situation is developing at a particular time//  --I want to see how the land lies before I decide whether or not to take the job.//\n  4  (I) tell a lie:   BrE  spoken used when you realize that something you have just said is not correct//  --It was [hA124]25, no, tell a lie, [hA124]35.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  tell (somebody) a lie //  a complete/outright lie //  a big lie //  a blatant lie  (=a shocking lie) //  a bald-faced lie American English //  a barefaced lie British English (=a shocking lie) //  a white lie  (=a lie that is not serious, told to avoid upsetting someone) //  a pack of lies  (=a completely untrue set of statements) //  a tissue of lies British English (=a completely untrue set of statements) //  live a lie  (=pretend that a situation is satisfactory when it is not) //  ----------//


Words: lie detector
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of equipment used especially by the police to check whether someone is lying, by measuring sudden changes in their heart rate//  --He was asked to take a lie detector test .//


Words: lie-in
Meaning:
n [singular]    BrE an occasion when you stay in bed longer than usual in the morning//  --I always have a lie-in on a Sunday.//


Words: Liechtenstein
Meaning:
a very small country between Austria and Switzerland. Population: 32,528 (2001). Capital: Vaduz. Many foreign companies have their main offices there because taxes are low and the banks keep information about companies secret. //  -- Liechtensteiner n  adj //


Words: liege
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  also liege lord :  a lord who was served and obeyed in the Middle Ages//\n  2  also liegeman :  someone who had to serve and obey a lord in the Middle Ages//


Words: lien
Meaning:
n [C + on]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin ligamen, from  ligare  ’to tie’]//   law the legal right to keep something that belongs to someone who owes you money, until the debt has been paid//


Words: lieu
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin locus;   LOCUS]//  in lieu (of sth)//   formal instead of//  --extra time off in lieu of payment//


Words: lieutenant
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: lieu  ’place’ +  tenant  ’holding’]//\n  1 :  a) a fairly low rank in the armed forces, or an officer of this rank//  b) a fairly high rank in the US police force, or an officer of this rank//\n  2  lieutenant colonel/general/Governor etc:  an officer or official with the rank just below colonel, general2, governor etc//\n  3 [C] someone who does work for, or in place of, someone in a higher position:   deputy//


Words: life
Meaning:
n   plural  lives /la[hA366]vz///  ----------//\n   1 time somebody is alive:\n   2 state of being alive:\n   3 way somebody lives:\n   4 particular situation/job:\n   5 social/personal/sex etc life:\n   6 human existence:\n   7 time when something exists/works:\n   8 living things:\n   9 be somebody’s (whole) life:\n  10 life and death:\n  11 game:\n  12 activity:\n  13 interest/excitement:\n  14 come to life/roar into life/splutter into life etc:\n  15 make life difficult/easier etc:\n  16 the life and soul of the party:\n  17 life and limb:\n  18 get a life!:\n  19 that’s life:\n  20 life’s a bitch:\n  21 this is the life:\n  22 the shock/surprise/game etc of somebody’s life:\n  23 how’s life?:\n  24 life goes on:\n  25 a life of its own:\n  26 cannot for the life of me:\n  27 life’s too short:\n  28 not on your life:\n  29 the woman/man/girl etc in your life:\n  30 prison:\n  31 art:\n  32 frighten/scare the life out of somebody:\n  33 there’s life in the old dog yet:\n  34 live/lead/have the life of Riley:\n  35 book/film:\n  36 the next life:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lif]//\n  1 TIME SOMEBODY IS ALIVE:   [U and C] the period of time when someone is alive//  --Learning goes on throughout life.//  --You have your whole life ahead of you.//  in sb’s life //  --For the first time in my life I was happy.//  --I’ve never been so embarrassed in my life!//  --I’ve known John all my life  (=since I was born) .//  --His main aim in life was to have fun.//  --It was one of the best days of my life .//  --The accident scarred him for life  (=for the rest of his life) .//  --She knew she’d feel guilty for the rest of her life .//  --Raj spent his life caring for others.//  --Bonington spent his entire adult life in France.//  --We don’t know much about the poet’s early life  (=when he was young) .//  --Poor diet can lead to a whole range of diseases in later life  (=when you are older) .//  --She married late in life  (=when she was fairly old) .//  --He’s a life member  (=continuing until he dies) of the club.//\n  2 STATE OF BEING ALIVE:   [U and C] the state of being alive//  --The right to life is the most basic of human rights.//  --The riots presented a considerable risk to life and property.//  --Danny was a cheerful little boy who loved life.//  --A seatbelt could save your life .//  --Two firefighters risked their lives to save the children.//  --Thousands lost their lives  (=died) in the earthquake.//  --an explosion which claimed the lives of  (=killed) at least 170 miners//  --He has risked life and limb  (=has done very dangerous things) to photograph some of the world’s most dangerous animals.//  --Cuts to the ambulance service could cost lives  (=people could die) .//  --Misuse of the equipment could endanger the lives of staff and students.//  --He owes his life to  (=he is still alive because of) the prompt action of a neighbour.//  take your (own) life (=deliberately kill yourself) //  --There’s no evidence that she intended to take her own life.//  take sb’s life (=kill someone) //  --No-one has the right to take another’s life.//  be fighting for your life (=be so ill or injured that you might die) //  --A resident was fighting for his life yesterday, having escaped the blaze.//  give your life/lay down your life (=die in order to save other people or because of a strong belief) //  --He gave his life for the cause of freedom//  take your life in your (own) hands (=put yourself in a very dangerous situation) //  --You take your life in your hands every time you cross this road.//\n  3 WAY SOMEBODY LIVES:   [C usually singular] the way you live your life, and what you do and experience during it//  lead/live/have a ..... life //  --The operation should enable Bobby to lead a normal life.//  --She just wanted to live a quiet life.//  --Having a baby changes your life completely.//  --The family moved to Australia to start a new life .//  --Ken’s whole life revolved around surfing (=that was the main interest and purpose of his life) .//  --You shouldn’t let your boyfriend rule your life  (=control and affect everything you do) .//  --My grandmother had a hard life  (=a life full of problems) .//  --She’s led a very sheltered life  (=a life in which you have been protected from unpleasant things) .//  a life of crime/poverty/misery etc //  --He had been drawn into a life of crime.//\n  4 PARTICULAR SITUATION/JOB:   [U and C] //  a) the experiences, activities, and ways of living that are typical of being in a particular job, situation, society etc//  --Why do so few women enter political life?//  --the British way of life //  city/country/village etc life //  --Noise has become one of the main pollutants of modern city life.//  army/student/college etc life //  --He missed the routine of army life.//  --Are you enjoying married life ?//  b) the time in your life when you are doing a particular job, are in a particular situation etc//  sb’s life as sth //  --Now a celebrity chef, he rarely talks about his life as an army cook.//  --Sara admits to having affairs throughout her married life .//  --Most of his working life was spent in the shipyards.//\n  5  social/personal/sex etc life:  the activities in your life relating to your friends, your family, sex etc//  --I don’t need advice about my love life.//  --traditional views of family life//  --Children need a caring and happy home life.//\n  6 HUMAN EXISTENCE:   [U] human existence, considered as a variety of experiences and activities//  --My Aunt Julia had very little experience of life.//  --Life has a way of changing the best of plans.//  --For some people, religion gives life a meaning.//  daily/everyday life //  --the frustrations and disappointments of everyday life//  --I try to see the funny side of life .//\n  7 TIME WHEN SOMETHING EXISTS/WORKS:   [C usually singular] //  a) the period of time during which something happens or exists//  life of//  --The issues will not be resolved during the life of the present parliament.//  start/begin/come to life as sth //  --The building began life as a monastery.//  b) the period of time during which something is still good enough to use//  life of//  --What’s the average life of a passenger aircraft?//  --Careful use can extend the life of your washing machine.//    shelf life//\n  8 LIVING THINGS:   [U] //  a) the quality of being alive that people, animals, plants etc have and that objects and dead things do not have//  --Ben felt her neck for a pulse or any other sign of life .//  --In the springtime, everything comes to life again.//  b) living things, such as people, animals, or plants//  --Is there life on other planets?//  human/animal/plant/bird etc life //  --The island is rich in bird life.//    wildlife//\n  9  be sb’s (whole) life:  to be the most important thing or person to someone//  --Music is Laura’s whole life.//\n  10  life and death:   also life or death //  used for emphasizing that a situation, decision etc is extremely urgent and important, especially because someone is at risk of dying//  --Don’t call me unless it’s a matter of life and death .//  --a life or death decision//  --A doctor’s job involves life and death situations.//\n  11 GAME:   [C] a chance in a game, especially a computer game, in which you can be defeated or do something wrong and can still continue playing//  --He’s up to level five and still has three lives left.//\n  12 ACTIVITY:   [U] activity or movement//  --The house was quiet and there was no sign of life .//  --She was always so cheerful and full of life .//\n  13 INTEREST/EXCITEMENT:   [U] a quality of being interesting or exciting//  --Try to put some life into your writing.//  --The game really came to life after a magnificent goal from Beckham.//  --A gifted teacher can really bring literature to life for his or her students.//\n  14  come to life/roar into life/splutter into life etc:  to suddenly start working//  --Finally the car spluttered into life.//\n  15  make life difficult/easier etc:  to make it difficult, easier etc to do something//  --Surely computers are supposed to make life easier, not more complicated!//  make life difficult/easier etc for//  --Why make life difficult for yourself?//\n  16  the life and soul of the party:   BrE the life of the party  AmE someone who enjoys social occasions and is fun and exciting to be with//\n  17  life and limb:   formal your life and physical health - used especially when this is threatened in some way//  --She risks life and limb every day in her job as an undercover investigator.//\n  18  get a life!:   spoken used to tell someone that you think they are boring and should find more exciting things to do//  --You guys should just stop moaning and get a life!//\n  19  that’s life:   also such is life //   spoken used to say that something is disappointing but you have to accept it//  --Oh well, that’s life!//\n  20  life’s a bitch:   spoken  not polite used to say that bad things happen in life//\n  21  this is the life:   spoken used when you are relaxing and doing something you enjoy//  --Ah, this is the life! Lying on the beach, sipping cool drinks.//\n  22  the shock/surprise/game etc of sb’s life:  the biggest shock or surprise, the best game etc that someone has ever had//  --I had the surprise of my life when I saw John standing there.//    have the time of your life at time1 (41)//\n  23  how’s life?:   spoken used to ask someone if they are well, what they have been doing etc//  --Hi Bob! How’s life?//  --How’s life been with you?//\n  24  life goes on:   spoken used to say that you must continue to live a normal life even when something sad or disappointing has happened//  --We both miss him, but life goes on.//\n  25  a life of its own:  a) if something has a life of its own, it seems to move or work by itself//  --The ball seemed to have acquired a life of its own.//  b) if something has a life of its own, it exists and develops without depending on other things//  --Slowly but surely, the project is taking on a life of its own .//\n  26  cannot for the life of me:   spoken used to say that you cannot remember or understand something even when you try hard//  --I couldn’t for the life of me remember his name.//\n  27  life’s too short:   spoken used to say that you should not waste time doing something or worrying about something//  --Forget about it. Life’s too short.//  life’s too short for//  --Life’s too short for moping about.//  life’s too short to do sth//  --Life’s too short to bear grudges.//\n  28  not on your life:   spoken used as a reply to a question or suggestion to say that you definitely will not do something//  --’Are you going to go and work for him then?’ ’Not on your life!’//\n  29  the woman/man/girl etc in your life:  the woman or man you are married to or are having a relationship with - used especially in advertisements//  --This is the ideal gift for the man in your life.//\n  30 PRISON:   [U]  also life imprisonment //  the punishment of being put in prison for the rest of your life//  be sentenced to/get/be given life //  --He was sentenced to life for the murder.//  --I think she should get life.//    life sentence,  lifer//\n  31 ART:   [U] when you paint, draw etc something you are looking at, especially a person or animal//  --She’s taking classes in life drawing .//    still life//\n  32  frighten/scare the life out of sb:   informal to make someone feel very frightened//  --Don’t do that! You scared the life out of me!//\n  33  there’s life in the old dog yet:   spoken used to say that although someone or something is old, they are still able to do something - used humorously//\n  34  live/lead/have the life of Riley:   informal to have a very easy and comfortable life and not have to work hard//  --He spends all day lounging by the pool and living the life of Riley.//\n  35 BOOK/FILM:   [U] the story of someone’s life//   biography//  --Boswell’s Life of Johnson//\n  36  the next life:   also the life to come //  life after death //  the time after death, in which some people believe life continues in another form//  --She expects to meet her dead husband in the next life.//    as large as life at large1 (7)//    change of life,  for dear life at dear3 (6),  double life,  high life at high1 (22),  a new lease of life at lease1 (2),  quality of life at quality1 (5),  real life at real1 (3),  real-life,  true to life at true1 (9),  walk of life//


Words: life belt
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  BrE a life buoy:\n  2  AmE a special belt you wear in the water to prevent you from sinking:


Words: life buoy
Meaning:
n [C]   a large ring made out of material that floats, which you throw to someone who has fallen in the water, to prevent them from drowning//


Words: life cycle
Meaning:
n [C]   all the different levels of development that an animal or plant goes through during its life//


Words: life expectancy
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the length of time that a person or animal is expected to live:\n  2 the length of time that something is expected to continue to work, be useful etc:


Words: Life Guards
Meaning:
the   a  regiment (=large group of soldiers)  in the British army which is part of the  Household Cavalry//


Words: life insurance
Meaning:
n [U]   a type of insurance that someone makes regular payments into so that when they die their family will receive money//   life assurance//


Words: life jacket
Meaning:
BrE  n [C]   a piece of clothing that can be filled with air and worn around your upper body to stop you from sinking in the water//  American Equivalent:  life vest//


Words: life peer
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who has the rank of a British peer (=lord or lady)  but who cannot pass it on to their children//


Words: life preserver
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE something such as a life belt or life jacket that can be worn in the water to prevent you from sinking//


Words: Life Saver
Meaning:
trademark   a type of small hard round sweet with a hole in the middle, which is produced in many different  flavours. It is sold in the US.//


Words: life science
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]   subjects such as biology that are concerned with the study of humans, plants, and animals//    earth science,  physical science//


Words: life sentence
Meaning:
n [C]   the punishment of sending someone to prison for the rest of their life or for a very long time//  --Miller is serving a life sentence for murder.//


Words: life support system
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  also life support machine :  a piece of equipment that keeps someone alive when they are extremely ill//\n  2 a piece of equipment that keeps people alive in conditions where they would not normally be able to live, such as in space:


Words: life-size
Meaning:
adj  also life-sized   a picture or model of something or someone that is life-size is the same size as they really are//  --a life-sized statue of the president//


Words: lifeblood
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 the most important thing needed by an organization, relationship etc to continue to exist or develop successfully:  lifeblood of//  --Communication is the lifeblood of a good marriage.//\n  2  literary your blood:


Words: lifeboat
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a boat that is sent out to help people who are in danger at sea:  lifeboat crew/station/service //\n  2 a small boat carried by ships in order to save people if the ship sinks:


Words: lifeless
Meaning:
adj \n  1  literary dead or appearing to be dead:  --Anton’s lifeless body was found floating in the lake.//\n  2 lacking the positive qualities that make something or someone interesting, exciting, or active:  → lively//  --The actors’ performances were lifeless.//\n  3 not living, or not having living things on it:  --The surface of the moon is arid and lifeless.//\n  4 lifeless hair or skin is in bad condition and does not look healthy:   dull//  -- lifelessly adv //  -- lifelessness n  [U] //


Words: lifelike
Meaning:
adj   a lifelike picture, model etc looks exactly like a real person or thing//  --a very lifelike statue//


Words: lifeline
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 something which someone depends on completely:  lifeline to//  --The telephone is her lifeline to the rest of the world.//  lifeline for//  --The organization has proved to be a lifeline for thousands of needy families.//\n  2 a rope used for saving people in danger, especially at sea:


Words: lifelong
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   continuing or existing all through your life//  --She became a lifelong friend of ours.//  --David finally realized his lifelong ambition .//


Words: lifesaver
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone or something that helps you avoid a difficult or unpleasant situation:  --A microwave oven can be a real lifesaver when you’re pressed for time.//\n  2 someone or something that prevents you from dying:  --The seatbelt is the biggest single lifesaver in cars.//\n  3 a life guard:


Words: lifespan
Meaning:
W3   n [C]   the average length of time that someone will live or that something will continue to work//    lifetime//  --Men have a shorter lifespan than women.//  a lifespan of 5 days/10 years etc//  --A TV set has an average lifespan of 11 years.//


Words: lifestyle
Meaning:
n [C]   the way a person or group of people live, including the place they live in, the things they own, the kind of job they do, and the activities they enjoy//  --Regular exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle .//  lavish/comfortable/simple etc lifestyle //  --They lead an extremely lavish lifestyle.//


Words: lifetime
Meaning:
n [C usually singular] \n  1 the period of time during which someone is alive or something exists:    lifespan//  during/in sb’s lifetime//  --During her lifetime she had witnessed two world wars.//  --It’s the sort of opportunity you see only once in a lifetime .//\n  2  the chance/experience etc of a lifetime:  the best opportunity, experience etc that you will ever have//  --It was the holiday of a lifetime.//\n  3  not in this lifetime:   spoken not at all//   never//  --’Would you go out with him after he dropped you?’ ’Not in this lifetime.’//


Words: Liffe
Meaning:
the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange an organization for buying and selling business shares//


Words: lift
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 move something upwards:\n   2 part of the body:\n   3 controls/laws:\n   4 by plane:\n   5 not lift a finger (to do something):\n   6 lift somebody’s spirits:\n   7 clouds/mist:\n   8 sad feelings:\n   9 use somebody’s ideas/words:\n  10 steal:\n  11 voice:\n  12 increase:\n  13 vegetables:  Phrasal verbs//   lift off//  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lypta]//\n  1 MOVE SOMETHING UPWARDS:   also lift up //   [T] to move something or someone upwards into the air//  --Sophie lifted the phone before the second ring.//  --He lifted the lid on the pot of soup.//  --The lumber was lifted by crane and dropped into the truck.//  lift sb/sth onto/into/out of etc sth//  --They lifted Andrew onto the bed.//  lift sb from sth//  --The driver was lifted from the wreck.//\n  2 PART OF THE BODY:   also lift up //   [I and T] to move part of your body up to a higher position//   raise//  lift your hand/arm/leg etc //  --She lifted her hand to knock on the door once again.//  --Pam lifted her shoulders in a little shrug.//  lift your head/eyes (=move your head or eyes up so that you can look at something) //  --She lifted her head to gaze at him.//  --He heard a scream and the hairs on the back of his neck began to lift.//\n  3 CONTROLS/LAWS:   [T] to remove a rule or a law that says that something is not allowed//  lift a restriction/an embargo/sanctions etc //  --The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.//\n  4 BY PLANE:   [T always + adverb/preposition] to take people or things to or from a place by aircraft//  --More troops are being lifted into the area as the fighting spreads.//\n  5  not lift a finger (to do sth):   informal to do nothing to help//  --He never lifted a finger to help me with the kids.//\n  6  lift sb’s spirits:  to make someone feel more cheerful and hopeful//\n  7 CLOUDS/MIST:   [I] if cloud or mist lifts, it disappears//\n  8 SAD FEELINGS:   [I] if feelings of sadness lift, they disappear//  --Jan’s depression seemed to be lifting at last.//\n  9 USE SOMEBODY’S IDEAS/WORDS:   [T] to take words, ideas etc from someone else’s work and use them in your work, without stating where they came from and as if they were your own words etc//  lift sth from sb/sth//  --The words were lifted from an article in a medical journal.//\n  10 STEAL:   [T]  informal to steal something//  lift sth from sb/sth//  --They had lifted dozens of CDs from the store.//\n  11 VOICE:   also lift up //   [T]  literary if you lift your voice, you speak, shout, or sing more loudly//   raise//\n  12 INCREASE:   [T] to make prices, profit etc increase//  --The U.S. may use tax cuts to lift the economy.//\n  13 VEGETABLES:   [T] to dig up vegetables that grow under the ground//  --She was lifting potatoes.//  lift off phr v//  if an aircraft or spacecraft lifts off, it leaves the ground and rises into the air//\nlift 2 W3S3 n   ----------//\n   1 in a building:\n   2 in a car:\n   3 give somebody/something a lift:\n   4 lifting movement:\n   5 wind/aircraft:  ----------//\n  1 IN A BUILDING:   [C]  BrE a machine that you can ride in, that moves up and down between the floors in a tall building//  American Equivalent:  elevator//  --They took the lift down to the bar.//  --It’s on the 3rd floor. Let’s use the lift .//\n  2 IN A CAR:   [C] if you give someone a lift, you take them somewhere in your car//   ride//  --Do you want a lift into town?//  --John gave me a lift home.//  --He very kindly offered me a lift .//\n  3  give sb/sth a lift:  a) to make someone feel more cheerful and more hopeful//  --The new park has given everyone in the neighbourhood a lift.//  b) to make something such as a business, the economy etc operate better//  --The Bank of England’s announcement gave the stock market a lift today.//\n  4 LIFTING MOVEMENT:   [U and C] a movement in which something is lifted or raised up//  --She does sit-ups and leg lifts every morning.//\n  5 WIND/AIRCRAFT:   [U] the pressure of air that keeps something such as an aircraft up in the air or lifts it higher//    chairlift,  ski lift//


Words: lift-off
Meaning:
n [U and C]   the moment when a vehicle that is about to travel in space leaves the ground//    take-off//


Words: ligament
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: ligamentum, from  ligare  ’to tie’]//  a band of strong material in your body, similar to muscle, that joins bones or holds an organ in its place//    tendon//  --He tore a ligament in his left knee.//  -- damaged ankle ligaments //


Words: light
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 natural/artificial light:\n   2 lamp/electric light etc:\n   3 traffic control:\n   4 on a vehicle:\n   5 first light:\n   6 be/stand in somebody’s light:\n   7 for a cigarette:\n   8 in somebody’s eyes:\n   9 set light to something:\n  10 come to light:\n  11 throw/shed/cast light on something:\n  12 in the light of something:\n  13 in a new/different/bad etc light:\n  14 see the light:\n  15 see the light (of day):\n  16 light at the end of the tunnel:\n  17 have your name in lights:\n  18 go/be out like a light:\n  19 a leading light in/of something:\n  20 the light of somebody’s life:\n  21 window:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: leoht]//\n  1 NATURAL/ARTIFICIAL LIGHT:  a)  [U] the energy from the sun, a flame, a lamp etc that allows you to see things//  --The morning light came streaming in through the windows.//  --She opened the curtains to let in the light.//  --It was late afternoon and the light was beginning to fade.//  --a pattern of light and shade//  in/by the light of sth//  --Eveything looked grey in the dim light of the oil lamp.//  --We sat and talked by the light of the fire.//  in/into the light//  --The man moved forward into the light.//  good/strong/bright light //  --We’ll need good light if we want to take the photographs outside.//  poor/dim/fading light //  --In the fading light she could just make out the shape of a tractor.//  soft/warm light //  --The valley was bathed in the soft light of dawn.//  cold/harsh light //  --the cold, harsh light of a winter afternoon//  blinding/dazzling light (=extremely bright light) //  --We saw a sudden flash of blinding light.//  a beam/ray/shaft of light (=a thin line of light) //  --The clouds parted and a beam of light fell on the field.//  b)  [C] a particular type of light, with its own particular colour, level of brightness etc//  --The colours look different in different lights.//\n  2 LAMP/ELECTRIC LIGHT ETC:   [C] //  a) an electric light//  --Ahead of us we could see the lights of the city.//  --We’re having a mixture of wall lights and ceiling lights in different parts of the house.//  turn/switch/put on a light //  --I switched on the light in the bedroom.//  turn/switch/put off a light //  --Don’t forget to switch the lights off when you go out.//  turn/switch/put out a light //  --Can you turn the light out downstairs?//  a light is/comes/goes on //  --The lights in the office were still on.//  --The street lights were just beginning to come on.//  --He left a light on in the kitchen.//  a light is off/out //  --Make sure all the lights are off when you leave.//  --Suddenly all the lights in the house went out .//  --Can you turn the light down  (=make it less bright) a bit?//    the bright lights at bright(13)//  b) something such as a lamp that you can carry to give you light//  --Shine a light over here, will you?//\n  3 TRAFFIC CONTROL:   [C usually plural] one of a set of red, green, and yellow lights used for controlling traffic//   traffic lights//  --We waited for the lights to change.//  --Eventually the lights turned green.//  --The driver had failed to stop at a red light.//    green light,  red-light district//\n  4 ON A VEHICLE:   [C usually plural] one of the lights on a car, bicycle etc that help you to see at night//  --He was dazzled by the lights of oncoming traffic.//  --You’ve left your lights on.//\n  5  first light:   literary the first light that appears in the morning sky//  --We set out at first light the next day.//\n  6  be/stand in sb’s light:  to prevent someone from getting all the light they need to see or do something//  --Could you move to the left a little - you’re standing in my light.//\n  7 FOR A CIGARETTE:   a light//  a match or something else to light a cigarette//  --Have you got a light, please?//\n  8 IN SOMEBODY’S EYES:   [singular]  literary an expression in someone’s eyes that shows an emotion or intention//   gleam//  --There was a murderous light in his eyes.//\n  9  set light to sth:  to make something start burning//  --The candle fell over and set light to the barn.//\n  10  come to light:  be brought to light //  if new information comes to light, it becomes known//  --This evidence did not come to light until after the trial.//  --The mistake was only brought to light some years later.//\n  11  throw/shed/cast light on sth:  to provide new information that makes a difficult subject or problem easier to understand//  --Melanie was able to shed some light on the situation.//  --These discoveries may throw new light on the origins of the universe.//\n  12  in the light of sth:   BrE in light of sth  AmE if you do or decide something in the light of something else, you do it after considering that thing//  --In light of this tragic event, we have cancelled the 4th of July celebrations.//\n  13  in a new/different/bad etc light:  if someone or something is seen or shown in a particular light, people can see that particular part of their character//  --I suddenly saw my father in a new light.//  --This incident will put the company in a very bad light.//\n  14  see the light:  a) to suddenly understand something//  --At last doctors have seen the light!//  b) to begin to believe in a religion very strongly//\n  15  see the light (of day):  a) if an object sees the light of day, it is taken from the place where it has been hidden, and becomes publicly known//  --Some of these documents will probably never see the light of day.//  b) if a law, decision etc sees the light of day, it comes into existence for the first time//\n  16  light at the end of the tunnel:  something that gives you hope for the future after a long and difficult period//  --It’s been a hard few months, but we’re finally beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel.//\n  17  have your name in lights:   informal to be successful and famous in theatre or films//\n  18  go/be out like a light:   informal to go to sleep very quickly because you are very tired//  --I went straight to bed and went out like a light.//\n  19  a leading light in/of sth:   informal someone who is important in a particular organization//  --She’s one of the leading lights of the local dramatic society.//\n  20  the light of sb’s life:  the person that someone loves more than anyone else//  --Her son was the light of her life.//\n  21 WINDOW:   [C] a window in a roof or wall that allows light into a room//    hide your light under a bushel at bushel,  be all sweetness and light at sweetness(3),  in the cold light of day at cold1 (9)//\nlight 2 adj   comparative  lighter superlative  lightest //  ----------//\n   1 colour:\n   2 daylight:\n   3 rooms:\n   4 not heavy:\n   5 not great:\n   6 clothes:\n   7 wind:\n   8 sound:\n   9 touch:\n  10 work/exercise:\n  11 food:\n  12 punishment:\n  13 a light smoker/drinker/eater etc:\n  14 light sleep/doze:\n  15 a light sleeper:\n  16 not serious:\n  17 light relief:\n  18 make light of something:\n  19 on a lighter note/in a lighter vein:\n  20 make light work of something:\n  21 be light on your feet:\n  22 a light heart:\n  23 soil:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: leoht]//\n  1 COLOUR:  a light colour is pale and not dark//  --You look nice in light colours.//  light blue/green/grey etc //  --She had blue eyes and light brown hair.//  --I wanted a lighter yellow paint for the walls.//\n  2 DAYLIGHT:   it is/gets light//  if it is light, there is the natural light of day//  → dark//  --We’ll keep on looking while it’s still light.//  --It was seven o’clock and just starting to get light .//\n  3 ROOMS:  a room that is light has plenty of light in it, especially from the sun//  → dark//  --The kitchen was light and spacious.//  --The office was a big light room at the back of the house.//  4 NOT HEAVY//  not very heavy//  --You can carry this bag - it’s fairly light.//  --You should wear light, comfortable shoes.//  --The truck was quite light and easy to drive.//  --She was as light as a feather  (=very light) to carry.//    lighten,  lightweight2 //\n  5 NOT GREAT:  if something is light, there is not very much of it or it is not very great//  → heavy//  --Traffic is lighter before 8 a.m.//  --A light rain began to fall.//  --She was wearing only light make-up.//  --people who have suffered only light exposure to radiation//\n  6 CLOTHES:  light clothes are thin and not very warm//  --She took a light sweater in case the evening was cool.//  --a light summer coat//\n  7 WIND:  a light wind is blowing without much force//  → strong//  --Leaves were blowing about in the light wind.//  --There was a light easterly breeze.//\n  8 SOUND:  a light sound is very quiet//  → loud//  --There was a light tap at the door.//  --Her voice was light and pleasant.//\n  9 TOUCH:  a light touch is gentle and soft//  --She gave him a light kiss on the cheek.//  --He felt a light tap on his shoulder.//\n  10 WORK/EXERCISE:  light work is not hard or tiring//  --I found him some light work to do.//  --She only has a few light duties around the house.//  --The doctor has advised me to take regular light exercise.//\n  11 FOOD:  a) food or drink that is light either does not have a strong taste or does not make you feel full very quickly, for example because it does not contain very much fat, sugar, or alcohol//  → rich//  --We had a light white wine with the fish.//  --a light, refreshing dessert//  --a new light cheese spread with virtually no fat//  b) a light meal is a small meal//  → big//  --I had a light lunch in town.//  --a delicious light snack//  c) food that is light contains a lot of air//  --a type of light, sweet bread//  --Beat the mixture until it is light and fluffy.//\n  12 PUNISHMENT:  a light punishment is not very severe//  → harsh//  --a fairly light sentence//\n  13  a light smoker/drinker/eater etc:  someone who does not smoke etc very much//\n  14  light sleep/doze:  a sleep from which you wake up easily//  --I fell into a light sleep.//\n  15  a light sleeper:  someone who wakes up easily if there is any noise etc//  --She’s quite a light sleeper.//\n  16 NOT SERIOUS:  not serious in meaning, style, or manner, and only intended to entertain people//  --His speech gradually became lighter in tone.//  --an evening of light music//  --It’s a really good book if you want a bit of light reading .//  --The show looks at some of the lighter moments from the world of politics.//\n  17  light relief:  something that is pleasant and amusing after something sad or serious//  --I’m glad you’ve arrived - we could all do with a little light relief!//\n  18  make light of sth:  to joke about something or treat it as not being very serious, especially when it is important//  --She tried to make light of the situation, but I could tell that she was worried.//\n  19  on a lighter note/in a lighter vein:  used when you are going to say something less sad or serious//  --On a lighter note, the concert raised over [hA124]300 for school funds.//\n  20  make light work of sth:  to do something or deal with something quickly and easily//  --A freezer and microwave oven can make light work of cooking.//\n  21  be light on your feet:  to be able to move quickly and gracefully//  --She’s very agile and light on her feet.//\n  22  a light heart:   literary someone who has a light heart feels happy and not worried//  --I set off for work with a light heart.//    light-hearted//\n  23 SOIL:  light soil is easy to break into small pieces//  → heavy//  --Carrots grow well in light soils.//  -- lightness n  [U] //  --a lightness of touch//\nlight 3 W3S3 v   past tense and past participle  lit  or  lighted //  [Language: Old English; Origin: lihtan]//\n  1 [I and T] to start to burn, or to make something start to burn:  --He stopped to light a cigarette.//  --I lit the fire and poured a drink.//  --I couldn’t get the candles to light.//\n  2 [T usually passive] to provide light for a place:  --The room was lit by one large, central light.//  --The porch is always well lit at night.//  --The kitchen was warm and brightly lit .//  --a poorly lit car park//\n  3  light the/sb’s way:  to provide light for someone while they are going somewhere//  --We had only a few torches between us to light the way.//  light on/upon [light on/upon sth] phr v//\n  1 to notice or find something by chance:  --His eye lit on a ruby ring.//  --I thought I might have lit upon an ancient manuscript.//\n  2 if a bird or insect lights on something, it stops flying and stands on it:  light out phr v//  to run away, especially because you are afraid//  light up phr v//\n  1  light sth → up:  to give light to a place or to shine light on something//  --The flames lit up the sky.//  --The fountain is lit up at night.//\n  2 to become bright with light or colour:  --At night the harbour lights up.//  --As the screen lit up, he typed in his password.//\n  3 :  a) if someone’s face or eyes light up, they show pleasure, excitement etc//  light up with//  --His eyes lit up with laughter.//  --Her face lit up with pleasure.//  b)  light sth → up//  to make someone’s face or eyes show pleasure or excitement//  --Suddenly a smile lit up her face.//  --A mischievous gleam lit up her eyes.//\n  4  informal to light a cigarette:  --I watched Paul light up again.//\nlight 4 adv     travel light at travel1 (1)//


Words: light bulb
Meaning:
n [C]   filament, thread//  the glass object inside a lamp that produces light and has to be replaced regularly//   bulb//


Words: light heavyweight
Meaning:
n [C]   a boxer who weighs less than 79.38 kilograms, and who is heavier than a middleweight but lighter than a cruiserweight//


Words: light industry
Meaning:
n [U and C]   industry that produces small goods, for example computers, in small factories using light machinery//    heavy industry//


Words: light railway
Meaning:
BrE light rail  AmE n [C]   an electric railway system that uses light trains and usually carries only passengers, not goods//


Words: light year
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the distance that light travels in one year, about 9,460,000,000,000 kilometres, used for measuring distances between stars:  --a star 3,000 light years from earth//\n  2  light years ahead/better etc than sth:   informal much more advanced, much better etc than someone or something else//  --The Japanese company is light years ahead of its European competitors.//\n  3  light years ago:   informal a very long time ago//  --It all seems light years ago now.//


Words: light-headed
Meaning:
adj   unable to think clearly or move steadily, for example during a fever or after drinking alcohol//   dizzy//  --The sun and the wine had made him a little light-headed.//  -- light-headedness n  [U] //


Words: light-hearted
Meaning:
adj \n  1 not intended to be serious:  --a light-hearted comedy//\n  2 cheerful and not worried about anything:  --I found her in a light-hearted mood.//  -- light-heartedly adv //  -- light-heartedness n  [U] //


Words: lighted
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a lighted window, room etc is bright because there is a light on inside:\n  2 a lighted  candle, match etc is burning at one end:


Words: lighten
Meaning:
v \n  1 [T] to reduce the amount of work, worry, debt etc that someone has:  → increase//  lighten the load/burden/workload //  --We should hire another secretary to lighten Barbara’s workload.//\n  2 [I and T] to become brighter or less dark, or to make something brighter etc:  → darken//  --As the sky lightened , we were able to see where we were.//\n  3 [I and T] if you lighten something such as a mood or atmosphere, or if it lightens, it becomes less sad or serious:  lighten the atmosphere/mood/conversation //  --Nora didn’t respond to my attempts to lighten the conversation.//\n  4 [I] if someone’s face or expression lightens, they begin to look more cheerful:  --His whole face would lighten when anyone mentioned Nancy.//\n  5 [I and T] to reduce the weight of something or become less heavy:\n  6  lighten up:   spoken used to tell someone not to be so serious about something//  --You need to lighten up a bit.//


Words: lighter
Meaning:
n [C]   1 a small object that produces a flame for lighting cigarettes etc//\n  2 a large, open, low boat used for loading and unloading ships:


Words: lighting
Meaning:
S3   n [U]   the lights that light a room, building, or street, or the quality of the light produced//  --Better street lighting might help to reduce crime.//  fluorescent/electric lighting //  --Fluorescent lighting is much cheaper to use than light bulbs.//  subdued/dim/soft lighting (=lighting that is not very bright) //  artificial/natural lighting //


Words: lightly
Meaning:
adv \n  1 with only a small amount of weight or force:   gently//  --I knocked lightly on the door.//\n  2 using or having only a small amount of something:  --a lightly greased pan//  --lightly armed soldiers//\n  3  take/treat/approach sth lightly:  to do something without serious thought//  --Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.//\n  4  get off lightly:   also be let off lightly //  to be punished in a way that is less severe than you deserve//  --He got off lightly because his father was a lawyer.//\n  5 without worrying, or without appearing to be worried:  --’Things will be fine,’ he said lightly.//


Words: lightning
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: lighten  ’to become less dark’]//\n  1 a powerful flash of light in the sky caused by electricity and usually followed by thunder:  --Two farmworkers were struck by lightning  (=hit by lightning) .//  -- Lightning flashed overhead.//\n  2  like lightning:  extremely quickly//  --Mitch moved like lightning and caught the little girl before she fell.//\n  3  lightning never strikes twice:  something bad or unpleasant is not likely to happen to the same people or in the same place twice//\nlightning 2 adj [only before noun]   very fast, and often without warning//  --a lightning attack//  at/with lightning speed (=extremely quickly) //


Words: lightning conductor
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a metal wire or bar that is attached to the side of a building and goes from the top to the ground, used to protect the building from lightning//


Words: lightning rod
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE \n  1 a lightning conductor:\n  2 someone or something who gets most of the criticism, blame, or public attention when there is a problem, although they may not be responsible for it:  be a lightning rod for sth//  --The senator has become a lightning rod for criticism.//


Words: lights-out
Meaning:
n [U]   the time at night when a group of people who are in a school, the army etc must put the lights out and go to sleep//


Words: lightship
Meaning:
n [C]   a small ship that stays near a dangerous place at sea and guides other ships using a powerful flashing light//


Words: lightweight
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who has no importance or influence, or who does not have the ability to think deeply - used to show disapproval:  → heavyweight//  --an intellectual lightweight//\n  2 a boxer who weighs less than 61.24 kilograms, and who is heavier than a featherweight but lighter than a welterweight:\n  3 someone or something of less than average weight:\nlightweight 2 adj \n  1 weighing less than average:   light//  --a torch made from lightweight plastic//\n  2 lightweight clothing or material is thin, so you can wear it in warm weather:  --a lightweight jacket//\n  3 showing a lack of serious thought - used to show disapproval:  --a lightweight novel//


Words: lignite
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Latin lignum  ’wood’]//  a soft substance like coal, used as fuel//


Words: likable
Meaning:
likeable/la[hA366]k[hA353]b[hA368]l/ adj   likable people are nice and easy to like//  --a friendly likeable little boy//


Words: like
Meaning:
prep   ----------//\n   1 similar:\n   2 what is somebody/something like?:\n   3 example:\n   4 typical:\n   5 like this/that/so:\n   6 just like that:\n   7 something like:\n   8 nothing like:\n   9 there’s nothing like:\n  10 more like:\n  11 that’s more like it/this is more like it:\n  12 more like it:\n  13 what are you like!:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  LIKE6]//\n  1 SIMILAR:  similar to something else, or happening in the same way//  --Her hair is dark brown like mine.//  --A club should be like a big family.//  --He eats like a pig!//  look/sound/feel/taste/seem like //  --The garden looked like a jungle.//  --At last he felt like a real soldier.//  --My experience is very much like that described in the book.//  --He’s very like his brother.//  --Sometimes you sound just like  (=exactly like) my mum!//  --He’s growing more like his father every day.//  --He looked nothing like  (=not at all like) the man in the police photograph. see usage note  as1 //\n  2  what is sb/sth like?:   spoken used when asking someone to describe or give their opinion of a person or thing//  --What’s their house like inside?//  --What are Dan’s parents like?//\n  3 EXAMPLE:  for example//  -- Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.//  --Try to avoid fatty foods like cakes and biscuits.//\n  4 TYPICAL:  typical of a particular person//  be like sb to do sth//  --It’s not like Steven to be late.//  --It’s just like her to run away from her responsibilities!//\n  5  like this/that/so:   spoken used when you are showing someone how to do something//  --You have to fold the corners back, like so.//\n  6  just like that:   informal if you do something just like that, you do it without thinking about it or planning it carefully//  --You can’t give up your job just like that!//\n  7  sth like:  not much more or less than a particular amount//   about//  --The machinery alone will cost something like thirty thousand pounds.//  --He’s scored something like 60 goals this season.//\n  8  nothing like:   BrE not at all//  --Twenty years ago travel was nothing like as easy as it is now.//  --This will be nothing like enough money.//\n  9  there’s nothing like:  used to say that a particular thing is very enjoyable//  --There’s nothing like a nice cup of tea!//\n  10  more like:  used when giving an amount or number that you think is closer to being right than one that has been mentioned//  --The builders say they’ll be finished in three months, but I think it’ll be more like six.//\n  11  that’s more like it/this is more like it:   spoken used to say that something is better, more correct, or more enjoyable than something else//  --That gives us a total of 52 - that’s more like it.//  --She sat down by the pool and took a sip of her wine. ’This is more like it,’ she said.//\n  12  more like it:   BrE  spoken used when you want to change something that has been said, to make it more true//  --’Poor David,’ she said. ’Poor Harriet, more like it!’//\n  13  what are you like!:   BrE  spoken  informal used in a joking, friendly way, when you are surprised by what someone has just said or done//  --’I think she’s a lovely lady.’ ’What are you like!’//\nlike 2 v [T not usually in progressive]   ----------//\n   1 think something is nice:\n   2 like a person:\n   3 approve of something:\n   4 do something regularly:\n   5 want:\n   6 whatever/wherever/anything etc you like:\n   7 as long as you like/as much as you like etc:\n   8 (whether you) like it or not:\n   9 I’d like to think/believe (that):\n  10 if you like:\n  11 romantic:\n  12 I’d like to see you/him do something:\n  13 how would you like something?:\n  14 I like that!:\n  15 like it or lump it:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lician]//\n  1 THINK SOMETHING IS NICE:  to enjoy something or think that it is nice or good//    love//  → dislike//  --I like your jacket.//  --I don’t really like classical music.//  --Do you like this colour?//  --I like my coffee quite weak.//  --I don’t like it when you get angry.//  -- How do you like living in London (=how much do you like it) ?//  like doing sth//  --I don’t like talking in public.//  like to do sth//  --I like to see people enjoying themselves.//  --In time, I got to like her (=began to like her) .//  --I quite like their new album.//  --We really liked the film.//  --The time I like best  (=like most of all) is the evening when it’s cool.//  like sth about sb/sth//  --One of the things I like about John is his sense of humour.//  --I didn’t like the idea of being a single parent.//\n  2 LIKE A PERSON:  to think that someone is nice or enjoy being with them//  --Jessica’s really nice, but I don’t like her boyfriend.//  --You’ll like my brother.//  --I really like Sam.//  --She’s a lovely girl and I like her very much .//\n  3 APPROVE OF SOMETHING:  to approve of something and think that it is good or right//  --I don’t like dishonesty.//  --I don’t like the way he shouts at the children.//  like doing sth//  --He’s never liked talking about people behind their backs.//  like sb doing sth//  --I don’t like him taking all the credit when he didn’t do any of the work.//  like to do sth//  --She doesn’t like to swear in front of the children.//\n  4 DO SOMETHING REGULARLY:  to try to do something regularly or make something happen regularly//  like to do sth//  --I like to get up early and get a bit of work done before breakfast.//  like sb to do sth//  --We like our students to take part in college sports activities.//\n  5 WANT:   would like//  a) used to say that you want something or want to do something//    love//  --I’d like a cheeseburger, please.//  would like to do sth//  --I’d like to see that film.//  --There’s something I’d like to tell you.//  --I’d like to apologize for my behaviour yesterday.//  --I’d just like to say how grateful we are for your help.//  would like sb to do sth//  --He would like us all to be at the meeting.//  b) used to ask someone if they want something or want to do something//  --Would you like a drink?//  --What would you like to eat?//  --Contact our office if you would like more information.//  would sb like to do sth//  --Would you like to come with us?//  -- How would you like  (=would you like) to spend the summer in Italy?//  would sb like sb to do sth//  --Would you like me to pick you up in the morning? see usage note  wish1 //\n  6  whatever/wherever/anything etc you like:  whatever thing you want, in whatever place you want etc//  --You can sit wherever you like.//  --You can choose anything you like from the menu.//\n  7  as long as you like/as much as you like etc:  as long, as much etc as you want//  --You know you’re welcome to stay with us as long as you like.//  --Take as many as you like.//\n  8  (whether you) like it or not:  used to emphasize that something unpleasant is true or will happen and cannot be changed//  --Like it or not, people are often judged by their appearance.//\n  9  I’d like to think/believe (that):  used to say that you wish or hope something is true, when you are not sure that it is//  --I’d like to think that we offer an excellent service.//  --I would like to believe that the company can be successful in the future.//\n  10  spoken  if you like:   BrE //  a) used to suggest or offer something to someone//  --I can give you her phone number, if you like.//  --If you like, I could go with you.//  b) used to agree to something, even if it is not really what you want yourself//  --’Shall we get a takeaway on the way home?’ ’If you like.’//  c) used to suggest one possible way of describing something or someone//  --We don’t have a proper agreement, but we have an informal understanding, if you like.//\n  11  spoken ROMANTIC:  to think someone is sexually attractive//    love//  --Do you think Alex likes me?//\n  12  spoken  I’d like to see you/him do sth:  used to say that you do not believe someone can do something//  --I’d like to see you organize a conference!//\n  13  spoken  how would you like sth?:  used to ask someone to imagine how they would feel if something bad happened to them instead of to you or someone else//  --How would you like being left alone for hours in a strange place?//  --How would you like it if someone treated you in that way?//\n  14  spoken  I like that!:   BrE used to say that what someone has said or done is rude and unfair//  --I like that! She didn’t even say thank you!//\n  15  spoken  like it or lump it:  used to say that someone must accept a situation or decision they do not like because it cannot be changed//\nlike 3 n   [Sense: 1; Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  LIKE2]//  [Sense: 2-3, 5; Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  LIKE6]//\n  1  sb’s likes and dislikes:  the things that someone likes and does not like//  --We all have our own likes and dislikes when it comes to food.//\n  2  and the like/and such like:  and similar things//  --Soldiers, policemen, and the like were all called in to help with the emergency.//  --They believe that the government does not spend enough money on health, education, and such like.//\n  3  the likes of sb/sth:   spoken //  a) used to talk about someone you do not like or do not approve of//  --I don’t want you spending time with the likes of him.//  b) used to talk about people of a particular type//  --Information is collected through the likes of the FBI, CIA, and Scotland Yard.//\n  4  the like of sb/sth:   also sb’s/sth’s like //   formal something similar to someone or a particular person or thing, or of equal importance or value//  --This will be a show the like of which has never been seen before.//  --The man was a genius. We shall not see his like again.//\nlike 4 S1 adv  spoken   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  LIKE1]//\n  1 used in speech to fill a pause while you are thinking what to say next:  --The water was, like, really cold.//  --I was just, like, standing there.//\n  2  I’m/he’s/she’s like...:  a) used to tell the exact words someone used//  --I asked Dave if he wanted to go, and he’s like, no way!//  b) used to describe an event, feeling, or person, when it is difficult to describe or when you use a noise instead of words//  --She was like, huh? (=she did not understand) //\n  3  as like as not/like enough:   BrE probably//  --The ambulance will be too late, as like as not.//\nlike 5 S1 conj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  LIKE1]//\n  1 in the same way as. Some people consider this use to be incorrect:  --No one else can score goals like he can!//  --Don’t talk to me like you talk to a child.//\n  2  like I say/said:   spoken used when you are repeating something that you have already said//  --Like I said, I don’t mind helping out on the day.//  --I’m sorry, but, like I say, she’s not here at the moment.//\n  3  informal as if. Some people think that this use is not correct English:  --He looked at me like I was mad.//  --It looks like it’s going to rain.//  --This meat smells like it’s gone bad.//\nlike 6 adj [only before noun]  formal   [Language: Old English; Origin: gelic]//\n  1 similar in some way:  --The second dispute was sorted out in a like manner.//  --They get on well together because they are of like mind .//  --Try to buy two fish of like size .//\n  2  be like to do sth:   old use to be likely to do something//


Words: like-minded
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   having similar interests and opinions//  --a chance to meet like-minded people //  -- like-mindedness n  [U] //


Words: likelihood
Meaning:
n [singular, U] \n  1 the degree to which something can reasonably be expected to happen:   probability//  likelihood of//  --Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.//  little/lower/high/greater etc likelihood //  --There was very little likelihood of her getting the job.//  likelihood (that)//  --They must face the likelihood that the newspaper might go bankrupt.//\n  2  in all likelihood:  almost certainly//  --If I refused, it would in all likelihood mean I’d lose my job.//


Words: likely
Meaning:
adj   comparative  likelier superlative  likeliest //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: glikligr, from  glikr  ’like’]//\n  1 something that is likely will probably happen or is probably true:  → unlikely//  --Snow showers are likely tomorrow.//  likely outcome/effects/consequences etc //  --What are the likely effects of the law going to be?//  --the most likely cause of the problem//  likely to do/be sth//  --Children who live in the country’s rural areas are very likely to be poor.//  more/less/most/least likely //  --Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.//  --It is more than likely  (=almost certain) the votes will have to be counted again.//  --It could have been an accident, but that was hardly likely  (=not very likely) .//  --He could offer no likely explanation when I asked him.//\n  2 [only before noun] suitable for a particular purpose:  --the three most likely candidates for president//  --One likely source of energy is windpower.//\n  3  a likely story:   spoken used to tell someone you do not believe what they have just said//\nlikely 2 adv \n  1 probably:  most/very likely //  --I’d very likely have done the same thing in your situation.//  (as) likely as not  spoken  (=very probably) //  --As likely as not, the meeting will take place in the village pub.//\n  2  not likely!:   spoken  especially BrE used to disagree strongly, or to say that something will not happen//  --’He said you’d be giving them a lift.’ ’Not likely!’//


Words: liken
Meaning:
v   liken to / [liken sb/sth to sb/sth] phr v//   formal to say that someone or something is similar to another person or thing//   compare//  --Critics have likened the new theater to a supermarket.//


Words: likeness
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U and C] the quality of being similar in appearance to someone or something:   resemblance//  likeness to//  --Hugh’s uncanny likeness to his father//  --I can see the family likeness .//\n  2 [C] a painting or photograph of a person, especially one that looks very like the person:  good/perfect/true etc likeness //  likeness of//  --That’s a remarkable likeness of Julia.//


Words: likewise
Meaning:
adv \n  1  formal in the same way:   similarly//  --Nanny put on a shawl and told the girls to do likewise .//  [sentence adverb] //  --The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.//\n  2  likewise:   spoken used to return someone’s greeting or polite statement//  --’You’re always welcome at our house.’ ’Likewise.’//


Words: liking
Meaning:
n \n  1  liking for sb/sth:   formal when you like someone or something//  --Jim and Keith had a liking and respect for each other.//  --She’s developed a liking for theatre.//\n  2  take a liking to sb/sth:  to begin to like someone or something//  --He immediately took a liking to Steve.//\n  3  to your liking:   formal being just what you wanted//  --I hope everything was to your liking, Sir.//


Words: lilac
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Early  French, from  Arabic lilak, from  Persian nilak  ’bluish’, from  nil  ’blue’]//\n  1 [C] a small tree with pale purple or white flowers:\n  2 [U] a pale purple colour:   mauve//  -- lilac adj //  --a lilac dress//


Words: Lilith
Meaning:
a female  devil (=an evil spirit) , who, according to an ancient Jewish tradition, was the first wife of  Adam, and was also a  vampire (=an evil spirit that sucks people’s blood) .//


Words: Lilliburlero
Meaning:
a song which is a satire on Irish Roman Catholics and the appointment of General Talbot as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1687//


Words: Lilliput
Meaning:
an imaginary country in the book  Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan  Swift, where all the people, animals, and buildings are very small//  -- Lilliputian adj //


Words: lilliputian
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Lilliput, an imaginary country full of very small people in the book Gulliver’s Travels (1726) by Jonathan Swift]//  extremely small compared to the normal size of things//


Words: Lilo
Meaning:
n   plural  Lilos  [C] //   trademark  BrE a rubber mattress filled with air and used as a bed or for floating on water//


Words: lilt
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: lilt  ’to sing cheerfully or with a lilt’ (14-20 centuries)]//  a pleasant pattern of rising and falling sound in someone’s voice or in music//  --the lilt of a Scottish accent//  -- lilting adj //  --a lilting melody//


Words: lily
Meaning:
n   plural  lilies  [C] //  [Date: 900-1000; Language: Latin; Origin: lilium]//  one of several types of plant with large bell-shaped flowers of various colours, especially white//    gild the lily at gild(3),  water lily//


Words: lily-white
Meaning:
adj \n  1 pure white:  --lily-white skin//\n  2  informal morally perfect:  --You’re not so lily-white yourself!//


Words: Lima
Meaning:
the capital city of Peru, which is an important industrial centre and has a 16th century university//


Words: lima bean
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Lima in Peru]//  a round, flat light green bean that grows in America//


Words: limb
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lim]//\n  1  out on a limb:  alone and without help or support//  --All the other countries signed the agreement, leaving Britain out on a limb.//  --He’d gone out on a limb  (=taken a risk) to help us.//\n  2 an arm or leg:\n  3  strong-limbed/long-limbed etc:  having strong, long etc arms and legs//\n  4 a large branch of a tree:    risk life and limb at risk2 (1),  tear sb limb from limb at tear2 (9)//


Words: limber
Meaning:
v   limber up phr v//  to do gentle exercises in order to prepare your muscles for a race, competition etc//\nlimber 2 adj   able to move and bend easily//


Words: limbo
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: Latin limbus  ’border’]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  LIMBER2]//\n  1 [singular, U] a situation in which nothing happens or changes for a long period of time, and it is difficult to make decisions or know what to do, often because you are waiting for something else to happen first:  be in limbo//  --I’m in limbo now until I know whether I’ve got the job.//  limbo of//  --the limbo of his eight years in jail//\n  2  the limbo:  a West Indian dance in which the dancer leans backwards and goes under a stick that is lowered gradually//


Words: lime
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1,4; Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Proven[hA168]al limo, from  Arabic lim]//  [Sense: 2; Origin: Old English lind]//  [Sense: 3; Origin: Old English lim]//\n  1 [C] a small juicy green fruit with a sour taste, or the tree this grows on:\n  2 [C] a tree with pleasant-smelling yellow flowers:   linden//\n  3 [U] a white substance obtained by burning limestone, used for making cement, marking sports fields etc:   quicklime//\n  4 [U] a light yellowish green colour:\nlime 2 v [T]    technical to add lime to soil to control acid//


Words: limelight
Meaning:
n [singular, U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  LIME12 +  light; because originally the light was produced by burning lime]//  a situation in which someone receives a lot of attention, especially from newspapers, television etc//  in/out of the limelight//  --Tad loves being in the limelight.//  --The president’s wife wanted to stay out of the limelight.//  --She’s afraid this new actor will steal the limelight from her.//  --his few moments of limelight in front of the cameras//


Words: limerick
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Limerick county in Ireland]//  a humorous short poem that has five lines that rhyme//


Words: limescale
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   a hard white or grey substance that forms on the inside of pipes, taps and water containers//


Words: limey
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: lime-juicer  ’British sailor’ (19-20 centuries); because lime juice was drunk to prevent the disease scurvy in the British navy]//   AmE  old-fashioned a slightly insulting word for someone from Britain//


Words: limit
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 greatest/least allowed:\n   2 greatest amount possible:\n   3 place:\n   4 off limits:\n   5 within limits:\n   6 be over the limit:\n   7 know your limits:\n   8 have your limits:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: limite, from  Latin limes  ’edge, boundary’]//\n  1 GREATEST/LEAST ALLOWED:  the greatest or least amount, number, speed etc that is allowed//  limit to/on//  --There’s a limit on the time you have to take the test.//  --My wife and I set a limit on how much we spend on clothes.//  -- The cheque must not  exceed the limit  set by the banker’s card. //  --a 55 mph speed limit //  -- The  time limit  for making claims is three months. //  --There’s no age limit for applicants.//  -- an  upper limit  for pollution levels //  --His blood alcohol level was 50% above the legal limit .//  --The public would like strict spending limits on political campaigns.//\n  2 GREATEST AMOUNT POSSIBLE:   also limits //  the greatest possible amount of something that can exist or be obtained//  limit of//  --the limits of human knowledge//  --He’d reached the limit of his patience.//  --Our finances are already stretched to the limit  (=we do not have any extra money) .//  -- There’s no limit to what you can do if you try.//\n  3 PLACE:   also limits //  the furthest point or edge of a place, often one that must not be passed//  --He had not been outside the limits of the prison walls for 20 years.//  --The public is not allowed within a 2-mile limit of the missile site.//  --Los Angeles city limits //\n  4  off limits:  a) beyond the area where someone is allowed to go//  --That area of beach was off limits to us ’city kids’.//  b) beyond what you are allowed to do or have//  --His private life is off limits to the press.//\n  5  within limits:  within the time, level, amount etc considered acceptable//  --You can come and go when you want - within limits.//\n  6  be over the limit:  to have drunk more alcohol than is legal or safe for driving//\n  7  know your limits:   informal to know what you are good at doing and what you are not good at//  --I know my limits. I’m not an administrator.//\n  8  have your limits:   spoken to have a set of ideas about what is reasonable to do, and to not accept behaviour that does not follow those ideas//  --I have my limits. You will not use that kind of nasty language in class.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  set/impose a limit //  exceed a limit  (=go beyond a limit) //  speed limit //  time limit //  age limit //  upper limit  (=the highest point something can reach) //  lower limit  (=the lowest point something can reach) //  above/below the limit //  strict limit //  legal limit //  ----------//\nlimit 2 W2S3 v \n  1 [T] to stop an amount or number from increasing beyond a particular point:  --a decision to limit imports of foreign cars//  limit sth to sth//  --Seating is limited to 500.//\n  2 [T] to stop someone from doing what they want or from developing and improving beyond a particular point:  --A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.//  limit yourself to sth//  --I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day.//\n  3  be limited to sth:  to exist or happen only in a particular place, group, or area of activity//  --The damage was limited to the roof.//


Words: limitation
Meaning:
W3   n \n  1 [U] the act or process of controlling or reducing something:  limitation to//  --Any limitation to the king’s power could be permanent.//  --a nuclear limitation treaty//    damage limitation at damage1 (3)//\n  2 [C usually plural] qualities that stop someone or something from being as good or as effective as you wish they could be:   weakness//  limitation of//  --Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.//  --It’s a good little car, but it has its limitations .//\n  3 [U and C] a rule or condition that stops something from increasing beyond a particular point:  limitation on/upon//  --a limitation on the number of hours children can work//  put/place/impose limitations //  --The new law imposes limitations on campaign contributions.//


Words: limited
Meaning:
W2   adj \n  1 not very great in amount, number, ability etc:  limited number/amount/time etc //  --There are only a limited number of tickets available.//  --My knowledge of the business is limited.//  --The organization has very limited resources .//  --So far, the education reforms have had only limited success .//  (be of) limited use/value //  --Unfortunately, the drug is of limited value in treating cancer.//\n  2  Limited:   written abbreviation Ltd //  used after the name of British business companies that have limited liability//


Words: limited company
Meaning:
also limited liability company  n [C]   a company in Britain whose owners only have to pay a limited amount if the company gets into debt//    public limited company//


Words: limited edition
Meaning:
n [C]   a small number of special copies of a book, picture etc which are produced at one time only//


Words: limited liability
Meaning:
n [U]    technical the legal position of being responsible for paying only a limited amount of debt if something bad happens to yourself or your company//


Words: limiting
Meaning:
adj \n  1 preventing any improvement or increase in something:  --A limiting factor in health care is the way resources are distributed.//\n  2  informal preventing someone from developing and doing what they are interested in:  --The job’s OK, but it’s sort of limiting.//


Words: limousine
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: ’covering for the driver of a horse-drawn vehicle (as worn in Limousin)’, from  Limousin area of France]//\n  1 a very large, expensive, and comfortable car, driven by someone who is paid to drive:\n  2 a small bus that people take to and from airports in the US:


Words: limp
Meaning:
adj   not firm or strong//  --a limp handshake//  --His body suddenly went limp and he fell down on the floor.//  -- limply adv //  --His arms were hanging limply .//  -- limpness n  [U] //\nlimp 2 v [I] \n  1 to walk slowly and with difficulty because one leg is hurt or injured:  --Moreno limped off the field with a foot injury.//\n  2 [always + adverb/preposition] if a ship or aircraft limps somewhere, it goes there slowly, because it has been damaged:  limp into//  --The damaged liner limped into New York.//  limp along phr v//  if a company, project etc limps along, it is not successful//  --The team is limping along in fifth place.//\nlimp 3 n [C]   the way someone walks when they are limping//  --Young walked with a slight limp .//


Words: limp-wristed
Meaning:
adj   a limp-wristed man is considered to lack male qualities such as strength; sometimes used to say that a man is homosexual//


Words: limpet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1000-1100; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: lampreda  ’limpet, lamprey’]//  a small sea animal with a shell, which holds tightly onto the rock where it lives//


Words: limpid
Meaning:
adj  literary   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: limpide, from  Latin, from  lympha;   LYMPH]//  clear or transparent//  --limpid blue eyes//  -- limpidly adv //  -- limpidity/l[hA366]mp[hA366]d[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: Limpopo
Meaning:
the Limpopo//  a river in southern Africa, which flows from South Africa and through Mozambique to the Indian Ocean//


Words: linchpin
Meaning:
lynchpin/l[hA366]nt[hA35D]p[hA366]n/ n   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: linch  ’pin fastening a wheel to an axle’ (11-16 centuries) (from  Old English lynis) +  pin]//  the linchpin of sth//  the person or thing in a group, system etc that is most important, because everything depends on them//


Words: Lincoln
Meaning:
trademark   a type of large US car made by the  Ford company. The Lincoln Continental is one of the best-known  luxury cars in the US//\n  the capital city of the US state of Nebraska//\n Abraham   (1809-65) a US politician in the  Republican Party who was President of the US from 1861 to 1865. He won political support in the Northern US states because of his speeches against  slavery, but this made him unpopular in the Southern states, where slaves did most of the farm work. The American  Civil War started soon after he became President, when the Southern states decided to leave the US. In 1863 he announced the  Emancipation Proclamation, by which all slaves in the US became free people. He also gave a famous speech known as the  Gettysburg Address in 1863. A few days after the war ended, he was shot and killed in a theatre by an actor called John Wilkes  Booth. Lincoln is one of the most important US presidents, and was sometimes called ’Honest Abe’ because everyone admired his honesty.//


Words: Lincoln Center the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
Meaning:
an important  cultural centre in New York City, consisting of several buildings where plays, concerts, and  operas are performed. It includes the Metropolitan Opera House and the New York City Ballet.//


Words: Lincoln Memorial
Meaning:
the Lincoln Memorial//  a  marble building in Washington, D.C., which has a large  statue (=carved stone figure)  of Abraham  Lincoln//


Words: Lincoln Tunnel
Meaning:
the Lincoln Tunnel//  a tunnel for traffic under the Hudson River in New York City, which connects Manhattan with New Jersey//


Words: Lincoln’s Birthday
Meaning:
the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, February 12th, which is a legal holiday in many US states//    Presidents’ Day//


Words: Lindbergh
Meaning:
Charles   (1902-74) a US pilot who in 1927 became the first person to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean without stopping. He flew from New York to Paris in his plane called  The Spirit of Saint Louis.//


Words: linden
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: ’made of linden wood’, from  lind  ’linden tree’]//  a lime tree//


Words: Lindisfarne Gospels
Meaning:
the   an  illuminated (=with the pages decorated with gold paint and other bright colours)  copy of the four Christian  Gospels, produced at the end of the 7th century on the island of Lindisfarne and now kept in the  British Museum//


Words: line
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 on paper/on the ground:\n   2 between two areas:\n   3 of people/things:\n   4 direction:\n   5 on your face:\n   6 phone:\n   7 for trains:\n   8 between two types of thing:\n   9 shape/edge:\n  10 words:\n  11 opinion/attitude:\n  12 way of doing something:\n  13 series of events:\n  14 in a war:\n  15 in a company/organization:\n  16 of rope/wire:\n  17 product:\n  18 along these/those lines:\n  19 along religious/ethnic/party etc lines:\n  20 on line:\n  21 drop somebody a line:\n  22 don’t give me that line:\n  23 fall into line/bring somebody into line:\n  24 in line with something:\n  25 bring something into line with something:\n  26 be out of line:\n  27 be in line for something/be in line to do something:\n  28 be first/second/next etc in line to the throne:\n  29 be on the line:\n  30 be in somebody’s line:\n  31 get a line on somebody/something:\n  32 somewhere along the line:\n  33 down the line:\n  34 in the line of duty:\n  35 be in the firing line/in the line of fire:\n  36 punishment:\n  37 family:\n  38 job:\n  39 transport:\n  40 drug:  ----------//  [Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  Partly from  Old French ligne, from  Latin linea, from  linum  ’flax’; partly from  Old English line]//\n  1 ON PAPER/ON THE GROUND:   [C] a long thin mark on a piece of paper, the ground, or another surface//  --Draw a straight line across the top of the page.//  --Sign your name on the dotted line  (=line made up of a series of dots) .//  --The edges of the pitch are marked by white lines.//  --The goalkeeper just managed to stop the ball going over the line.//  --He raced towards the finishing line.//\n  2 BETWEEN TWO AREAS:   [C] an imaginary line on the surface of the earth, for example showing where one country or area of land stops and another begins//  county/state line  AmE //  --He was born in a small town just across the state line.//  line of latitude/longitude //  --They were still travelling along the same line of longitude.//    International Date Line//\n  3 OF PEOPLE/THINGS:   [C] //  a) a row of people or things next to each other//  line of//  --There was a line of fir trees on either side of the road.//  --The four men were standing in a line on the other side of the table.//  --A couple of the posts were out of line  (=not in a straight row) .//  b)  especially AmE a row of people, cars etc that are waiting one behind the other//   queue BrE //  --I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office.//  line of//  --I joined the line of vehicles waiting to get into the car park.//  --The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.//  --The woman next in line began to mutter to herself.//  --He tried to cut in line  (=go in front of other people who are waiting) .//\n  4 DIRECTION:   [C] the direction or imaginary line along which something travels between two places//  --Light travels in a straight line .//  --A boat came into my line of vision  (=direction I was looking in) .//  line of fire/attack/movement etc (=the direction in which someone shoots, attacks, moves etc) //  --I was directly in the animal’s line of attack.//  --They knew they needed to block their enemy’s supply lines  (=direction used for carrying supplies of food etc) .//\n  5 ON YOUR FACE:   [C] a line on the skin of someone’s face//    wrinkle//  --She frowned, and deep lines appeared between her eyebrows.//  --There were fine lines around her eyes.//  --No one can avoid lines and wrinkles as they get older.//\n  6 PHONE:   [C] a telephone wire or connection//  --I’m sorry, the line is busy  (=someone is already using it) .//  --There seems to be a fault on the line .//  --There was a click, then the line went dead  (=suddenly stopped working completely) .//  --Henry is on the line  (=on the phone) from New York.//  --I got on the line to  (=phoned) the hospital as soon as I heard about the accident.//  --I wished he would just get off the line .//  --I’m sorry, it’s a bad line and I can’t hear you.//  -- Hold the line  (=wait on the phone) , please, and I’ll put you through to our sales department.//  --Do you have a separate line for your modem?//\n  7 FOR TRAINS:   [C] a track that a train travels along//  --We were delayed because of a problem further along the line.//  --When you get to central London, take the Victoria Line to Finsbury Park.//  railway line  BrE; //  railroad line  AmE //  --The trail follows a disused railroad line along the edge of the valley.//\n  8 BETWEEN TWO TYPES OF THING:   [C usually singular] the point at which one type of thing can be considered to be something else or at which it becomes a particular thing//  line between//  --There is a fine line between superstition and religion.//  --The dividing line between luxuries and necessities is constantly changing.//  --Sometimes he found it hard to draw the line between work and pleasure.//  --Her remarks did not quite cross the line into rudeness.//  --Large numbers of families are living on or near the poverty line  (=the point at which people are considered to be very poor) .//\n  9 SHAPE/EDGE:   [C usually plural] the outer shape of something long or tall//  --She was wearing a loose dress which softened the lines of her body.//  --a modern building with clean, elegant lines.//\n  10 WORDS:   [C] //  a) a line of written words, for example in a poem or a document//  --He quoted a few lines from Shakespeare.//  --Scroll down to line 29.//  b) a remark//  --He liked to introduce himself with a witty opening line.//  --This was one of his favourite chat-up lines  (=remark for impressing someone you want to attract) .//  c)  [usually plural] words that someone has to learn and say as part of a play or performance//  --Paul often messed up his lines.//  --It always took me ages to learn my lines .//\n  11 OPINION/ATTITUDE:   [singular] an opinion or attitude, especially one that someone states publicly and that influences their actions//  line on//  --I can’t agree with the government’s line on immigration.//  --Journalists are often too willing to accept the official line  (=the opinion that a government states officially) .//  --He found it hard to accept the party line  (=the official opinion of a political party) on every issue.//  take a tough/firm/hard line on sth //  --The school takes a very tough line on drugs.//    toe the line at toe2 //\n  12 WAY OF DOING SOMETHING:   [C] a particular way of doing something or of thinking about something//  line of argument/reasoning/inquiry etc //  --It seemed useless to pursue this line of questioning.//  --Opposition parties soon realized they would have to try a different line of attack.//  --The police are following several different lines of enquiry.//  --We were both thinking along the same lines  (=in the same way) .//  --In South Africa, the press developed along very different lines  (=in a very different way) .//  --More groups will now be set up on these lines  (=this way) .//  --The company’s rapid success means it’s definitely on the right lines  (=doing something the right way) .//\n  13 SERIES OF EVENTS:   [C usually singular] a series of events that follow each other//  line of//  --This is the latest in a long line of political scandals.//\n  14 IN A WAR:   [C] the edge of an area that is controlled by an army, where soldiers stay and try to prevent their enemy from moving forward//  --They finally broke through the German line.//  --young soldiers who were sent to the front line to fight//  --One regiment was trapped behind enemy lines .//  --Reinforcements were available just behind the lines .//\n  15 IN A COMPANY/ORGANIZATION:   [C] a series of levels of authority within an organization//  --Decisions are taken by senior officers and fed down through the line of command to the ordinary soldiers.//  --There should be more direct discussion between managers and workers lower down the line .//    line manager//\n  16 OF ROPE/WIRE:   [C] a piece of strong string, rope, or wire used for a particular purpose//  --She hung the clothes out on the washing line  (=line for hanging wet clothes on to dry) .//  --The fishing line  (=line for catching fish) snapped and the fish got away.//\n  17 PRODUCT:   [C] a type of goods for sale in a shop//  --The company has just launched a new line of small, low-priced computers.//\n  18  along these/those lines:   also along the lines of sth //  similar to something else//  --We usually start with general questions along the lines of, ’How do you feel?’//  --They’re trying to organize a trip to the beach or something along those lines .//\n  19  along religious/ethnic/party etc lines:  if people divide along religious, party etc lines they divide according to the religion, political party, or other group they belong to//  --The committee was split along party lines .//  --The community remains divided along religious lines .//\n  20  on line:  a) using a computer to get information or to communicate with people//  --You can book tickets on line.//  --Most of our sales staff now work on line.//    online//  b) working properly as planned//  --a new nuclear reactor which should be on line by 2005//  --If there is a power failure, the emergency generators should come on line within 15 minutes.//\n  21  drop sb a line:   informal to write a short letter or email to someone//  --Drop me a line and let me know how you’re getting on.//\n  22  don’t give me that line:   spoken used to say that you do not believe someone’s excuse//  --I know for a fact you weren’t sick yesterday, so don’t give me that line.//\n  23  fall into line/bring sb into line:   informal to start to do what someone else wants you to do, or to make someone do this//  --Now that France and Germany have signed up, other countries will soon fall into line.//  --The few party rebels were soon brought into line.//\n  24  in line with sth:  if something changes in line with something else, it changes in the same way and at the same rate as it//  --Pensions will be increased in line with inflation.//\n  25  bring sth into line with sth:  to change a system so that it works according to a particular set of rules, laws etc//  --UK immigration procedures will have to be changed to bring them into line with the latest European ruling.//\n  26  be out of line:   informal //  a) to say or do something that is not acceptable in a particular situation//  --You just keep quiet! You’re way out of line.//  b) to not obey someone, or to do something that you should not do//  get/step put of line //  --Anybody who steps out of line will be in deep trouble.//\n  27  be in line for sth/be in line to do sth:  to be very likely to get or be given something//  --I should be in line for promotion soon.//  first/second/next etc in line for //  --He must be first in line for the editor’s job.//\n  28  be first/second/next etc in line to the throne:  to be the person who has a right to become a future king or queen//  --As the oldest son, he was next in line to the throne.//\n  29  be on the line:  if something important is on the line, there is a risk that you might lose it or something bad could happen to it//  --From now on, all our jobs are on the line.//  --She knew that her whole future was on the line.//  put yourself/your neck on the line (for sb) (=risk something bad happening to you) //  --I’ve already put myself on the line for you once, and I’m not going to do it again.//\n  30  be in sb’s line:   informal to be the type of thing that someone is interested in or good at//  --Acting’s not really in my line, I’m afraid.//\n  31  get a line on sb/sth:   informal  especially AmE to get information about someone or something//  --We need to get some kind of a line on these guys.//\n  32  somewhere along the line:   informal at some time during an activity or period of time//  --Somewhere along the line, Errol seemed to have lost interest in her.//\n  33  down the line:   informal later, after an activity or situation has been continuing for a period of time//  --There may be more costs further down the line.//  --Now, three years down the line, we’re beginning to see the problems with the treatment.//\n  34  in the line of duty:  happening or done as part of your job//  --firefighters dying in the line of duty//\n  35  be in the firing line/in the line of fire:  a) to be one of the people who could be criticized or blamed for something//  --As one of the President’s chief advisers, he’s bound to be in the firing line.//  b) to be in a place where a bullet etc might hit you//  --A couple of civilians were caught in the firing line.//\n  36 PUNISHMENT:   lines [plural]  BrE a punishment given to school children that consists of writing the same thing a lot of times//  --He got 50 lines for being cheeky to a teacher.//\n  37 FAMILY:   [singular] your family, considered as the people you are related to who lived before you and the people who will live after you//  --She comes from a long line of actors.//  --It looks as if Joe might be the last of the line (=the last in his family) .//  the male/female line //  --This particular gene is passed down through the male line.//  line of succession (=the system by which an important position or property is passed from a parent to their children, and then to their children etc) //  --Henry the Eighth wanted a male heir to ensure the Tudor line of succession.//\n  38 JOB:   [C usually singular] the type of work someone does//  line of work/business //  --What line of business is he in?//  in the building/retail etc line //  --She’s keen to do something in the fashion line.//\n  39 TRANSPORT:   [C] a company that provides transport for moving goods by sea, air, road etc//  --He runs a transatlantic shipping line.//\n  40 DRUG:   [C]  informal an amount of an illegal drug in powder form, arranged in a line so it can be breathed in through the nose//    draw the line at at draw1 (16),  draw a line (between sth) at draw1 (15),  where do you draw the line? at draw1 (17),  draw a line under sth at draw1 (18)//    hard line at hard1 (21)//    hook, line and sinker at hook1 (9)//    lay sth on the line at lay2 (18)//    picket line//    the poverty line/level at poverty(2)//    read between the lines at read1 (14)//\nline 2 v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: line  ’flax’, from  Old English lin;   LINEN]//\n  1 to sew a piece of material onto the inside or back of another piece to make it stronger or warmer:  --Are those curtains lined?//  line sth with sth//  --a leather coat lined with silk//\n  2 to form a layer over the inner surface of something:  --The birds use small leaves for lining their nests.//  line sth with sth//  --The cage should be lined with straw.//\n  3 to form rows along the sides of something:  --Crowds lined the route to the palace.//  be lined with sth//  --The street was lined with small shops.//  --a tree-lined avenue//\n  4  line your own pockets:  to make yourself richer, especially by doing something dishonest - used to show disapproval//  line up phr v//\n  1 if people line up, or if you line them up, they stand in a row or line, or you make them do this:  --Line up, everybody!//  line sb → up//  --He lined us all up in the corridor.//\n  2  line sth → up:  to arrange things in a row//  --I lined the bottles up on the sideboard.//\n  3  line sth → up:  to move one thing so that it is in the correct position in relation to something else//  line something → up with//  --The windows should be lined up with the door frame.//\n  4  line sb/sth → up:  to arrange for something to happen or for someone to be available for an event//  --We’ve lined up some excellent speakers for tonight.//  --He’s already got a new job lined up .//    line-up//


Words: line management
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   a system of management in which information and instructions are passed from one person to someone immediately higher or lower than them in rank//


Words: line manager
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE \n  1 a manager in a company who is responsible for the main activities of production, sales etc:\n  2  sb’s line manager:  someone who is one level higher in rank than you in a company and is in charge of your work//


Words: line printer
Meaning:
n [C]   a machine that prints information from a computer at a very high speed//  -- line printing n  [U] //


Words: line-out
Meaning:
n [C]   the way of starting play again in a Rugby Union game, when the ball has gone off the field//


Words: line-up
Meaning:
n [C usually singular] \n  1 the players in a sports team who play in a particular game:  --This was his first match in the starting line-up  (=the players who begin the game) .//\n  2 a group of people, especially performers, who have agreed to be involved in an event:  --The line-up included top bands Prodigy and Radiohead.//\n  3 a number of events or programmes arranged to follow each other:  --a wonderful line-up of programmes for Christmas and the New Year//\n  4  especially AmE a row of people who stand in front of a witness to a crime, who is then asked if he or she recognizes any of them as the criminal:  British Equivalent:  identification parade//


Words: lineage
Meaning:
n [U and C]    formal the way in which members of a family are descended from other members//    line, ancestry//  --a family of ancient lineage//


Words: lineal
Meaning:
adj    formal related directly to someone who lived a long time before you//  --lineal descendants//


Words: lineament
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]  formal   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: lineamentum, from  linea;   LINE1]//\n  1 a feature of your face:\n  2 a typical quality:


Words: linear
Meaning:
adj \n  1 consisting of lines, or in the form of a straight line:  --a linear diagram//\n  2 [only before noun] relating to length:  --linear measurements//\n  3 involving a series of connected events, ideas etc, that move or progress from one stage to the next:  --linear thinking//  -- linearly adv //  -- linearity/l[hA366]ni[zB024]r[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //    lateral thinking//


Words: lined
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a coat, skirt etc that is lined has a piece of thin material covering the inside:    lining//  --a fleece-lined jacket//\n  2 paper that is lined has straight lines printed or drawn across it:\n  3 skin that is lined has wrinkles on it:


Words: lineman
Meaning:
n   plural  linemen /-m[hA353]n/ [C]  AmE //\n  1 a player in American football who plays in the front line of a team:  offensive/defensive lineman //\n  2 someone whose job is to take care of railway lines or telephone wires:


Words: linen
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: ’made of flax’, from  lin  ’flax’]//\n  1 sheets, tablecloths etc:  --bed linen//  --table linen//\n  2 cloth made from the flax plant, used to make high quality clothes, home decorations etc:  --a linen jacket//\n  3  old use underwear:    wash your dirty laundry/linen at dirty1 (7)//


Words: linen cupboard
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a cupboard in which sheets, towels etc are kept//  American Equivalent:  linen closet//


Words: liner
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] a piece of material used inside something, especially in order to keep it clean:  --a dustbin liner//  --nappy liners//\n  2 [C] a large ship for passengers:  --an ocean liner //\n  3 [U and C]  informal  eyeliner:


Words: liner note
Meaning:
n [usually plural]   printed information about the music or musicians that comes with a CD or record//


Words: linesman
Meaning:
n   plural  linesmen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //  an official in a sport who decides when a ball has gone out of the playing area//


Words: linger
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: leng  ’to lengthen, delay’ (11-16 centuries), from  Old English lengan]//\n  1  also linger on :  to continue to exist, be noticeable etc for longer than is usual or desirable//  --a taste that lingers in your mouth//  --Unfortunately the tax will linger on until April.//\n  2  also linger on :  to stay somewhere a little longer, especially because you do not want to leave//  linger over//  --They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus.//  --I spent a week at Kandersteg and could happily have lingered on.//\n  3 [always + adverb/preposition] to continue looking at or dealing with something for longer than is usual or desirable:  linger on/over//  --Mike let his eyes linger on her face.//  --There’s no need to linger over this stage of the interview.//\n  4  also linger on :  to continue to live although you are slowly dying//  --He surprised all the doctors by lingering on for several weeks.//


Words: lingering
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   continuing to exist for longer than usual or desirable//  lingering doubts/suspicions etc //  --Any lingering hopes of winning the title soon disappeared.//  --Mr Wilkins suffered a lingering death .//  lingering smell/aroma/odour //  --the lingering aroma of chocolate//  -- lingeringly adv //


Words: lingo
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]  informal   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Proven[hA168]al; Origin: lingo  ’tongue’ or  Portuguese lingoa, both from  Latin lingua]//\n  1 a language, especially a foreign one:  --I’d like to go to Greece, but I don’t speak the lingo .//\n  2 words or expressions used only by a particular group of people, or at a particular period of time:  --academic lingo//


Words: lingua franca
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: ’tongue of the Franks’]//  a language used between people whose main languages are different//  --English is the lingua franca in many countries.//


Words: linguini
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Italian; Origin: ’little tongues’]//  long thin flat pieces of pasta//


Words: linguist
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: lingua;   LINGUAL]//\n  1 someone who is good at foreign languages, especially someone who speaks several:\n  2 someone who studies or teaches linguistics:


Words: linguistic
Meaning:
W3   adj   related to language, words, or linguistics//  --a child’s linguistic development//  -- linguistically/-kli/ adv //


Words: linguistics
Meaning:
n [U]   the study of language in general and of particular languages, their structure, grammar, and history//    philology//


Words: liniment
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: linimentum, from  Latin linere  ’to spread over a surface’]//  a liquid containing oil that you rub on your skin when you feel sore or stiff//


Words: lining
Meaning:
n [U and C]   heel, upper, toe, lace, lining, sole//\n  1 a piece of material that covers the inside of something, especially a piece of clothing:    lined//  --a jacket with a silk lining//    every cloud has a silver lining at cloud1 (6)//\n  2 a substance or material that covers the inside of part of the body:  --the lining of the womb//


Words: Link
Meaning:
trademark   in the UK, a system by which people can get money from their bank or  building society accounts by using a special plastic card (a Link card) in a  cash machine//


Words: link
Meaning:
W2   v   ----------//\n   1 be linked:\n   2 make connection:\n   3 join:\n   4 show connection:\n   5 make something depend on something:\n   6 :  Phrasal verbs//   link in//   link up//  ----------//\n  1  be linked:  if two things are linked, they are related in some way//  --Police think the murders are linked.//  be linked to/with sth//  --Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy.//  be closely/directly/strongly etc linked //  --Our economy is inextricably linked with America’s.//\n  2 MAKE CONNECTION:   [T] to make a connection between two or more things or people//  --A love of nature links the two poets.//  link sth/sb to/with sth//  --Exactly how do we link words to objects?//  link sb/sth together//  --Strong family ties still linked them together.//\n  3 JOIN:   [T] to physically join two or more things, people, or places//   connect//  link sth/sb to/with sth//  --The pipe must be linked to the cold water supply.//  link sb/sth together//  --The climbers were linked together by ropes.//  link sth and sth//  --A long bridge links Venice and the mainland.//  --He walked with her, linking arms  (=putting his arm around her arm) .//\n  4 SHOW CONNECTION:   [T] to show or say that there is a connection between two people, situations, or things//  link sth/sb to/with sth//  --He denied reports linking him to Colombian drug dealers.//\n  5 MAKE SOMETHING DEPEND ON SOMETHING:   [T] to make one thing or situation depend on another thing or situation//  link sth to sth//  --Pay increases will now be linked to performance.//    index-linked//\n  6  also link up :   [T] to connect computers, broadcast systems etc, so that electronic messages can be sent between them//  link sth to/with sth//  --Local terminals are linked to the central computer.//  link in phr v//\n  1 to connect with another idea, statement, type of work etc, especially in a way that is useful:   tie in//  link in with//  --This point links in with our earlier discussion.//\n  2 to happen at the same time as something else:   tie in//  link in with//  --Hawk’s visit was scheduled to link in with the meeting in Harare.//  link up phr v//\n  1 to connect with something or to make a connection between things, especially so that they can work together:  link up with//  --The train links up with the ferry at Dover.//  link sth → up (with sth)//  --The next stage is to link the film up with the soundtrack.//\n  2 to connect computers, broadcast systems etc so that electronic messages can be sent between them:  link sth → up (to/with sth)//  --All these PCs are linked up to the network.//  --The Internet allows people from all over the world to link up for chat sessions.//\n  3 to join with someone so that you can do something together:  link up with//  --We linked up with the Daily Express to help run the campaign.//    linkup//\nlink 2 W2S3 n [C]   [Sense: 1-6, 8; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: hlekkr]//  [Sense: 7; Date: 1700-1800; Origin: links  ’rising ground, sand hills’ (11-19 centuries), from  Old English hlincas]//\n  1 a way in which two things or ideas are related to each other:  links between sth (and sth)//  --the link between drug use and crime//  --There are a number of links between the two theories.//\n  2 a relationship or connection between two or more people, countries, organizations etc:  link between//  --the close link between teacher and student//  link with//  --The company has strong links with big investors.//  forge/establish links //  --Organizers of the project hope that international links will be forged.//\n  3 a person or thing that makes possible a relationship or connection with someone or something else:  link with//  --For elderly people, TV is a vital link with the outside world.//\n  4  rail/road/telephone etc link:  something that makes communication or travel between two places possible//  --The office has direct computer links to over 100 firms.//\n  5 one of the rings in a chain:\n  6  link in the chain:  one of the stages involved in a process//\n  7  the links:  a piece of ground near the sea where golf is played//   golf links//\n  8 a special word or picture in an Internet document that you click on to move quickly to another part of the same document or to another document:    hyperlink//  --Send an email to the above address to report a broken link (=a link that is not working properly) .//    cuff link,  missing link,  weak/weakest link at weak(15)//


Words: linkage
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U and C]  formal a link2(1):  linkage between//  --the linkage between wages and prices//\n  2 [U and C] a system of links or connections:\n  3 [singular, U] a condition in a political or business agreement, by which one country or company agrees to do something, only if the other promises to do something in return:


Words: linking verb
Meaning:
also link verb  n [C]   a verb that connects the subject of a sentence with its  complement, for example ’seem’ in the sentence ’the house seems big’//   copula//


Words: Linnaeus
Meaning:
Carolus   (1707-78) a Swedish  botanist (=a scientist who studies plants)  who invented the system, called the Linnaean System, by which plants and animals are put into groups according to their  genus (=general type)  and  species (=particular type) //


Words: linocut
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: linoleum +  cut]//\n  1 [U] the art of cutting a pattern on a block of linoleum:\n  2 [C] a picture printed from such a block:


Words: linoleum
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: linum  ’flax’ +  oleum  ’oil’]//  a floor covering made from strong shiny material//


Words: linseed
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lins[zB024]d, from  lin  ’flax’ (  LINEN) +  s[zB024]d  ’seed’]//  the seed of the flax plant//


Words: lint
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: linum  ’flax, linen’;   LINE1]//\n  1  especially AmE soft light pieces of thread or wool that come off cotton, wool, or other material:  British Equivalent:  fluff//\n  2  BrE soft cotton material used for protecting wounds:


Words: lintel
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin limitaris  ’of an edge or boundary’, from  limes;   LIMIT1]//  a piece of stone or wood across the top of a window or door, forming part of the frame//


Words: Linus
Meaning:
a character in a US  cartoon strip called  Peanuts. He is a boy who takes his  blanket (=a cover for a bed)  with him everywhere, because he would not feel happy or confident without it//


Words: Lion
Meaning:
the Witch and the Wardrobe, The   (1950) a children’s book by C. S. Lewis, in which four children enter the imaginary land of  Narnia by walking through a  wardrobe, and have many adventures there. It is the first of the series of books called  The Chronicles of Narnia.//


Words: lion
Meaning:
n [C]   mane//  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin leo, from  Greek leon]//\n  1 a large animal of the cat family that lives in Africa and parts of southern Asia. Lions have gold-coloured fur and the male has a mane (=long hair around its neck) :    lioness//\n  2  the lion’s share (of sth):  the largest part of something//  --The firm has captured the lion’s share of the UK market.//\n  3  the lion’s den:  if you go into the lion’s den, you go among people who are your enemies//


Words: Lions Club
Meaning:
an international organization whose members work together to help their local areas by doing  charity work//


Words: lip
Meaning:
W2   n   [Language: Old English; Origin: lippa]//\n  1 [C] one of the two soft parts around your mouth where your skin is redder or darker:  upper/lower/top/bottom lip //  --His bottom lip was swollen.//  --She had big eyes and full lips  (=large and round lips) .//  --Matt opened the door with a smile on his lips .//  --Marty kissed me right on the lips !//  thin-lipped/thick-lipped/full-lipped (=having lips that are thin, or large and round) //  --Stephen pursed his lips with distaste (=brought them together tightly into a small circle) .//    tight-lipped//\n  2 [C] the edge of a hollow or deep place in the land:  lip of//  --the old road that ran along the lip of the gorge//\n  3 [C usually singular] the edge of something you use to hold or pour liquid:   rim//\n  4 [U]  informal talk that is not polite or respectful - used especially by adults to children:   cheek//  --Don’t give me any of your lip !//\n  5  my lips are sealed:   spoken used to say that you will not tell anyone about a secret//\n  6  on everyone’s lips:  being talked about by everyone//  --an actress whose name is on everyone’s lips//    bite your lip at bite1 (1)//    lick your lips at lick1 (5)//    not pass sb’s lips at pass1 (24)//    read sb’s lips at read1 (18)//    smack your lips at smack1 (3)//    a stiff upper lip at stiff1 (10)//


Words: lip service
Meaning:
n   pay lip service to sb/sth//  to say that you support or agree with something without doing anything to prove it//  --organizations that pay lip service to career development//


Words: lip-read
Meaning:
v [I and T]   to understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear them//  -- lip-reading n  [U] //


Words: lip-synch
Meaning:
v [I]   to move your lips at the same time as a recording is being played, in order to pretend that you are singing or saying the words//  -- lip synch n  [U] //


Words: lipid
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: lipide, from  Greek lipos  ’fat’]//   technical one of several types of fatty substances in living things, such as fat, oil, or wax//


Words: liposuction
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: lipos  ’fat’ +  English suction]//  a way of removing fat from someone’s body, using suction//


Words: lippy
Meaning:
n [U and C]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  LIP 2]//   lipstick//  --Wait a minute, I’ll just put a bit of lippy on.//\nlippy 2 adj  BrE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: lipstick]//  not showing respect in the way that you speak to someone//


Words: liquefy
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  liquified present participle  liquifying third person singular  liquifies  [I and T] //   formal to become liquid, or make something become liquid//


Words: liqueur
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Latin liquor;   LIQUOR]//  a sweet, very strong alcoholic drink, drunk in small quantities after a meal//    liquor//


Words: liquid
Meaning:
n   [U and C] a substance that is not a solid or a gas, for example water or milk//  --Add a little more liquid to the sauce.//    washing-up liquid//\nliquid 2 adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: liquide, from  Latin liquidus, from  liquere  ’to flow as a liquid’]//\n  1 in the form of a liquid instead of a gas or solid:  --Children take antibiotics in liquid form .//  --liquid soap//\n  2  technical easily changed into money by being sold or exchanged:  --Their shares are more liquid than those of many smaller companies.//    liquid assets//\n  3  liquid refreshment:  drink, especially alcoholic drink - used humorously//\n  4  literary clear and shiny, like water:  --liquid green eyes//\n  5  literary liquid sounds are clear and pure:


Words: liquid assets
Meaning:
n [plural]    technical the money that a company or person has, and the property they can exchange for money//


Words: liquidate
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Late Latin; Origin: , past participle of  liquidare  ’to melt’, from  Latin liquidus;   LIQUID2]//\n  1 [I and T] to close a business or company and sell the things that belong to it, in order to pay its debts:\n  2 [T]  technical to pay a debt:  --The stock was sold to liquidate the loan.//\n  3 [T]  informal to kill someone or destroy something that is causing a problem:


Words: liquidation
Meaning:
n [U and C] \n  1 the act of closing a company by selling the things that belong to it, in order to pay its debts:  --Hundreds of small businesses went into liquidation  (=were closed) .//\n  2 the act of paying a debt:


Words: liquidity
Meaning:
n [U]  technical \n  1 when a business or a person has money or goods that can be sold to pay debts:\n  2 the state of being liquid:


Words: liquidizer
Meaning:
also  liquidiser BrE   n [C]    BrE a small electric machine that makes solid foods into liquids//   blender//


Words: liquor
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: licour, from  Latin liquor, from  liquere;   LIQUID2]//\n  1  especially AmE a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky:   spirit//    liqueur//\n  2  BrE  technical any alcoholic drink:


Words: liquorice
Meaning:
BrE  licorice AmE   n [U] \n  1 a black substance produced from the root of a plant, used in medicine and sweets:  2 sweets made from this substance//


Words: lira
Meaning:
n   plural  lire /-re[hA366]/ or  liras  [C] //  [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: Latin libra, a unit of weight]//  the standard unit of money in Malta and Turkey, and used in Italy before the euro//


Words: lisp
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Language: Old English; Origin: wlyspian]//  a fault in the way someone speaks which makes them pronounce ’s’ sounds as ’th’//  --She speaks with a slight lisp.//  -- lisp v  [I and T] //


Words: lissom
Meaning:
lissome/l[hA366]s[hA368]m/ adj  literary   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: lithesome  ’lissom’ (18-20 centuries), from  lithe +  -some]//  a body that is lissom is thin and graceful//   lithe//


Words: list
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: liste, from  Italian lista]//\n  1 a set of things, names, numbers etc usually written one below the other, for example so that you can remember or check them:  list of//  --a list of activities planned for Saturday//  -- Make a list of all the things you have to do.//  --The first person  on my  list  is Mrs Gilling.//  --a long list of words to learn//  --Do you have an up-to-date price list ?//  --Mr Jones has been on the  waiting list for an operation for 6 months.//\n  2  be high/low on a list (of sth):   also be at the top/bottom of a list //  to be considered very important or not very important//  --A good car is high on my list of priorities.//    civil list,  be on the danger list at danger(5),  hit list,  mailing list,  short list,  waiting list//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  make/draw up/write a list //  compile a list formal (=make a list) //  top a list (=be the most important thing or person on a list) //  on a list //  a long/short list //  price list //  shopping list  (=a list of things you want to buy) //  grocery list American English (=a list of food you need to buy) //  wine list  (=a list of wines available in a restaurant) //  waiting list  (=a list of people who are waiting for something) //  mailing list  (=a list of people that a company sends information to) //  check list  (=a list of things you need to check) //  guest list  (=a list of people invited somewhere) //  ----------//\nlist 2 W3S2 v   [Sense: 1-2; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  LIST1]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Origin unknown.]//\n  1 [T] to write a list, or mention things one after the other:  --The guidebook lists 1000 hotels and restaurants.//\n  2 [T] to put someone on an official list, especially a hospital or court list:  list sb in fair/stable etc condition //  --Several passengers were listed in critical condition.//  --The case was listed for trial in the Crown Court.//\n  3 [I] if a ship lists, it leans to one side:


Words: listed
Meaning:
adj  BrE \n  1 a listed building is one of historical interest in Britain, and is protected by a government order:\n  2 a listed company is one which offers its shares for sale on the stock exchange:   public company//  American Equivalent:  public corporation//


Words: listen
Meaning:
v [I]   [Language: Old English; Origin: hlysnan]//\n  1 to pay attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you can hear:  --Listen! There’s a strange noise in the engine.//  listen to//  --We sat around listening to music.//  listen carefully/intently/hard etc //  --The whole class was listening attentively.//  --Liz stood still and listened hard (=very carefully) .//\n  2  spoken used to tell someone to pay attention to what you are going to say:  --Listen, I want you to come with me.//\n  3 to consider what someone says and accept their advice:  --I told him not to go, but he just wouldn’t listen.//  listen to//  --I wish I’d listened to Dad.//  --She refused to listen to reason  (=accept sensible advice) .//  listen for [listen for sth] phr v//  to listen carefully so that you will notice a particular sound//  --Listen for the moment when the music changes.//  listen in phr v//\n  1 to listen to a broadcast on the radio:  listen in to//  --I must remember to listen in to the news.//    tune in(1)//\n  2 to listen to someone’s conversation when they do not want you to:  listen in on//  --It sounded like someone was listening in on us.//  listen out phr v//  to listen carefully so that you will notice a particular sound//  listen out for//  --Listen out for the baby in case she wakes up.//  listen up phr v//  used to get people’s attention so they can hear what you are going to say//  --Hey everybody, listen up!//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  listen is never followed directly by a noun. It must be followed by to and then a noun or a clause: Listen to what I say (NOT listen what I say). //  ----------//\nlisten 2 n   a listen//   BrE  informal an act of listening//  -- Have a listen to this new album!//


Words: listener
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who listens to the radio:    viewer//  --a new programme for younger listeners//\n  2  a good/sympathetic listener:  someone who listens carefully and sympathetically to other people//


Words: listening device
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of equipment that allows you to listen secretly to other people’s conversations//   bug//


Words: Lister
Meaning:
Joseph   (1827-1912) a British  surgeon (=a doctor who does operations on the body)  who was the first person to use  antiseptics (=chemicals that prevent wounds from becoming infected)  during operations//


Words: listing
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] an official or public list:  listing of//  --a listing of all households in the district//\n  2  listings [plural] lists of films, plays, and other events, with the times and places at which they will happen:\n  3 [C] if a company has a listing on the stock exchange, it can offer its shares for sale:


Words: listless
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: list  ’pleasure, desire’ (13-19 centuries) (from  Old English lystan  ’to please, wish’) +  -less]//  feeling tired and not interested in things//  --The heat was making me listless.//  -- listlessly adv //  -- listlessness n  [U] //


Words: listserv
Meaning:
n [C]   a computer program that allows a group of people to send and receive e-mail from each other about a particular subject//


Words: Liszt
Meaning:
Franz   (1811-86) a Hungarian  composer and  pianist who many people considered to be the greatest pianist of the 19th century. He is famous especially for writing piano music in the  romantic style.//


Words: litany
Meaning:
n   plural  litanies  [C] //  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: letanie, from  Late Latin litania, from  Greek litanos  ’asking urgently, praying’]//\n  1 a long list of problems, excuses etc - used to show disapproval:  litany of//  --an endless litany of complaints//\n  2 a long prayer in the Christian church in which the priest says a sentence and the people reply:


Words: lite
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  LIGHT2]//   especially AmE used in the names of some food or drink products to mean that they have fewer calories or less fat than other similar products//  --lite beer//


Words: liter
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: litre, from  Medieval Latin litra, a measure, from  Greek, a weight]//  the American spelling of litre//


Words: literacy
Meaning:
n [U]   the state of being able to read and write//  → illiteracy//    numeracy//  --a new adult literacy campaign//    computer literacy//


Words: literal
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: Medieval Latin literalis, from  Latin littera;   LETTER1]//\n  1 the literal meaning of a word or expression is its basic or original meaning:    figurative//  literal meaning/sense/interpretation etc //  --A trade war is not a war in the literal sense.//\n  2  literal translation:  a translation that translates each word exactly instead of giving the general meaning in a more natural way//  → free//\n  3  literal-minded:  not showing much imagination//  -- literalness n  [U] //


Words: literally
Meaning:
S2   adv \n  1 according to the most basic or original meaning of a word or expression:  --The name of the cheese is Dolcelatte, literally meaning ’sweet milk’.//  --I said I felt like quitting, but I didn’t mean it literally  (=I did not mean exactly what I said) !//\n  2  take sb/sth literally:  to believe exactly what someone or something says rather than trying to understand their general meaning//  --She takes the Bible literally.//\n  3 used to emphasize that something, especially a large number, is actually true:  --The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people.//\n  4  spoken used to emphasize a strong expression or word that is not being used in its real or original meaning. Some people consider this use to be incorrect.:  --Dad was literally blazing with anger.//


Words: literary
Meaning:
W2   adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: litterarius, from  littera;   LETTER1]//\n  1 relating to literature:  --a literary prize//  -- literary criticism  (=the study of the methods used in writing literature) //\n  2 typical of the style of writing used in literature rather than in ordinary writing and talking:  --a literary style of writing//\n  3 liking literature very much, and studying or producing it:  --a literary woman//


Words: literate
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: litteratus, from  littera;   LETTER1]//\n  1 able to read and write:  → illiterate//    numerate//\n  2  computer literate/musically literate etc:  able to use computers, understand and play music etc//\n  3 well educated:


Words: literati
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Early  Italian litterati, from  Latin litteratus;   LITERATE]//  the literati//   formal a small group of people in a society who know a lot about literature//


Words: literature
Meaning:
W2   n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin litteratura, from  litteratus;   LITERATE]//\n  1 books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good:  --He has read many of the major works of literature .//  --Italian literature//\n  2 all the books, articles, etc on a particular subject:  literature on//  --literature on the history of science//  in the literature//  --Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.//\n  3 printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something:  --sales literature//


Words: lithe
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: ’gentle’]//  having a body that moves easily and gracefully//  --the strong lithe bodies of gymnasts//  -- lithely adv //


Words: lithium
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: lithos  ’stone’]//  a soft silver-white metal that is the lightest known metal, is used in  batteries, and is often combined with other metals. It is a chemical element: symbol Li//


Words: lithography
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: lithographie, from  Greek lithos  ’stone’ +  -graphia  ’writing’]//  a method of printing in which a pattern is cut into stone or metal so that ink sticks to some parts of it and not others//  -- lithographic/l[hA366][hA35F][hA353]gr[zB024]f[hA366]k[hA36B]/ adj //


Words: Lithuania
Meaning:
a country in northeast Europe on the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Poland, which used to be part of the former  Soviet Union. Population: 3,611,000 (2001). Capital: Vilnius.//  -- Lithuanian n  adj //


Words: litigant
Meaning:
n [C]    law someone who is making a claim against someone or defending themselves against a claim in a court of law//


Words: litigate
Meaning:
v [I and T]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  litigare, from  lis  ’law case’ +  agere  ’to drive’]//   law to take a claim or complaint against someone to a court of law//


Words: litigation
Meaning:
n [U]    law the process of taking claims to a court of law//  --The threat of litigation can be a deciding factor in some business decisions.//


Words: litigious
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: litigieux, from  Latin litigiosus, from  litigare;   LITIGATE]//  very willing to take disagreements to a court of law - often used to show disapproval//  --a litigious society//  -- litigiousness n  [U] //


Words: litmus
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: litmosi, from  litr  ’coloring substance’ +  mosi  ’moss’]//  a chemical that turns red when it touches acid, and blue when it touches an alkali//


Words: litmus test
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 one detail that is examined in order to help you make a decision about how suitable or acceptable someone or something is:  litmus test of/for//  --The mayoral election is regarded as the litmus test for the integrity of the electoral process.//\n  2 a test using litmus paper:


Words: litre
Meaning:
BrE  liter AmE   n \n  1 [C]  written abbreviation l :  the basic unit for measuring liquid in the metric system//  litre of//  --a litre of water//  litre bottle/drum/container etc //  --a litre bottle of wine//\n  2  2.6/3.5 etc litre engine:  a measurement that shows the size and power of a vehicle’s engine//    cc//  --the Ford’s 2.8 litre engine//


Words: litter
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 waste:\n   2 baby animals:\n   3 for cat’s toilet:\n   4 forest:\n   5 a litter of something:\n   6 for animal’s bed:\n   7 bed:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: litiere, from  lit  ’bed’]//\n  1 WASTE:   [U] waste paper, cans etc that people have thrown away and left on the ground in a public place//   rubbish, trash, garbage//  --People who drop litter can be fined in some cities.//  --a town with a litter problem//\n  2 BABY ANIMALS:   [C] a group of baby animals that a mother gives birth to at the same time//  litter of//  --a litter of kittens//\n  3 FOR CAT’S TOILET:   [U] small grains of a dry substance that is put in a container that a cat uses as a toilet indoors//  --cat litter//  --a litter tray//\n  4 FOREST:   [U] leaf litter //  dead leaves and other decaying plants on the ground in a forest//\n  5  a litter of sth:   literary a group of things that look very untidy//  --A litter of notes, papers, and textbooks were strewn on the desk.//\n  6 FOR ANIMAL’S BED:   [U] a substance such as straw that a farm animal sleeps on//\n  7 BED:   [C] a chair or bed for carrying important people, used in past times//\nlitter 2 v \n  1  also litter up :   [T] if things litter an area, there are a lot of them in that place, scattered in an untidy way//  --Clothes littered the floor.//  litter sth with sth//  --The desk was littered with papers.//\n  2  be littered with sth:  if something is littered with things, there are a lot of those things in it//   be full of something//  --Recent business news has been littered with stories of companies failing.//\n  3 [I and T] to leave waste paper, cans etc on the ground in a public place:\n  4 [I]  technical if an animal such as a dog or cat litters, it gives birth to babies:


Words: litter bin
Meaning:
BrE  also litter basket  BrE n [C]   a container in a public place, for things people throw away, such as papers or cans//   rubbish bin, waste bin//  American Equivalent:  trash can//  American Equivalent:  garbage can//


Words: litterbug
Meaning:
n  also litter lout  BrE [C]  informal   someone who drops paper, cans etc on the ground in public places//


Words: little
Meaning:
adj   ----------//\n   1 size:\n   2 something you like or dislike:\n   3 a little bit:\n   4 time/distance:\n   5 young:\n   6 slight:\n   7 unimportant:\n   8 (just) that little bit better/easier etc:\n   9 the little woman:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lytel]//\n  1 SIZE:   [usually before noun] small in size//  --a little house//  --a cake decorated with little flowers//  --She was cutting the meat up into little bits.//  little tiny/tiny little  spoken  (=extremely small) //  --a little tiny puppy//  a little sth  informal  (=a small present, or a small amount of food) //  --I’d like to buy him a little something to thank him. see usage note  small1 //\n  2 SOMETHING YOU LIKE OR DISLIKE:   [only before noun] used between an adjective and a noun to emphasize that you like or dislike something or someone, although they are not important, impressive etc//  --It could be a nice little business.//  --a useful little gadget//  --It was another of her silly little jokes.//  --a boring little man//  poor little thing (=used to show sympathy) //  --The poor little thing had hurt its wing.//\n  3  a little bit:  a) a small amount of something//  a little bit of//  --With a little bit of luck we should finish by five o’clock.//  --I’m going to give you a little bit of advice.//  --Let me tell you a little bit about myself.//  b) slightly or to a small degree//  --I was a little bit disappointed.//\n  4 TIME/DISTANCE:   [only before noun] short in time or distance//  --You could have a little sleep in the car.//  --We walked a little way along this path.//  --He arrived a little while ago.//\n  5 YOUNG:  little children are young//  --We didn’t have toys like this when I was little.//  little boy/girl //  --two little boys playing in the street//  sb’s little boy/girl (=someone’s son or daughter who is still a child) //  --Mum, I’m 17 - I’m not your little girl any longer.//  sb’s little brother/sister (=a younger brother or sister who is still a child) //  --Her little brother and sister were fighting again.//\n  6 SLIGHT:   [only before noun] done in a way that is not very noticeable//  --a little smile//  --Nicolo gave a little nod of his head.//\n  7 UNIMPORTANT:   [only before noun] //  a) not important//  --She gets very angry over little things.//  --There isn’t time to discuss every little detail.//  b) not important - used when you really think that something is important//  --There’s just that little matter of the [hA124]5000 you owe me.//\n  8  (just) that little bit better/easier etc:  better, easier etc by a small amount that will have an important effect//  --Working fewer hours will make life just that little bit easier for me.//\n  9  the little woman:   old-fashioned someone’s wife - often used humorously but now considered offensive by many women//    a little bird told me at bird(4)//\nlittle 2 determiner, pron \n  1 only a small amount or hardly any of something:  --There’s little doubt in my mind that he’s guilty.//  --I paid little attention to what the others were saying.//  --Little is known about the causes of the problem.//  --Changes in the law have done little to improve the situation.//  little of//  --Little of their wealth now remains.//  --There’s very little money left.//  --Many of the students speak little or no English.//  --He knew little or nothing  (=almost nothing) about fixing cars.//  --My lawyer advised me to say as little as possible .//  --He did precious little  (=very little) to help.//  --The laboratory tests are of little real value. see usage note  few//\n  2  a little:  a small amount//  --Fortunately I had a little time to spare.//  --Susan speaks a little French.//  --A little over half the class can swim.//  --He walked on a little (=a short distance) and then turned back.//  a little more/less //  --Would you like a little more milk in your coffee?//  a little of//  --The city is regaining a little of its former splendour.//\n  3  as little as [hA124]5/3 months/10 feet etc:  used to emphasize how surprisingly small an amount is//  --Prices for his paintings start from as little as [hA124]100.//  --The weather can change completely in as little as half an hour.//\n  4  what little:   also the little (that) //  used to emphasize how small an amount there is, how small an amount is possible etc//  --We did what little we could to help.//  --I handed over what little money I had left.//\n  5  a little (of sth) goes a long way:   spoken used to say that only a small amount of something is needed or has a great effect//  --A little kindness goes a long way.//\nlittle 3 adv \n  1  a little:  slightly or to a small degree//   a bit//  --She trembled a little as she spoke.//  --He was a little surprised at her request.//  a little more/better/further etc //  --We’ll have to wait a little longer to see what happens.//\n  2 not much or only slightly:  --The town has changed little over the years.//  --The situation has improved very little .//  little known/understood etc (=not known about by many people) //  --a little known corner of the world//  little more/better etc (than sth) //  --His voice was little more than a whisper.//\n  3  little did sb know/realize/think etc:  used to say that someone did not know or think that something would happen or was true//  --Little did I know that the course of my life was about to change.//\n  4  little by little:  gradually//  --Little by little he became accepted by the family.//\n  5  more than a little/not a little:   literary extremely//  --Graham was more than a little frightened by what he had seen.//  BrE //  a group of stars//


Words: Little Bighorn
Meaning:
the Little Bighorn//  a river in the US state of Montana, where General  Custer fought against and was killed by Native Americans led by  Sitting Bull and  Crazy Horse in the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876//


Words: Little Bo Peep
Meaning:
also Bo Peep   a character in a  nursery rhyme (=old song or poem for young children) . She is a young girl who loses the sheep that she is supposed to be taking care of. The rhyme goes: Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep/And doesn’t know where to find them;/Leave them alone, and they’ll come home,/Bringing their tails behind them.//


Words: Little Boy Blue
Meaning:
a character in a  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for young children) . He is a young boy who is dressed in blue and goes to sleep instead of taking care of the cows and sheep. The rhyme goes: Little Boy Blue, come blow your horn,/The sheep’s in the meadow, the cow’s in the corn;/But where is the boy that looks after the sheep?/He’s under a haycock, fast asleep.//


Words: Little House on the Prairie
Meaning:
a book for children by the US writer Laura Ingalls  Wilder, which describes her life as a child in the Midwest in the 19th century, when her family were among the first white people to live there. It is also the name of a popular US television programme of the 1970s, which was based on Wilder’s books.//


Words: Little Jack Horner
Meaning:
a character from a  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for young children)  The rhyme goes: Little Jack Horner sat in a corner, /Eating his Christmas pie; /He put in his thumb, and pulled out a plum, /And said "What a good boy am I".//


Words: Little John
Meaning:
one of Robin Hood’s followers, in old English stories. He is called Little John as a joke because he is so big and strong.//


Words: Little Lord Fauntleroy
Meaning:
the main character in the 19th century children’s book  Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886) by Frances Hodgson  Burnett. He is an American boy who becomes an English lord when his father dies, and has long  blond curly hair, neat clothes, and behaves well and politely.//


Words: Little Mermaid
Meaning:
The   a  fairy tale by Hans Christian  Andersen in which a  mermaid (=a woman with a fish’s tail who lives in the sea)  changes her fish’s tail for legs, even though this is very painful, because she loves a human prince. But the prince marries a human princess instead, and the little mermaid dies.There is a statue of the Little Mermaid at the entrance to the  harbour in Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark.//


Words: Little Miss Muffet
Meaning:
a character from a  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for young children) . She is a young girl who is frightened by a  spider and runs away. The rhyme goes: Little Miss Muffet/Sat on a tuffet,/Eating her curds and whey;/There came a great spider,/Who sat down beside her,/And frightened Miss Muffet away.//


Words: Little Nell
Meaning:
a character in the book  The Old Curiosity Shop (1841) by Charles  Dickens. Many people think of the death of Little Nell as one of the saddest stories in English literature, although some people think it is so sad that it seems silly and emotional.//


Words: Little Orphan Annie
Meaning:
a character in the US  cartoon strip Little Orphan Annie. She is an  orphan (=a child whose parents have died)  who gets into a lot of trouble, especially when the man who takes care of her,  Daddy Warbucks, is away.//


Words: little people
Meaning:
n [plural] \n  1 all the people in a country or organization who have no power:  --It’s the little people who bear the brunt of taxation.//\n  2  the little people:  imaginary people with magic powers, especially Irish leprechauns//


Words: Little Red Book
Meaning:
The   a small book with a red cover, printed in China and containing many sayings from the speeches and writings of the Chinese leader mao zedong. It was read especially during the  Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s, and at public meetings large crowds of people used to wave their copies of the Little Red Book.//


Words: Little Red Riding Hood
Meaning:
also Red Ridinghood   a character in the old children’s story  Little Red Riding Hood, who is a young girl. In the story the  Big Bad Wolf eats Little Red Riding Hood’s grandmother and puts on her clothes. When Little Red Riding Hood goes to visit her grandmother she is surprised by her appearance and says, "Oh, Grandma, what big teeth you have!", and the wolf replies, "All the better to eat you with" and swallows Little Red Riding Hood. A  woodcutter (=someone whose job is to cut down trees)  kills the wolf, cuts open its stomach, and saves Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother.//


Words: Little Rock
Meaning:
the capital of the US state of Arkansas. In 1957 the US President had to send US government soldiers to a school, because the state governor was using Arkansas state soldiers to prevent nine black children from going to a school where all the children were white. //


Words: Little Women
Meaning:
(1868) a book for girls written by Louisa May  Alcott which describes the family life of four sisters in New England, whose names are Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy//


Words: littoral
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: litoralis, from  litus  ’sea coast’]//   technical an area near the coast//  -- littoral adj //


Words: liturgy
Meaning:
n   plural  liturgies //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Late Latin; Origin: liturgia, from  Greek leitourgia, from  leitos  ’public’ +  -ourgia  ’way of doing things’]//\n  1 [U and C] a way of praying in a religious service using a fixed order of words, prayers etc:\n  2  the Liturgy:  the written form of these services//


Words: live
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 in a place/home:\n   2 plant/animal:\n   3 at a particular time:\n   4 be/stay alive:\n   5 way of life:\n   6 earn a living:\n   7 exciting life:\n   8 imagine something:\n   9 be kept somewhere:\n  10 still exist/have influence:\n  11 living quarters:\n  12 living expenses:\n  13 living arrangements:\n  14 live it up:\n  15 live by your wits:\n  16 live a lie:\n  17 be living on borrowed time:\n  18 live in sin:\n  19 live and breathe something:\n  20 you live and learn:\n  21 live and let live:\n  22 you haven’t lived (if/until...):\n  23 somebody will live to regret it:\n  24 live to see/fight another day:\n  25 live life to the full:\n  26 live high on the hog:\n  27 live from hand to mouth:\n  28 long live the King/Queen! etc:\n  29 long live democracy/freedom etc:  Phrasal verbs//   live something → down//   live for something//   live in//   live off somebody/something//   live on//   live out//   live through something//   live together//   live up to something//   live with somebody/something//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: libban]//\n  1 IN A PLACE/HOME:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if you live in a place, you have your home there//  live in/at/near etc//  --They lived in Holland for ten years.//  --He lives just across the street from me.//  --We live only a few miles from the coast.//  --A rather odd family came to live next door to us.//  --As soon as I saw the place, I knew I didn’t want to live there .//  --Does Paul still live here ?//  --We’re still looking for somewhere to live .//  --They’ve finally found a place to live .//  live with//  --My grandmother came to live with us when I was ten.//  --Most seventeen-year-olds still live at home  (=live with their parents) .//  --I’m quite happy living alone .//  --The house has 3,600 square feet of living space  (=the areas of a house you live in) .//  --the number of young people living rough  (=living outside because they have no home)  BrE//\n  2 PLANT/ANIMAL:   [I always + adverb/preposition] a plant or animal that lives in a particular place grows there or has its home there//  live in/on etc//  --These particular birds live on only one island in the Pacific.//\n  3 AT A PARTICULAR TIME:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if you live at a particular time, you are alive then//  live before/in/at//  --He lived in the eighteenth century.//  --She lived at a time when women were not expected to work.//  --Gladstone lived during a period of great social change.//  the best/greatest etc that/who ever lived (=the best, greatest etc who has been alive at any time) //  --He’s probably the best journalist who ever lived.//\n  4 BE/STAY ALIVE:   [I] to be alive or be able to stay alive//  --Without light, plants couldn’t live.//  --He is extremely ill and not expected to live.//  --The baby only lived a few hours.//  --People on average are living much longer than before.//  --I’ll never forget this for as long as I live .//  live to (be) 80/90 etc/live to the age of 80/90 etc //  --My grandmother lived to 85.//  --She lived to the age of 79.//  have two weeks/six months etc to live //  --He knows he’s only got a few months to live.//  --He did not live to see  (=live long enough to see) the realization of his dream.//\n  5 WAY OF LIFE:   [I always + adverb/preposition, T] to have a particular type of life, or live in a particular way//  live in peace/poverty etc //  --The people in this country just want to live in peace.//  --People should not live in fear of crime.//  --We live in hope that a cure will be found.//  live peacefully/quietly/happily etc //  --The two communities live peacefully alongside each other.//  --She thought that she would get married and live happily ever after  (=like in a children’s story) .//  --Some people like to live dangerously.//  --Most elderly people prefer to live independently if they can.//  --They earn enough money to live well  (=have plenty of food, clothes etc) .//  --I just want to live my life in my own way.//  --He’s not well enough to live a normal life .//  live a quiet/active/healthy life //  --She lives a very busy life.//  --He had chosen to live the life of a monk.//  --She’s now in Hollywood living a life of luxury .//  live by//  --I have always tried to live by my faith (=according to my religion) .//  --We struggle on, living from day to day  (=trying to find enough money each day to buy food etc) .//  --He was tired of living out of a suitcase  (=spending a lot of time travelling) .//\n  6 EARN A LIVING:   [I] the way that someone lives is the way that they earn money to buy food etc//  --Fishing is the way their families have lived for generations.//  live by doing sth//  --They live by hunting and killing deer.//\n  7 EXCITING LIFE:   [I] to have an exciting life//  --She wanted to get out and live a little.//  --We’re beginning to live at last!//\n  8 IMAGINE SOMETHING:   [I always + adverb/preposition] to imagine that things are happening to you//  live in//  --He lives in a fantasy world.//  live through//  --She lived through her children’s lives.//  --You must stop living in the past  (=imagining that things from the past are still happening) .//\n  9 BE KEPT SOMEWHERE:   [I always + adverb/preposition]  BrE  informal the place where something lives is the place where it is kept//  --Where do these cups live?//  --Those big dishes live in the cupboard next to the fridge.//\n  10 STILL EXIST/HAVE INFLUENCE:   [I] if an idea lives, it continues to exist and influence people//  --Democracy still lives!//  --His name will live forever .//  --That day will always live in my memory .//\n  11  living quarters:  the part of a building where people live, especially a building that is used by many people or is used for several different purposes//  --the White House living quarters//\n  12  living expenses:  the money you need to spend in order to live, for example on food or a house//  --His tuition is paid, but he’ll work to cover his living expenses.//\n  13  living arrangements:  the way someone organizes how and where they will live//  --Her mother disapproved of the living arrangements, saying that two girls living with four boys was bound to cause problems.//\n  14  live it up:   informal to do things that you enjoy and spend a lot of money//  --Sam was living it up in London.//\n  15  live by your wits:  to get money by being clever or dishonest, and not by doing an ordinary job//\n  16  live a lie:  to pretend all the time that you feel or believe something when actually you do not feel that way//  --I knew that I could not continue to live a lie.//\n  17  be living on borrowed time:  to be still alive after the time that you were expected to die//  --She’s been living on borrowed time for the last year.//\n  18  live in sin:   old-fashioned if people live in sin, they live together and have a sexual relationship without being married//    live together//\n  19  live and breathe sth:  to enjoy doing something so much that you spend most of your time on it//  --Politics is the stuff I live and breathe.//\n  20  you live and learn:   spoken used to say that you have just learned something that you did not know before//\n  21  live and let live:  used to say that you should accept other people’s behaviour, even if it seems strange//\n  22  you haven’t lived (if/until...):   spoken used to say that someone’s life will be boring if they do not do a particular exciting thing//  --You haven’t lived until you’ve tasted champagne.//\n  23  sb will live to regret it:  used to say that someone will wish that they had not done something//  --If you marry him, you’ll live to regret it.//\n  24  live to see/fight another day:  to continue to live or work after a failure or after you have dealt with a difficult situation//  --Hopefully, the company will live to fight another day.//\n  25  live life to the full:  to enjoy doing a lot of different things//  --She believes in living life to the full.//\n  26  live high on the hog:  used to say that someone has a nice life because they have a lot of money and buy expensive things - often used to show disapproval//\n  27  live from hand to mouth:  to have only just enough money to buy food//  --We lived from hand to mouth, never knowing where the next meal was coming from.//\n  28  long live the King/Queen! etc:   spoken used as an expression of loyal support for a person//\n  29  long live democracy/freedom etc:  used to say that you hope something continues to exist for a long time//  --Long live free education!//  live down [live sth → down] phr v//  if someone does not live something down, people never forget about it and never stop laughing at them for it//  --She’ll never live that down!//  live for [live for sth] phr v//  if you live for something, it is the thing that you enjoy or hope for most in your life//  --He lived for his art.//  --She had nothing left to live for.//  --She lives for the day when she can have a house of her own.//  live in phr v//  if someone lives in, they live in the place where they work//    live-in//  --Sometimes it can be easier if you have a nanny who lives in.//  live off / [live off sb/sth] phr v//  to get your income or food from a supply of money or from another person//  --Mom used to live off the interest from her savings.//  --Dad lost his job and we had to live off welfare.//  --Most people in the countryside live off the land  (=live by growing or finding their own food) .//  live on phr v//\n  1 if something lives on, it continues to exist:  --Alice’s memory will live on.//\n  2  live on sth:  to have a particular amount of money to buy food and other necessary things//  --I don’t know how they manage to live on [hA124]55 a week.//  --the number of families who live on benefits//\n  3  live on sth:  to eat a lot of a particular type of food//  --They live on bread and potatoes.//  --He practically lives on fish and chips!//  live out phr v//\n  1  BrE if someone lives out, they do not live in the place where they work:  --Most home helps prefer to live out.//\n  2  live out sth:  to experience or do something that you have planned or hoped for//   fulfil, realize//  --The money enabled them to live out their dreams.//\n  3  live out your life:  to continue to live in a particular way or place until you die//  --He lived out his life in solitude.//  live through [live through sth] phr v//  to experience difficult or dangerous conditions//   endure//  --the generation that lived through the Second World War//  --It was hard to describe the nightmare she had lived through.//  live together phr v//  if people live together, they live in the same house and have a sexual relationship but are not married//    live with//  --They lived together for two years before they got married.//  live up to [live up to sth] phr v//  if something or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc//  --The bank is insolvent and will be unable to live up to its obligations.//  --The film has certainly lived up to my expectations .//  live with / [live with sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to accept a difficult situation that is likely to continue for a long time:   put up with, tolerate//  --You have to learn to live with stress.//  --He has lived with his illness for most of his life.//\n  2 to live in the same house as someone and have a sexual relationship with them without being married:    live together//  --She’s living with her boyfriend now.//\n  3 if something lives with you, it stays in your mind:  --That episode has lived with me all my life.//\nlive 2 W3S3   adj   ----------//\n   1 living:\n   2 tv/radio:\n   3 music/theatre:\n   4 electricity:\n   5 bombs:\n   6 bullets:\n   7 issue:\n   8 live coals:\n   9 yoghurt:  ----------//  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: alive]//\n  1 LIVING:   [only before noun] not dead or artificial//   living//  → dead//  --experiments on live animals//  --Protesters want to stop the export of live sheep and cattle.//  --the number of live births per 1,000 population//  --We were so excited to see real live elephants.//\n  2 TV/RADIO:  a live television or radio programme is seen or heard on television or radio at the same time as it is actually happening//  → prerecorded//  --a live radio phone-in show//  --There will be live TV coverage of tonight’s big match.//\n  3 MUSIC/THEATRE:  a live performance is one in which the entertainer performs for people who are watching, rather than a film, record etc//  --A lot of the bars have live music .//  --The band will be giving a live concert performance next week.//  --We’ll be playing you a track from his new live album  (=album that was recorded from a live performance) .//  --It’s always different when you perform in front of a live audience  (=an audience watching a live performance) .//\n  4 ELECTRICITY:  a wire or piece of equipment that is live has electricity flowing through it//  --Be careful - those wires are live.//\n  5 BOMBS:  a live bomb still has the power to explode because it has not been used//  --They came across a field of live, unexploded mines.//\n  6 BULLETS:  live bullets are real ones that are made of metal and can kill people//  → blank//  --Troops fired live ammunition to disperse the crowd.//\n  7 ISSUE:  a live subject or problem is one that still interests or worries people//  --Drink-driving is still very much a live issue .//\n  8  live coals:  pieces of coal that are burning//  --She threw the paper onto the live coals.//\n  9 YOGHURT:  live yoghurt contains bacteria that are still alive//\nlive 3   adv \n  1 if something is broadcast live, it is broadcast on television or radio as it is actually happening:    prerecorded//  --The ceremony will be broadcast live on television.//  --The match will be shown live by the BBC.//\n  2 if people perform live, they perform in front of people who have come to watch, rather than for a film, record etc:  --I love their music, but I’ve never seen them perform live .//  --The band is playing live in Birmingham tonight.//  --Their latest CD was recorded live  (=recorded at a live performance) in New York.//\n  3  go live:  when a system or project goes live, people start to use it after it has been planned and discussed for a long time//  --Their new information retrieval system went live last month.//  --a new security project which will go live in October//


Words: Live Aid
Meaning:
two popular music concerts held in London and Philadephia on the same day in 1985, which were organized by the musician Bob  Geldof to collect money to help people dying of hunger in Ethiopia. Live Aid led to other similar events, such as  Comic Relief.//    Band Aid//


Words: live wire
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  informal someone who is very active and has a lot of energy:\n  2 a wire that has electricity passing through it:


Words: live-in
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 a live-in job is one in which you live with the family you work for:  --a live-in nanny//\n  2  live-in lover/boyfriend etc:  someone who lives with their sexual partner but is not married to them//


Words: liveable
Meaning:
especially BrE  livable especially AmE   adj \n  1 a situation that is liveable is satisfactory but not good:   bearable//  --Having the children had made his life more liveable.//\n  2 :  a)  also liveable in  BrE good enough to live in//   habitable//  --We need to do more to make the neighborhood more livable.//  b) nice to live in//  --It’s one of the most liveable cities in the US.//\n  3  a livable wage/salary:   AmE a salary that is enough for you to buy the things you need, such as food, a house etc//


Words: lived-in
Meaning:
adj \n  1 lived-in places or clothes look as though they have been used or worn a lot - use this to show approval:  a lived-in look/feel //  --The most fashionable jeans this winter have a lived-in look.//\n  2 someone who has a lived-in face looks fairly old and as though they have had a lot of interesting experiences:


Words: livelihood
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: lifelode  ’way of living’ (11-17 centuries), from  Old English, from  lif  ’life’ +  lad (  LODE) (influenced by  lively and  -hood)]//  the way you earn money in order to live//  a means/source of livelihood //  --Fishing is the main source of livelihood for many people in the area.//  --It’s difficult to earn a livelihood as an artist.//  --Bates says he will lose his livelihood if his driving licence is taken away.//


Words: livelong
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: lief  ’dear’ (11-19 centuries) (from  Old English leof) (influenced by   LIVE1) +  long]//  all the livelong day//   old-fashioned a phrase meaning ’all day’, used when this seems like a long time to you//


Words: lively
Meaning:
S3   adj   comparative  livelier superlative  liveliest //  ----------//\n   1 people:\n   2 place/situation:\n   3 music/movements:\n   4 discussion/description etc:\n   5 mind/thoughts:\n   6 colour:\n   7 taste:\n   8 Look lively!:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: liflic, from  lif;   LIFE]//\n  1 PEOPLE:  someone who is lively has a lot of energy and is very active//  --a lively child//\n  2 PLACE/SITUATION:  a place or situation that is lively is exciting because a lot of things are happening//  --The hotel is situated next to the lively bustling port.//  --the city’s lively nightlife//\n  3 MUSIC/MOVEMENTS:  lively movements or music are very quick and exciting//  --a lively Spanish dance//\n  4 DISCUSSION/DESCRIPTION ETC:  a lively discussion, description etc is very interesting and involves a lot of ideas//  --The book offers a lively account of her travels.//  --a lively debate on environmental issues//\n  5 MIND/THOUGHTS:  someone who has a lively mind is intelligent and interested in a lot of things//  --Even Paula has shown a lively interest in politics.//  --Charlie has a very lively imagination  (=he often invents stories, descriptions etc that are not true) .//\n  6 COLOUR:  very bright//  --a lively combination of colours//\n  7 TASTE:  something that has a lively taste has a strong but pleasant taste//  --The wine has a lively fruity flavour.//\n  8  Look lively!:   BrE spoken Step lively!  AmE  spoken used to tell someone to hurry//  -- liveliness n  [U] //


Words: liven
Meaning:
v   liven up phr v//  [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: life]//\n  1 to become more exciting, or to make an event become more exciting:  --The party really livened up when Mattie arrived.//  liven sth →up//  --Why don’t we invite Jane? That’ll liven things up!//\n  2  liven sth → up:  to make something look, taste etc more interesting//   brighten up//  --Why not liven up the room with some flowers?//\n  3 to become more interested or excited, or to make someone feel like this:  --After a few drinks she livened up a little.//


Words: liver
Meaning:
n   artery, brain, fatty, tissue, heart, kidney, intestine, intestine2, small, large, liver, lung, muscles, stomach, vein, throat//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lifer]//\n  1 [C] a large organ in your body that produces bile and cleans your blood:\n  2 [U and C] the liver of an animal, used as food:


Words: Liver Building
Meaning:
the Liver Building//  a well-known building in Liverpool, on the River Mersey. On it are two figures of the Liver Bird, an imaginary bird which is the symbol of Liverpool.//


Words: liveried
Meaning:
adj \n  1 wearing livery:  --a liveried servant//\n  2  BrE painted with the colours and designs that represent a company:  --liveried aircraft//


Words: Liverpool
Meaning:
a city in the northwest of England, on the River Mersey. Liverpool is still a big port, but it is much less important than it was in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Much of its industry has also closed down, so there is fairly high unemployment in the area. In the 1960s, Liverpool became famous and very fashionable as the place where the Beatles and several other bands started playing music. Football is very popular in Liverpool, and the city has two well-known teams, Liverpool and Everton.//


Words: livery
Meaning:
n   plural  liveries //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: livree  ’delivery’, from  livrer  ’to deliver’, from  Latin liberare;   LIBERATE]//\n  1 [U and C]  BrE the colours and designs used by a company on its property and vehicles:\n  2 [U and C] a special uniform worn by servants in past times:\n  3 [U] the business of keeping and taking care of horses, especially in past times:  --a livery stable//    liveried//


Words: livid
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: livide, from  Latin lividus, from  livere  ’to be blue’]//\n  1 extremely angry:   furious//  --She was absolutely livid that he had lied.//\n  2  formal a mark on your skin that is livid is dark blue and grey:  --livid bruises//\n  3  literary a face that is livid is very pale:


Words: living
Meaning:
adj \n  1 alive now:  → dead//  --He’s one of the greatest living composers.//  --The sun affects all living things  (=people, animals, and plants) .//  --a living language  (=one that people still use) //\n  2  living proof:  if someone is living proof of a particular fact, they are a good example of how true it is//  living proof (that)//  --I’m living proof that you don’t need a college degree to be successful.//  living proof of//  --the living proof of government economic incompetence//\n  3  in/within living memory:  during the time that anyone can remember//  --It was the worst storm in living memory.//\n  4  a living death:  a life that is so unpleasant that it seems better to be dead//\n  5  a living hell:  a very unpleasant situation that makes you suffer for a long time//  --These past few days have been a living hell.//\n  6  living legend:  someone who is famous for being extremely good at something, and who still does that activity//  --His music has made him a living legend.//    scare/frighten the (living) daylights out of sb at daylight(3),  beat/knock the (living) daylights out of sb/sth at daylight(4)//\nliving 2 S2 n \n  1 [C usually singular] the way that you earn money or the money that you earn:  --It’s not a great job, but it’s a living.//  --What do you do for a living?  (=what do you do as a job?) //  earn/make a living //  --It’s hard to make a decent living as a musician.//  scrape/scratch a living (=get just enough to eat or live) //\n  2  the living:  all the people who are alive as opposed to dead people//  → the dead//\n  3 [U] the way in which someone lives their life:  --the stresses of city living//\n  4 [C] the position or income of a parish priest:    cost of living,  standard of living//    in the land of the living at land1 (7)//


Words: living standard
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]   the level of comfort and the amount of money that people have//   standard of living//  --Living standards have improved over the last century.//  --rising living standards//  --There’s been a decline in the living standards of old people.//


Words: living wage
Meaning:
n [singular]   a salary that is high enough to allow you to buy the things that you need to live//  --jobs that don’t even pay a living wage//


Words: living will
Meaning:
n [C]   a document explaining what medical or legal decisions someone should make if you become so ill that you cannot make those decisions yourself//


Words: Livingstone
Meaning:
Dr David   (1813-73) a Scottish  missionary (=someone who goes to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity)  and  explorer of Africa. He was the first European to see the  Zambezi River and the  Victoria Falls. A  journalist called Henry Morton  Stanley, who did not know Livingstone, went to look for him. When they met he said, "Dr Livingstone, I presume". People sometimes say this as a joke when they meet someone.//


Words: Livy
Meaning:
(59 BC-AD 17) a Roman historian known for his very large history of Rome, which greatly influenced historical writing. His Latin name was Titus Livius.//


Words: Lizard
Meaning:
the Lizard//  an area of land going out into the sea in the southwest of England, which is the part of the UK that is furthest to the south//


Words: lizard
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: lesard, from  Latin lacerta]//  a type of reptile that has four legs and a long tail//


Words: ll.
Meaning:
ll  the abbreviation of lines , used in writing to refer to specific lines of a poem etc//  --ll. 24-35//


Words: llama
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Spanish; Origin: Quechua]//  a South American animal with thick hair like wool, and a long neck//


Words: Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch
Meaning:
also Llanfair PG   a small village on  Anglesey in North Wales, famous for being the place with the longest name in the UK//


Words: LLB
Meaning:
BrE  LL.B. AmE n [C]   [Language: Modern Latin; Origin: legum baccalaureus]//  Bachelor of Laws a first university degree in law//


Words: LLD
Meaning:
BrE  LL.D. AmE n [C]   [Language: Modern Latin; Origin: legum doctor]//  Doctor of Laws a doctorate in law//


Words: LLM
Meaning:
BrE  LL.M. AmE n [C]   [Language: Modern Latin; Origin: legum magister]//  Master of Laws a university degree in law that you can get after your first degree//


Words: Lloyd George
Meaning:
David   (1863-1945) a Liberal politician who was British Prime Minister from 1916 to 1922. He was against increasing the British Empire and in favour of political change. He introduced  pensions and National Insurance.//


Words: Lloyd Webber
Meaning:
Andrew   (1948- ) a British  composer, now officially called Lord Lloyd-Webber, who has written many very successful  musicals (=plays that use singing and dancing to tell a story) , including  Jesus Christ Superstar,  Evita, and  Cats. Some of his musicals were written with Tim  Rice.//


Words: Lloyd’s
Meaning:
also Lloyd’s of London   an organization based in London, which provides all types of insurance, including insurance for ships and aircraft. People with a lot of money can become members of Lloyd’s (who are called ’names’), and can make more money by sharing in its profits. But they can also lose a lot of money if Lloyd’s loses money.//


Words: Lloyd’s Register
Meaning:
also Lloyd’s Register of Ship[hA17B]ping   a list, produced every year, which puts all non-military ships into groups according to their type and size and gives other information about them//


Words: lo
Meaning:
interjection   [Language: Old English; Origin: la]//\n  1  old use used to tell someone to look at something that is surprising:\n  2  lo and behold:   spoken used before mentioning something surprising that happened - used humorously//  --We had just been talking about John when, lo and behold, he walked into the room.//


Words: load
Meaning:
W3S2   n [C]   ----------//\n   1 amount of something:\n   2 a load (of something):\n   3 a bus load/car load/truck load etc:\n   4 a load of crap/bull etc:\n   5 work:\n   6 worry:\n   7 washing:\n   8 get a load of somebody/something:\n   9 weight:\n  10 electricity:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lad  ’support, carrying’]//\n  1 AMOUNT OF SOMETHING:  a large quantity of something that is carried by a vehicle, person etc//  load of//  --a load of wood//  --The lorry had shed its load  (=the load had fallen off) .//  --The plane was carrying a full load of fuel.//\n  2  a load (of sth):  loads (of sth)  BrE  informal a lot of something//  --We got a load of complaints about the loud music.//  --Don’t worry, there’s loads of time//  loads to do/see/eat etc //  --There’s loads to see in Paris.//\n  3  a bus load/car load/truck load etc:  the largest amount of something that a vehicle can carry//  --a bus load of tourists//\n  4  a load of crap/bull etc:  a load of rubbish  BrE  spoken  not polite used to say that something is bad, untrue, or stupid//  --I thought the game was a load of crap.//\n  5 WORK:  the amount of work that a person or machine has to do//  --The computer couldn’t handle the load and crashed.//  a light/heavy load (=not much or a lot of work) //  --Hans has a heavy teaching load this semester.//  --My work load has doubled since Henry left.//  --They hired more staff in order to spread the load. //\n  6 WORRY:  a problem or worry that is difficult to deal with//  --When someone is depressed, the extra load of having financial problems can make the situation worse.//  --Knowing he was safe was a load off my mind  (=I felt less worried) .//  --Coping with ill health was a heavy load to bear.//\n  7 WASHING:  a quantity of clothes that are washed together in a washing machine//  --I’ve already done three loads of laundry this morning.//\n  8  get a load of sb/sth:   spoken used to tell someone to look at or listen to something that is surprising or funny//  --Get a load of this! Your stars say you are going to meet someone who’s rich.//\n  9 WEIGHT:  the amount of weight that something is supporting//  --a load-bearing wall//  --It increased the load on the wheels.//\n  10 ELECTRICITY:   technical an amount of electrical power that is being produced//\nload 2 v \n  1 [I and T]  also load up :  to put a large quantity of something into a vehicle or container//  → unload//  --Have you finished loading up?//  --It took an hour to load the van.//  --Will you help me load the dishwasher?//  load sth into/onto sth//  --Emma loaded all the groceries into the car.//  --He loaded the cups onto a tray.//  load sth with sth//  --She loaded up the car with camping gear.//\n  2 [T] to put a necessary part into something in order to make it work, for example bullets into a gun or film into a camera:  load sth with sth//  --Did you load it with 200 or 400 film?//  load sth into sth//  --Can you load the CD into the player, please?//\n  3 [I and T] to put a program into a computer, or to be put into a computer:  --The program takes a while to load.//  --To load the file, press the ’return’ key.//\n  4 [I]  also load up :  if a ship, aircraft etc loads, goods are put onto it//  --The first ship to load at the new port was the ’Secil Angola’.//  load with//  --The boat called at Lerwick to load up with fresh vegetables.//  load down [load sb/sth → down] phr v//\n  1 [usually passive] to give someone more work or problems than they can deal with:   weigh down//  be/feel loaded down with sth//  --Jane felt loaded down with money worries.//\n  2 to make someone carry too many things:   weigh down//  be loaded down with sth//  --I was loaded down with bags so I took a taxi.//  load up on [load up on sth] phr v//  to get a lot of something so that you are sure you will have enough//   stock up (on)//  --People were loading up on bottled water.//  load (up) with [load sb (up) with sth] phr v//  to give someone a lot of things, especially things they have to carry//


Words: loaded
Meaning:
adj   ----------//\n   1 gun/camera:\n   2 full:\n   3 rich:\n   4 loaded with something:\n   5 word/statement:\n   6 a loaded question:\n   7 drunk:\n   8 the dice/odds are loaded against somebody/something:\n   9 something is loaded against somebody/something:\n  10 loaded dice:  ----------//\n  1 GUN/CAMERA:  containing bullets, film etc//  --a loaded pistol//\n  2 FULL:  a loaded vehicle or container is full of things//  --a loaded trailer//  --She came back carrying a loaded tray.//  loaded with//  --a truck loaded with bananas//\n  3 RICH:   [not before noun]  informal very rich//  --Giles can afford it - he’s loaded.//\n  4  loaded with sth:   informal full of a particular quality, or containing a lot of something//  --snacks loaded with fat//  --paintings loaded with cultural significance//\n  5 WORD/STATEMENT:  a loaded word, statement etc has more meanings than you first think and is intended to influence the way you think//  --He `deserved’ it? That’s a loaded word.//  --There was a loaded silence.//\n  6  a loaded question:  a question that is unfair because it is intended to affect your opinions and make you answer in a particular way//    leading question at leading1 (4)//\n  7 DRUNK:   [not before noun]  AmE  informal very drunk//  --Greg used to come home loaded almost every night.//\n  8  the dice/odds are loaded against sb/sth:  used to say that someone or something is unlikely to succeed or win//\n  9  sth is loaded against sb/sth:  used to say that a system, situation, or organization is unfair and some people have a disadvantage//   biased//  --The justice system is loaded against people from ethnic minorities.//\n  10  loaded dice:   dice that have weights in them so that they always fall with the same side on top, used to cheat in games//


Words: loading bay
Meaning:
BrE loading dock  AmE n [C]   an area at the side of a large shop or warehouse from which goods are taken off or put onto trucks//


Words: loaf
Meaning:
n   plural  loaves /l[hA353][hA35E]vz $ lo[hA35E]vz///  [Language: Old English; Origin: hlaf]//\n  1 [C] bread that is shaped and baked in one piece and can be cut into slices:  --a loaf of bread //  white/wholemeal/granary etc loaf  BrE //  a sliced loaf  BrE //\n  2 [U and C] food that has been cut into very small pieces, pressed together, and baked:  --a meat loaf//\n  3  use your loaf:   BrE  old-fashioned used to tell someone to think more carefully about what they are doing//\nloaf 2 v [I]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  loafer]//   written to spend time somewhere and not do very much//   hang around/round//  loaf around/about//  --They spend all day loafing around on street corners.//


Words: loafer
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  German landl[hA165]ufer  ’homeless person who moves from place to place’, from  land  ’land’ +  l[hA165]ufer  ’runner’]//\n  1  Loafer:   trademark a flat leather shoe that does not need to be fastened onto your foot//\n  2 someone who is lazy and does nothing when they should be working:


Words: loam
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lam]//  good quality soil consisting of sand, clay, and decayed plants//  -- loamy adj //


Words: loan
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lan]//\n  1 [C] an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc:  loan of//  --a loan of [hA124]60,000//  --I had to take out a loan to buy my car.//  --It’ll be years before we’ve  paid off the loan .//  --The organization was allowed to make loans to private businesses.//  -- I’ll get a  bank loan  if necessary. //  -- The average  home loan  is now almost triple what it was at the beginning of the Eighties. //  -- An  interest-free loan  fund is available for students who find themselves in unforeseen financial difficulty. //  -- They were unable to keep up with their  loan repayments .//\n  2 [singular] when you lend something to someone:  loan of//  --Thanks for the loan of your camera.//\n  3  on loan (from sb/sth):  if something or someone is on loan, they have been borrowed//  --The book I wanted was out on loan.//  --paintings on loan from the Louvre//  --Cantona initially went on loan to Leeds United.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  take out a loan  (=borrow money) //  repay/pay off/pay back a loan  (=give back money you have borrowed) //  make a loan American English (=give someone a loan) //  bank loan  (=money lent by a bank) //  car/home loan  (=a loan to buy a car etc) //  personal loan  (=money lent to anindividual ) //  business loan  (=money lent to a business) //  student loan  (=money lent to students to pay for university) //  interest-free loan  (=a loan on which you only repay the amount you borrowed) //  loan repayment //  ----------//\nloan 2 v [T] \n  1  AmE to lend someone something, especially money:  loan sb sth//  --Can you loan me $5?//  --Jeff’s loaned us his car for the weekend.//\n  2  also loan out :   BrE to lend something valuable to someone//  --The National Library has loaned several manuscripts.//  loan sth to sb/sth//  --Two of the steam trains have been loaned to other railways.//


Words: loan shark
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who lends money at very high rates of interest and will often use threats or violence to get the money back//


Words: loath
Meaning:
loth/l[hA353][hA35E][hA35F] $ lo[hA35E][hA35F]/ adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: lath]//  be loath to do sth//   formal to be unwilling to do something//   reluctant//  --Sarah was loath to tell her mother what had happened.//


Words: loathe
Meaning:
v [T not in progressive]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lathian, from  lath;   LOATH]//  to hate someone or something very much//   detest//  --He loathes their politics.//  loathe doing sth//  --I absolutely loathe shopping.//


Words: loathing
Meaning:
n [singular, U]   a very strong feeling of hatred//  loathing for//  --her loathing for her first husband//  loathing of//  --a loathing of war//  --The nightmare left her with a sense of fear and loathing .//


Words: lob
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  lobbed present participle  lobbing  [T always + adverb/preposition] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  lob  ’loosely hanging object’ (16-19 centuries), from  Low German]//\n  1  informal to throw something somewhere, especially over a wall, fence etc:  --The kids were lobbing pine cones into the neighbor’s yard.//\n  2 to kick or hit a ball in a slow high curve, especially in a game of tennis or football:  --Sampras lobbed the ball high over Chang’s head.//  -- lob n  [C] //


Words: lobby
Meaning:
n   plural  lobbies  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: lobium  ’covered way for walking’]//\n  1 a wide passage or large hall just inside the entrance to a public building:   foyer//  --a hotel lobby//  --I’ll meet you in the entrance lobby.//\n  2 :  a) a hall in the British parliament where members of parliament and the public meet//  b) one of the two passages in the British parliament where members go to vote for or against a bill//\n  3 [also + plural verb British English] a group of people who try to persuade a government that a particular law or situation should be changed:  --the anti-foxhunting lobby//  --a powerful environmental lobby group//\n  4 an attempt to persuade a government to change a law, make a new law etc:  --a mass lobby of Parliament by women’s organizations//\nlobby 2   past tense and past participle  lobbied present participle  lobbying third person singular  lobbies  v [I and T] //  to try to persuade the government or someone with political power that a law or situation should be changed//  lobby for/against//  --The group is lobbying for a reduction in defence spending.//  lobby sb to do sth//  --We’ve been lobbying our state representative to support the new health plan.//  -- lobbyist n  [C] //


Words: lobe
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: lobus, from  Greek lobos]//\n  1 the soft piece of flesh at the bottom of your ear:   earlobe//\n  2  technical a round part of an organ in your body, especially in your brain or lungs:


Words: lobotomy
Meaning:
n   plural  lobotomies  [C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: lobe +  -tomy  ’cutting’ (from  Modern Latin -tomia, from  Greek temnein  ’to cut’)]//  a medical operation to remove part of someone’s brain in order to treat their mental problems//  -- lobotomize v  [T] //


Words: lobster
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: loppestre, probably from  Latin locusta  ’lobster’ (influenced by  Old English loppe  ’spider’)]//\n  1 [C] a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws:\n  2 [U] the flesh of a lobster, which is eaten:


Words: local
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin localis, from  Latin locus;   LOCUS]//\n  1 relating to the particular area you live in, or the area you are talking about:  --local hospital//  --local residents//\n  2  technical affecting or limited to one part of your body:  --a local infection//  --The tooth was removed under local anaesthetic .//\nlocal 2 S3 n [C] \n  1 [usually plural] someone who lives in the place where you are or the place that you are talking about:  --We asked one of the locals to recommend a restaurant.//\n  2  BrE a  pub near where you live, especially one where you often drink:  --I usually have a pint or two at my local on Friday nights.//\n  3  AmE a bus, train etc that stops at all regular stopping places:    express//\n  4  AmE a branch of a trade union:


Words: local authority
Meaning:
n [C also + plural verb ]  BrE   the group of people responsible for the government of a particular area, town, or city in the UK//  American Equivalent:  local government//  --Central government is trying to stop local authorities overspending.//


Words: local colour
Meaning:
BrE  local color AmE n [U]   additional details in a story or picture that give you a better idea of what a place is really like//  --His description of the smells from the market added a touch of local color.//


Words: local council
Meaning:
n [C also + plural verb British English]   the group of people responsible for providing houses, schools, parks etc in a small area such as a town//


Words: local government n [C
Meaning:
U also + plural verb  British English]   the government of cities, towns etc rather than of a whole country//    state, national, federal//


Words: local paper
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a newspaper that contains mainly local news:    national//\n  2  AmE a newspaper which contains local, national, and international news:


Words: local radio
Meaning:
n [U]   a radio service that broadcasts programmes for a particular area of the country//    national//


Words: local time
Meaning:
n [U]   the time of day in a particular part of the world//  --We’ll arrive in Boston at 4 o’clock local time.//


Words: locale
Meaning:
n [C]  formal   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: local (noun), from  local (adjective);   LOCAL1]//  the place where something happens or where the action takes place in a book or a film//   setting//  --people who see the countryside as a locale for recreation//


Words: locality
Meaning:
n   plural  localities  [C]  formal //  a small area of a country, city etc//   area//  --weather reports from several different localities//  in the locality//  --Both sea fishing and fresh water angling are available in the locality.//


Words: localize
Meaning:
also  localise BrE   v [T]  formal \n  1 to find out exactly where something is:  --A mechanic is trying to localize the fault.//\n  2 to limit the effect that something has, or the size of area it covers:  --They hoped to localize the fighting.//  -- localization/l[hA353][hA35E]k[hA353]la[hA366]ze[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n $ lo[hA35E]k[hA353]l[hA353]-/ n  [U] //


Words: localized
Meaning:
also  localised BrE   adj  formal   happening within a small area//  --localized flooding//  --a localized infection//


Words: locally
Meaning:
S2   adv \n  1 near the area where you are or the area you are talking about:  --I live locally, so it’s easy to get to the office.//\n  2 in particular small areas:  --Most of the country will be dry, but there will be some rain locally.//


Words: locate
Meaning:
W3S3   v   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  locare  ’to place’, from  locus;   LOCUS]//\n  1 [T] to find the exact position of something:  --We couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.//\n  2  be located in/near etc sth:  to be in a particular position or place//   be situated//  --The business is located right in the center of town.//\n  3 [T] to put or build something in a particular place:  --Large retail chains are usually only prepared to locate stores in areas of high population density.//\n  4 [I always + adverb/preposition]  AmE to come to a place and start a business, company etc there:  locate in/at etc//  --We are offering incentives for companies to locate in our city.//


Words: location
Meaning:
W2S3   n \n  1 [C] a particular place, especially in relation to other areas, buildings etc:  --His apartment is in a really good location.//  --its isolated geographical location //\n  2 [C] the position of something:  location of//  --The map shows the precise location of the crash. see usage note  position1 //\n  3 [U and C] a place away from a film studio where scenes are filmed:  --It was hard to find a suitable location for the desert scenes.//  on location//  --Most of the movie was shot on location in Africa.//\n  4 [U] the act of finding the position of something:  --The main problem for engineers was the location of underground rivers in the area.//


Words: loch
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Scottish Gaelic]//  a lake or a part of the sea partly enclosed by land in Scotland//  --Loch Ness//


Words: Loch Lomond
Meaning:
a lake in western Scotland near Glasgow, popular with tourists. There is a well-known old song about Loch Lomond.//


Words: Loch Ness Monster
Meaning:
the   a very large animal which is supposed to live in Loch Ness, a large very deep lake in northern Scotland. Although some people say that they have seen the monster, its existence has never been proved, and for most people it is just a story. It is often shown in pictures as a creature like a long black or green  dinosaur, and it is informally called Nessie.//


Words: lock
Meaning:
W3S2   v   ----------//\n   1 fasten something:\n   2 keep in a safe place:\n   3 fixed position:\n   4 fixed situation:\n   5 be locked in battle/combat/dispute etc:\n   6 lock arms:\n   7 lock horns (with somebody):  Phrasal verbs//   lock somebody/something → away//   lock in//   lock onto something//   lock somebody → out//   lock up//  ----------//\n  1 FASTEN SOMETHING:   [I and T] to fasten something, usually with a key, so that other people cannot open it. or to be fastened like this//  --Did you lock the car?//  --I can’t get this drawer to lock. see usage note  close1 //\n  2 KEEP IN A SAFE PLACE:   [T always + adverb/preposition] to put something in a place and fasten the door, lid etc with a key//  lock sth in sth//  --Lock the cat in the kitchen.//\n  3 FIXED POSITION:   [I and T] to become fixed in one position and impossible to move, or to make something become fixed//  --The wheels suddenly locked.//  lock sth around/round sth//  --He locked his hands around the younger man’s throat.//  --A moment later they were locked in an embrace  (=holding each other very tightly in a loving or friendly way) .//  --Their eyes locked together  (=they could not look away from each other) for an instant.//\n  4 FIXED SITUATION:   [T usually passive] if you are locked in a situation, you cannot get out of it//  be locked in/into sth//  --Security forces and militants are locked in a vicious cycle of killing.//  --The company is locked into a three year contract with PARCO.//\n  5  be locked in battle/combat/dispute etc:  to be involved in a long, serious argument or fight with someone//  --They are now locked in a bitter custody battle over the three children.//\n  6  lock arms:  if people lock arms, they join their arms tightly with the arms of the people on either side//  --The police locked arms to form a barrier against the protesters.//\n  7  lock horns (with sb):  to argue or fight with someone//  --The band have now locked horns with their record company over the album.//  -- lockable adj //  lock away [lock sb/sth → away] phr v//\n  1 to put something in a safe place and lock the door, lid etc:   lock up//  --He locked his money away in the safe.//\n  2 to put someone in prison:   lock up//  --I hope they lock him away for years.//\n  3  lock yourself away:  to keep yourself separate from other people by staying in your room, office etc//  lock in phr v//\n  1  lock sb in (sth):  to prevent someone from leaving a room or building by locking the door//  --She locked herself in.//  --They locked the director in his office.//\n  2  lock sth → in:  to do something so that a price, offer, agreement etc cannot be changed//  --Sell your stocks now to lock in some of the gains of recent months.//\n  3  lock sth → in:  to make the taste, liquid etc remain in something//  --This method of cooking locks in the flavour of the meat.//  lock onto [lock onto sth] phr v//  if a missile or satellite locks onto a target or signal, it finds it and follows it closely//  lock out [lock sb → out] phr v//\n  1 to keep someone out of a place by locking the door:  lock somebody → out of//  --I locked myself out of the house!//\n  2 if employers lock workers out, they do not let them enter their place of work until they accept the employers’ conditions for settling a disagreement:    lockout//  lock up phr v//\n  1 to make a building safe by locking the doors, especially at night:  --I’ll leave you to lock up.//  lock sth → up//  --Don’t forget to lock up the warehouse.//\n  2  lock sth → up:  to put something in a safe place and lock the door, lid etc//   lock away//\n  3  lock sb → up:  to put someone in prison//   lock away//  --Rapists should be locked up.//\n  4  be locked up (in sth):  if your money is locked up, you have put it into a business, investment etc and cannot easily move it or use it//\nlock 2 S2 n   ----------//\n   1 fastening:\n   2 under lock and key:\n   3 lock, stock, and barrel:\n   4 hair:\n   5 on a river etc:\n   6 in a fight:\n   7 vehicle:\n   8 rugby:\n   9 a lock on something:  ----------//  [Sense: 1-3, 5-9; Origin: Old English loc]//  [Sense: 4; Origin: Old English locc]//\n  1 FASTENING:   [C] a thing that keeps a door, drawer etc fastened and is usually opened with a key or by moving a small metal bar//  --I’m sorry, there isn’t a lock on the bathroom door.//  --The key turned stiffly in the lock.//  --a bike lock//\n  2  under lock and key:  a) kept safely in a box, cupboard etc that is locked//  --Dad keeps all his liquor under lock and key.//  b) kept in a place such as a prison//\n  3  lock, stock, and barrel:  including every part of something//  --He moved the whole company, lock, stock, and barrel, to Mexico.//\n  4 HAIR:  a)  [C] a small number of hairs on your head that grow and hang together//  lock of//  --He gently pushed a lock of hair from her eyes.//  b)  locks [plural]  literary someone’s hair//  --long flowing locks//\n  5 ON A RIVER ETC:   [C] a part of a canal or river that is closed off by gates so that the water level can be raised or lowered to move boats up or down a slope//\n  6 IN A FIGHT:   [C] a hold which wrestlers use to prevent their opponent from moving//  --a head lock//\n  7 VEHICLE:   [U and C]  BrE the degree to which a vehicle’s steering wheel can be turned in order to turn the vehicle//\n  8 RUGBY:   [C] a playing position in the game of rugby//\n  9  a lock on sth:   AmE complete control of something//  --Pro football still has a lock on male viewers aged 18 to 34.//    air lock,  combination lock//


Words: lock-up
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a small prison where a criminal can be kept for a short time:\n  2  also lock-up garage :   BrE a garage that you can rent to keep cars, goods etc in//


Words: Locke
Meaning:
John   (1632-1704) an English  philosopher who developed the idea of  empiricism in his  Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In his  Two Treatises on Civil Government he wrote that a king or government received the right to rule from the people and not from God, and that the people should be able to change their government if they were not satisfied with it. These ideas influenced the  Declaration of Independence in the US.//


Words: locker
Meaning:
n [C]   1 a small cupboard with a lock in a school, office, sports building etc, where you can leave clothes or possessions while you do something//\n  2  AmE a very cold room used for storing food in a restaurant or factory:  --a meat locker//


Words: locker room
Meaning:
n [C]   a room in a sports building, school etc where people change their clothes and leave them in lockers//


Words: Lockerbie
Meaning:
a town in southwest Scotland. Lockerbie became famous when a US plane, known as Pan Am Flight 103, crashed onto the town in 1988, killing 270 people. A Libyan man  called Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi, was found guilty of the killing and was   sentenced to life in prison.//


Words: locket
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: locquet, from  Middle Dutch loke  ’latch’]//  a piece of jewellery that you wear around your neck on a chain, with a small metal case in which you can put a picture, a piece of hair etc//


Words: lockout
Meaning:
n [C]   a situation when a company does not allow workers to go back to work, especially in a factory, until they accept the employers’ conditions//    lock out at lock1 //


Words: locomotion
Meaning:
n [U]  formal  or  technical   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: locus (  LOCUS) +  English motion]//  movement or the ability to move//


Words: locomotive
Meaning:
n [C]  especially AmE   a railway engine//\nlocomotive 2 adj [only before noun]  technical   relating to movement//  --an increase in locomotive power//


Words: locoweed
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: loco +  weed]//  a plant that grows in America and makes animals ill if they eat it//


Words: locum
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: locum tenens  ’someone who takes someone else’s place for a time’ C17- 21), from  Latin,  ’holding the place’]//  a doctor or priest who does another doctor’s or priest’s work while they are on holiday, ill etc//


Words: locus
Meaning:
n   plural  loci /l[hA353][hA35E]sa[hA366] $ lo[hA35E]-/ [C]  formal //  [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: ’place’]//  the place where something is particularly known to exist, or which is the centre of something//  locus of//  --The Politburo was the locus of all power in the Soviet Union.//


Words: locust
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: locusta  ’lobster or similar animal’]//  an insect that lives mainly in Asia and Africa and flies in a very large group, eating and destroying crops//  --a swarm of locusts//


Words: locution
Meaning:
n  technical   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: locutio, from  loqui  ’to speak’]//\n  1 [U] a style of speaking:\n  2 [C] a phrase, especially one used in a particular area or by a particular group of people:


Words: lode
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lad  ’course, support’]//  an amount of ore (=metal in its natural form)  found in a layer between stones//    mother lode//


Words: lodestar
Meaning:
n [singular]  literary \n  1 a principle or fact that guides someone’s actions:\n  2 the pole star, used to guide ships at sea:


Words: lodestone
Meaning:
loadstone/l[hA353][hA35E]dst[hA353][hA35E]n $ lo[hA35E]dsto[hA35E]n/ n [U and C]  old use   a piece of iron that acts as a magnet//


Words: lodge
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 lodge a complaint/protest/appeal etc:\n   2 become stuck:\n   3 put somebody somewhere:\n   4 put something somewhere:\n   5 stay somewhere:  ----------//\n  1  lodge a complaint/protest/appeal etc:   BrE to make a formal or official complaint, protest etc//  lodge a complaint/protest/appeal etc with//  --He lodged an appeal with the High Court.//  lodge a complaint/protest/appeal etc against//  --They lodged a complaint against the doctor for negligence.//\n  2 BECOME STUCK:   [I always + adverb/preposition, T usually passive] to become firmly stuck somewhere, or to make something become stuck//  → dislodge//  lodge in//  --The fishbone lodged in her throat.//  be lodged in/between/behind etc sth//  --The bullet was lodged in his spine.//\n  3 PUT SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE:   [T] to provide someone with a place to stay for a short time//  --a building used to lodge prisoners of war//  lodge sb in/at sth//  --The refugees were lodged in old army barracks.//\n  4 PUT SOMETHING SOMEWHERE:   [T]  BrE  formal to put something important in an official place so that it is safe//  lodge sth with sb//  --Be sure to lodge a copy of the contract with your solicitor.//  lodge sth in sth//  --The money was lodged in a Swiss bank account.//\n  5 STAY SOMEWHERE:   [I always + adverb/preposition]  old-fashioned to pay to live in a room in someone’s house//  lodge at/with etc//  --John lodged with a family in Bristol when he first started work.//\nlodge 2 n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: loge  ’small building’]//\n  1 a small house on the land of a large country house, usually at the main entrance gate:\n  2 a room or small building at the entrance to a college, institution etc for someone whose job is to watch who enters and leaves:  --the porter’s lodge//\n  3 a house or hotel in the country or mountains where people can stay when they want to go hunting, shooting etc:\n  4 a local meeting place for some organizations, or the group of people who belong to one of these organizations:  --He was a member of a Masonic lodge.//\n  5 a beaver’s home:\n  6  AmE a traditional home of Native Americans, or the group of people that live in it:


Words: lodger
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who pays rent for a room in someone’s house//  American Equivalent:  boarder//  --We have decided to take in lodgers to help pay the mortgage.//


Words: lodging
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] a place to stay:  --It’s [hA124]90 a week for board and lodging  (=meals and a room) .//\n  2 [C usually plural]  old-fashioned a room in someone’s house which you live in and pay rent for:  --Paul found lodgings in the Marylebone Road.//


Words: lodging house
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  old-fashioned   a building where people can rent rooms to live or stay in//   boarding house//


Words: loft
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 under a roof:\n   2 on a farm:\n   3 part of a room:\n   4 type of apartment:\n   5 for birds:\n   6 in a church:  ----------//  [Date: 900-1000; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lopt  ’air, upstairs room’]//\n  1 UNDER A ROOF:   BrE a room or space under the roof of a building, usually used for storing things in//   attic//  --Our neighbours have just done a loft conversion  (=changed the loft into bedrooms) .//\n  2 ON A FARM:  a raised area in a barn used for keeping hay or other crops//  --a hayloft//\n  3 PART OF A ROOM:   AmE a raised area above the main part of a room, usually used for sleeping//\n  4 TYPE OF APARTMENT:  a space above a business, factory etc that was once used for storing goods, but has been changed into living space//  --She’s just bought a loft in Manhattan.//\n  5 FOR BIRDS:  a set of cages used to keep pigeons in//\n  6 IN A CHURCH:  the raised place in a church where the organ or choir is//\nloft 2 v [T]   to hit a ball very high in golf or cricket//


Words: lofty
Meaning:
adj \n  1  literary lofty mountains, buildings etc are very high and impressive:  --He stayed at the ISH, from whose lofty heights he could see across New York.//\n  2 lofty ideas, beliefs, attitudes etc show high standards or high moral qualities - use this to show approval:  --lofty ideals of equality and social justice//  --He had set himself the lofty goal of reaching the world’s top five.//\n  3 seeming to think you are better than other people - used to show disapproval:  --She has such a lofty manner.//  -- loftily adv //  -- loftiness n  [U] //


Words: log
Meaning:
S3   n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1 a thick piece of wood from a tree:  --a roaring log fire//\n  2 an official record of events, especially on a journey in a ship or plane:  --The captain always keeps a log .//\n  3 a logarithm:    it’s as easy as falling off a log at fall1 (30)//    sleep like a log/top at sleep1 (1)//\nlog 2 v   past tense and past participle  logged present participle  logging //\n  1 [T] to make an official record of events, facts etc:  --All phone calls are logged.//\n  2 [T] to travel a particular distance or for a particular length of time, especially in a plane or ship:  --The pilot has logged 1200 flying hours.//\n  3 [I and T] to cut down trees:  log in/on phr v//  to do the necessary actions on a computer system that will allow you to begin using it//  log in/on to//  --You need to log on to your home page.//  log off/out phr v//  to stop using a computer system by giving it particular instructions//


Words: log book
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  BrE an official document containing details about a vehicle and the name of its owner:\n  2 an official record of events, especially on a journey in a ship or plane:


Words: loganberry
Meaning:
n   plural  loganberries  [C] //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  James H.  Logan (1841-1928), U.S. lawyer who developed it +  berry]//  a soft dark red fruit like a large raspberry//


Words: logarithm
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: logarithmus, from  Greek logos (  LOGIC) +  arithmos  ’number’]//  a number representing another number in a mathematical system so that complicated calculations can be done as simple addition//


Words: loggerheads
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: loggerhead  ’stupid person, large head, type of heavy tool’ (16-20 centuries), from  logger  ’block of wood’ (16-18 centuries) (probably from   LOG1) +  head]//  be at loggerheads (with sb)//  if two people are at loggerheads, they disagree very strongly//  be at loggerheads (with somebody) over//  --He is at loggerheads with many of his own party over the issue of taxation.//


Words: loggia
Meaning:
n [C]   an open area with a floor and a roof that is built on the side of a house on the ground floor//


Words: logic
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: logique, from  Latin logica, from  Greek logike, from  logos  ’speech, word, reason’]//\n  1 [singular, U] a way of thinking about something that seems correct and reasonable, or a set of sensible reasons for doing something:  logic behind//  --The logic behind this statement is faulty.//  logic of//  --What’s the logic of your argument?//  accept/follow/see sb’s logic //  --It’s easy to understand his logic.//  --There is a certain logic in their choice of architect.//  commercial/industrial/economic logic //  --Commercial logic has forced the two parts of the company closer together.//\n  2 [U] a formal method of reasoning, in which ideas are based on previous ideas:\n  3 [U]  technical a set of choices that a computer uses to solve a problem:


Words: logical
Meaning:
S3   adj \n  1 seeming reasonable and sensible:  → illogical//  --It’s a logical site for a new supermarket, with the housing development nearby.//  --a logical conclusion//\n  2 using a thinking process in which facts and ideas are connected in a correct way:  --The detective has to discover the murderer by logical deduction.//  -- logically/-kli/ adv //  --He tried to think logically.//


Words: logistic
Meaning:
relating to the logistics of doing something//  --the logistical problems of implementing the proposals//  -- logistically/-kli/ adv //


Words: logistics
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: logistique, from  Greek logistike  ’art of calculating’, from  logos;   LOGIC]//  the practical arrangements that are needed in order to make a plan that involves a lot of people and equipment successful//  --the day-to-day logistics involved with mining//  logistics of//  --the logistics of travelling with small children//


Words: logjam
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a situation in which a lot of problems are preventing progress from being made:\n  2 a tightly packed mass of floating logs on a river:


Words: logo
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: logotype  ’logo’ (19-21 centuries), from  Greek logos (  LOGIC) +  English type]//  a small design that is the official sign of a company or organization//


Words: logrolling
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE  informal \n  1 the practice in the US Congress of helping a member to pass a bill, so that they will do the same for you later:\n  2 the practice of praising or helping someone, so that they will do the same for you later:


Words: loin
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: loigne, from  Latin lumbus]//\n  1  loins [plural]  literary the part of your body below your waist and above your legs, which includes your sexual organs:\n  2 [U and C] a piece of meat from the lower part of an animal’s back:  --roast loin of pork//    gird (up) your loins at gird(1)//


Words: loincloth
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of cloth that men in some hot countries wear around their waist to cover their sexual organs//


Words: Loire
Meaning:
the Loire//  a river in central France which is famous for the many beautiful castles called  ch[hA163]teaux along its banks and for the wine which is made in the area//


Words: loiter
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from  Middle Dutch loteren  ’to be loose’]//\n  1 to stand or wait somewhere, especially in a public place, without any clear reason:   hang about, hang around//  --Five or six teenagers were loitering in front of the newsagent’s.//\n  2 to move or do something slowly, or to keep stopping when you should keep moving:


Words: Lolita
Meaning:
n \n  1 a character in the novel  Lolita (1955) by Vladimir  Nabokov. It is the story of a  middle-aged man who has very strong sexual feelings for a young girl.:\n  2 a girl who is too young to have sex legally, but who behaves in a sexually attractive way:


Words: loll
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably copying the action]//\n  1 [I always + adverb/preposition] to sit or lie in a very lazy and relaxed way:   lounge//  loll around/about/beside etc//  --He lolled back in his chair.//\n  2 [I and T] if your head or tongue lolls or if you loll your head, you allow it to hang in a relaxed uncontrolled way:


Words: lollipop
Meaning:
n [C]   lollipop//  [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Probably from  English dialect lolly  ’tongue’ (from  loll) +  pop]//  a hard sweet made of boiled sugar on a stick//  British Equivalent:  lolly//


Words: lollop
Meaning:
preposition]  written   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: loll +  -op (as in gallop)]//  to run with long awkward steps//  lollop down/up/along etc//  --The dog came lolloping up the path.//


Words: lolly
Meaning:
n   plural  lollies  BrE  informal //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: lollipop]//\n  1 [C] frozen juice or ice cream on a stick:   ice lolly//\n  2 [C] a hard sweet made of boiled sugar on a stick:   lollipop//\n  3 [U]  old-fashioned money - used humorously:


Words: London
Meaning:
the capital city of the UK, in southeast England on the River Thames, which is also an important port and centre for tourists. Population: about 7,000,000. //  -- Londoner n //


Words: London Assembly
Meaning:
the   a group of 25 people who are elected every four years, and who are responsible for checking the performance of the  Mayor of London //


Words: London Bankers’ Clearing House
Meaning:
the   in the UK, an organization owned by the large banks which deals with all the payments made every day using cheques,  switch etc, in order to find out how much each bank owes other banks//


Words: London Bridge
Meaning:
a bridge over the River Thames in London, famous because of a  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for children)  called ’London Bridge is Falling Down’. In 1965, it was sold and taken to the US state of Arizona, where many tourists go to see it, and a new bridge over the Thames was built to replace it.//


Words: London Eye
Meaning:
the London Eye//  a   Ferris wheel in London that is 450 feet tall and which gives people who ride in it very good views of the city//


Words: London Marathon
Meaning:
the   a   marathon (=a running race of about 42 kilometres/26 miles)  that takes place in London every year. Over 25,000 runners take part in the race. Some of these are professional runners, but most are ordinary people, many of whom do the marathon in order to collect money for  charity organizations.//


Words: London Palladium
Meaning:
the London Palladium//  a theatre in central London, famous especially for  musicals (=shows that use singing and dancing to tell a story)  and for variety shows (=shows with many different short performances, by singers, dancers, people telling jokes etc) //


Words: London Philharmonic Orchestra
Meaning:
the the LPO   one of the leading  orchestras (=large group of musicians playing together)  in the UK//


Words: London School of Economics
Meaning:
the   the LSE one of the colleges of London University, which is famous for teaching politics and  economics//


Words: London Season
Meaning:
the  also the Season   a series of social events held every year in or near London and attended by people from the highest social class. In the past, this was an important part of life for the British  upper class, and it is often mentioned in literature, but it is much less important now. It includes parties for  debutantes, and several well-known sports events, including  Royal Ascot, and the  Henley Regatta.//


Words: London Symphony Orchestra
Meaning:
the the LSO   one of the leading  orchestras (=large group of musicians playing together)  in the UK, based at the Barbican in central London//


Words: London University
Meaning:
also the University of London   the third oldest university in England, which consists of several different colleges in London, including  Imperial College, University College, King’s College, and the  London School of Economics.//


Words: Londonderry
Meaning:
the second largest city in Northern Ireland. It is usually called Derry by its Roman Catholic population, especially by people who want Northern Ireland to leave the UK.//


Words: lone
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: alone]//\n  1 used to talk about the only person or thing in a place, or the only person or thing that does something:   solitary//  --A lone figure was standing at the bus stop.//  --He was by no means a lone voice criticizing the government.//  --a lone gunman //  --the lone survivor of a shipwreck//\n  2  lone mother/father/parent etc:   BrE someone who looks after their children on their own//   single//  --a lone-parent family //\n  3  lone wolf:  someone who prefers to be alone//


Words: lonely
Meaning:
S3   adj   comparative  lonelier superlative  loneliest //\n  1 unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to:  American Equivalent:  lonesome//  --a lonely old man//  --Don’t you get lonely being on your own all day?//\n  2 a lonely experience or situation makes you unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to:  --a lonely journey//  lonely life/existence //  --He led a lonely life with few friends.//\n  3  the lonely [plural] people who are lonely:\n  4 a lonely place is a long way from where people live and very few people go there:  American Equivalent:  lonesome//   remote, desolate//  lonely place/road/spot etc //  -- loneliness n  [U] //  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Do not use lonely to mean ’without anyone else’. Use alone: She is afraid to travel alone (NOT travel lonely). //  ----------//


Words: lonely hearts
Meaning:
n   lonely hearts club/column/ad//   BrE a club or an advertisement page of a newspaper that is used by people who want to meet someone that they can have a romantic relationship with//


Words: loner
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who prefers to be alone or who has no friends//  --Ken’s always been a bit of a loner.//


Words: lonesome
Meaning:
adj  AmE \n  1 very unhappy because you are alone or have no friends:   lonely//  --Beth is lonesome without the children.//\n  2 a lonesome place is a long way from where people live and very few people go there:   lonely, remote//  --a lonesome spot near the canyon//\n  3  on/by your lonesome:   informal alone//


Words: Long
Meaning:
Huey Pierce   (1893-1935) a US politician in the  Democratic Party who was  governor of Louisiana from 1928-31, and a US  senator from 1930. He was called the ’Kingfish’ and was popular especially with poorer people because of his plans for social and economic changes that would help the poor. But he used his position to keep complete political control in Louisiana, and he was shot and killed in 1935.//


Words: long
Meaning:
adj   comparative  longer superlative  longest //  ----------//\n   1 great length:\n   2 great distance:\n   3 large amount of time:\n   4 particular length/distance/time:\n   5 writing:\n   6 clothing:\n   7 tiring/boring:\n   8 vowel:\n   9 how long is a piece of string?:\n  10 the long and (the) short of it:\n  11 the long arm of somebody/something:\n  12 long face:\n  13 long in the tooth:\n  14 not long for this world:\n  15 long on something:\n  16 long odds:\n  17 in the long run/term:\n  18 long shot:\n  19 long time no see:\n  20 take the long view (of something):\n  21 a long way:\n  22 long weekend:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: long,  lang]//\n  1 GREAT LENGTH:  measuring a great length from one end to the other//  → short//  --a long table//  -- long hair //  --the longest tunnel in the world//  --He stretched out his long legs .//  --a long line of people//\n  2 GREAT DISTANCE:  continuing or travelling a great distance from one place to another//  → short//  --a long distance//  --Springfield is a long way from Chicago.//  --Liz lives in Cheltenham, which is a long way away .//  long journey/walk/flight/drive etc (=a journey etc over a large distance that takes a lot of time) //  --It’s a long walk to the shops from here.//\n  3 LARGE AMOUNT OF TIME:  continuing for a large amount of time, or for a larger amount of time than usual//  → short//  --a long period of time //  --a long history of success//  --He has a long memory .//  (for) a long time/while//  --He’s been gone a long time.//  --I haven’t been there for a long while.//  --It took a long time to get everything ready.//  --She died a long time ago .//  long silence/pause/delay etc //  --There was a long silence before anybody spoke.//  --She’s recovering from a long illness .//  --Doctors often work long hours  (=work for more time than is usual) .//  the longest time  AmE  spoken  (=a very long time) //  --It took me the longest time to figure out how to open the windows.//\n  4 PARTICULAR LENGTH/DISTANCE/TIME:  used to talk or ask about a particular length, distance, or time//  -- How long is your garden?//  --How long is the film?//  --The cable is not quite long enough .//  two metres/three miles etc long //  --The bridge is 140 feet long.//  two hours/three days etc long //  --The speech was twenty minutes long.//\n  5 WRITING:  containing a lot of words, letters, names, or pages//  → short//  --a long novel//  --a long list //  --He has a very long name .//  --He owes money to a list of people as long as your arm  (=a very long list) .//\n  6 CLOTHING:  covering all of your arms or legs//  → short//  --a long dress//  --a long-sleeved shirt//\n  7 TIRING/BORING:   spoken making you feel tired or bored//  --It’s been a long day .//\n  8 VOWEL:   technical a long vowel in a word is pronounced for a longer time than a short vowel with the same sound//  → short//\n  9  how long is a piece of string?:   BrE  spoken used when there is no definite answer to a question//  --’How long will it take to finish the project?’ ’How long is a piece of string?’//\n  10  the long and (the) short of it:   spoken used when you are telling someone the most important facts about something rather than all the details//  --The long and the short of it is that we missed the train.//\n  11  the long arm of sb/sth:   written the power of someone or something that has authority, especially to catch and punish someone//  --He won’t escape the long arm of the law .//\n  12  long face:  a sad or disappointed expression on someone’s face//\n  13  long in the tooth:   informal too old - used humorously//  --I’m getting a bit long in the tooth for this sort of thing.//\n  14  not long for this world:   literary likely to die or stop existing soon//\n  15  long on sth:  having a lot of a quality//  --He was short on patience, but long on a sense of his own worth.//\n  16  long odds:  if there are long odds against something happening, it is very unlikely that it will happen//\n  17  in the long run/term:  used when talking about what will happen at a later time or when something is finished//  --All our hard work will be worth it in the long run .//\n  18  long shot:  someone or something with very little chance of success//  --Chelsea are a 20-1 long shot to win the championship.//\n  19  long time no see:   spoken used humorously to say hello when you have not seen someone for a long time//\n  20  take the long view (of sth):  to think about the effect that something will have in the future rather than what happens now//\n  21  a long way:  very much, far, or a great amount or degree//  --We’re still a long way from achieving our sales targets.//  --Psychiatry has come a long way  (=developed a lot) since the 1920s.//  --Your contributions will go a long way towards helping children in need (=will help to reach a goal) .//  by a long way/shot  informal  also //  by a long chalk  BrE  (=used when something is much better, quicker, cheaper etc) //  --It was his best performance this year, by a long way.//  not by a long way/shot  informal  also //  not by a long chalk  BrE  (=not at all or not nearly) //  --He had not told Rory everything, not by a long shot.//\n  22  long weekend:  three or more days, including Saturday and Sunday, when you do not have to go to work or school//    at (long) last at last3 (2),  it’s a long story at story(10),  cut/make a long story short at story(11),  a little (of sth) goes a long way at little2 (5),  have a long way to go at way1 (19)//  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: long //  continuing for a long time: lengthy //  continuing for much too long: interminable,  marathon,  endless,  long-winded,  long-drawn-out,  protracted //  continuing for a long time and not changing: permanent,  lasting,  lifelong //  when feelings last for a long time: lingering,  abiding,  enduring,  lasting //  ----------//\nlong 2 adv \n  1 for a long time:  --Have you been waiting long ?//  --Reform of the law is long overdue .//  -- long established traditions//\n  2 used to ask and talk about particular amounts of time:  -- How long will it take to get there?//  --Try to keep going for as long as possible .//  --It took me longer than I thought it would.//\n  3 at a time that is a long time before or after a particular time:  long before/after sth//  --This all happened long before you were born.//  long ago/since//  --He should have left her long ago.//  -- It wasn’t long before  (=soon) Lisa arrived.//\n  4  for long [usually in questions and negatives] for a long time:  --Have you known them for long?//  --I haven’t seen her for so long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.//\n  5  as/so long as:  a) used to say that one thing can happen or be true only if another thing happens or is true//  --You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.//  b) used to say that one thing will continue to happen or be true if another thing happens or is true at the same time//  --As long as we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.//\n  6  (for) as long as:  used to talk about something continuing for the amount of time that you want, need, or is possible//  --You can stay for as long as you want .//  --She tried to stay awake for as long as she could .//  --The fruit should be left on the tree as long as possible .//\n  7  no longer/not any longer:  used when something used to happen or be true in the past but does not happen or is not true now//  --The extra workers won’t be needed any longer.//  --It’s no longer a secret.//\n  8  before long:  soon or in a short time//  --Before long a large crowd had gathered outside the building.//  --It’s likely that the law will be abolished before long.//\n  9  sb/sth/it won’t be long:   spoken used to say that someone or something will be ready, will be back, will happen etc soon//  --Wait here - I won’t be long.//  --Dinner won’t be long.//\n  10  all day/year/summer etc long:  during all of the day etc//\n  11  so long:   spoken especially  AmE goodbye//\n  12  long live sb/sth:  used to show support for a person, idea, principle, or nation//  --Long live the King!//\nlong 3 v [I]   [Language: Old English; Origin: langian]//  to want something very much, especially when it seems unlikely to happen soon//  long to do sth//  --He longed to see her again.//  long for//  --She longed for the chance to speak to him in private.//  long for sb to do sth//  --She longed for him to return.//    longed-for,  longing//


Words: Long Beach
Meaning:
a city in south west California which is named after its long wide beach.It is an important shipping and industrial city, with many oil wells.//


Words: Long Island
Meaning:
an island in the US that contains the New York City  boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn. Further east it has many other towns and cities, some of which are by the sea and popular in summer.//


Words: Long John Silver
Meaning:
a character from the adventure story  Treasure Island (1883) by Robert Louis  Stevenson. Long John Silver is a cruel and frightening  pirate (=someone who sails on the sea, attacking other ships and stealing from them) , who has part of one leg missing and a  parrot that sits on his shoulder. //


Words: long johns
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  From the male name  John]//  warm underwear with long legs//


Words: long jump
Meaning:
n   the long jump//  a sport in which each competitor tries to jump further than anyone else//  -- long jumper n  [C] //


Words: Long March
Meaning:
the   a long journey across China made in 1934-35 by Mao Zedong and his Communist army in order to reach a new base in northwest China. It was a dangerous journey because the marchers were often attacked by their enemies in the Nationalist army, and many of them died. Many of the people who took part in the Long March later became important members of the Communist government, including  Deng Xiaoping. Only one third of the people were alive at the end//


Words: long wave
Meaning:
written abbreviation LW  n [U]   radio broadcasting or receiving on waves of 1000 metres or more in length//    medium wave, short wave, FM//


Words: long-awaited
Meaning:
long awaited adj [only before noun]   a long-awaited event, moment etc is one that you have been waiting a long time for//  --the long-awaited news of his release from prison//


Words: long-distance
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 travelling over a long distance:  long-distance runner //  long-distance lorry driver //  long-distance travel/journey/flight/commuting etc //\n  2  long-distance call:  a telephone call to a place that is far away//  → local//  -- long-distance adv //


Words: long-drawn-out
Meaning:
also long-drawn  adj [only before noun]   continuing for a longer time than is wanted or necessary//   protracted//  --The official enquiry was a long-drawn-out process.//


Words: long-haul
Meaning:
adj   long-haul flight/route/destination etc//  a long-haul flight etc is over a very long distance//  → short-haul//    short-haul//


Words: long-lasting
Meaning:
adj   continuing for a long time//  → short-lived//  --The impact of divorce on children can be long-lasting.//  long-lasting effect/result //


Words: long-life
Meaning:
adj \n  1 long-life products continue working longer than ordinary ones:  --long-life batteries//\n  2  BrE long-life foods stay fresh longer than ordinary ones:  --long-life milk//


Words: long-lived
Meaning:
adj   living or existing for a long time//  → short-lived//  --Ostriches are long-lived birds.//  --the band’s long-lived appeal//


Words: long-lost
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   lost or not seen for a long time//  --long-lost treasures//  long-lost brother/cousin/friend etc //


Words: long-range
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 able to hit something that is a long way away:  → short-range//  -- long-range nuclear missiles //  --He scored with a long-range shot.//\n  2 relating to a time that continues far into the future:  → short-range//  long-range planning/plan/forecast etc //  --a long-range weather forecast//  --the long-range goal of the project//


Words: long-running
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   used to talk about something that has been continuing for a long time//  --a long-running saga //  long-running dispute/battle/debate/feud etc //  --She was involved in a long-running legal battle.//  long-running show/musical/soap opera etc //


Words: long-serving
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   having a particular job or position for a long time//  --a long-serving member of the committee//


Words: long-sighted
Meaning:
adj  BrE   able to see objects or read things clearly only when they are far from your eyes//  → short-sighted//  American Equivalent:  far-sighted//


Words: long-standing
Meaning:
longstanding/l[hA361][hA26E]st[zB024]nd[hA366][hA26E][hA36B] $ l[hA361][hA359][hA26E]-/ adj   having continued or existed for a long time//  --a long-standing member of the committee//  long-standing debate/dispute etc //  --a long-standing feud between the two families//  --the long-standing problem of keeping costs down//  --I have a long-standing arrangement with the bank.//


Words: long-stay
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  BrE \n  1 relating to care or treatment over a long period of time:  long-stay hospital/ward/bed etc //  long-stay patient/resident //\n  2 a long-stay car park is a place where people can leave their cars for a long period of time:  → short-stay//


Words: long-suffering
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   patient in spite of problems or other people’s annoying behaviour//  --his long-suffering wife //


Words: long-term
Meaning:
W3 adj [usually before noun]   continuing for a long period of time into the future, or relating to what will happen in the distant future//  → short term//  --the long-term future of the fishing industry//  --the long-term interests of the company//  the long-term unemployed (=people who have not had a job for a long time) //  --the long-term effects of alcohol on the body//  long-term plan/strategy/solution //  long-term loan/investment //    in the long term at term1 (4)//


Words: long-time
Meaning:
longtime/l[hA361][hA26E]ta[hA366]m $ l[hA361][hA359][hA26E]-/ adj [only before noun]   having existed or continued to be a particular thing for a long time//  --a long-time supporter of civil rights//  long-time friend/lover etc //


Words: long-winded
Meaning:
adj \n  1 continuing to talk for too long or using too many words in a way that is boring:  --His speeches tend to be rather long-winded.//\n  2 if a way of doing something is long-winded, it is very complicated:  --The whole process is incredibly long-winded.//


Words: longbow
Meaning:
n [C]   a large bow made from a long thin curved piece of wood, used in the past for hunting or fighting//


Words: longed-for
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a longed-for thing or event is one that you want very much//  --the birth of her first longed-for child//


Words: longevity
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: longaevitas, from  Latin longaevus  ’long-lived’, from  longus  ’long’ +  aevum  ’age’]//\n  1 the amount of time that someone or something lives:  longevity of//  --the greater longevity of women compared with men//  --The worms have a longevity of about two years.//\n  2 long life or the long time that something lasts:  --The ancient Chinese claimed that garlic promoted longevity.//\n  3 the amount of time that something lasts:  longevity of//  --the longevity of an athlete’s career//


Words: Longfellow
Meaning:
Henry Wadsworth   (1807-82) a popular US poet who wrote long poems about US  legends (=old and popular stories of brave people, great events or adventures etc) . His most famous poems are  The Song of Hiawatha,  The Courtship of Miles Standish,  Paul Revere’s Ride, and  The Wreck of the Hesperus//


Words: longhand
Meaning:
n [U]   if you write something in longhand, you write it by hand using complete words, rather than  typing it or using special short forms of words//    shorthand//


Words: longing
Meaning:
n [singular, U]   a strong feeling of wanting something or someone//  --She looked back with longing on the good old days.//  longing for//  --His heart was filled with longing for Cynthia.//  longing to//  --She felt a longing to throw herself into his arms.//


Words: longingly
Meaning:
adv   in a way that shows that you want someone or something very much//  --She thought longingly of returning to Paris.//  look/gaze longingly at sb/sth //  --He looked longingly at the tray of cakes.//  -- longing adj //


Words: longitude
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: longitudo  ’length’, from  longus  ’long’]//  the distance east or west of a particular  meridian (=imaginary line along the Earth’s surface from the North Pole to the South Pole) , measured in degrees//    latitude//  --The town lies at longitude 12[hA131] east.//


Words: longitudinal
Meaning:
adj  technical \n  1 relating to the development of something over a period of time:  longitudinal study/survey/research etc //  --a longitudinal study of unemployed workers//\n  2 going from top to bottom, not across:  --longitudinal stripes//\n  3 measured according to longitude:  -- longitudinally adv //


Words: Longleat
Meaning:
a large house in Wiltshire owned by the Marquess of Bath, which has a  safari park, where there are many lions//


Words: longshoreman
Meaning:
n   plural  longshoremen  [C]  AmE //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: longshore  ’by the shore’ (from  along shore) +  man]//  someone whose job is to load and unload ships at a dock//  British Equivalent:  docker//


Words: Lonsdale Belt
Meaning:
the   the most important prize in British professional  boxing, which is a decorated belt which is given to a champion and is kept by him if he wins it four times//


Words: loo
Meaning:
n   plural  loos  [C] //   BrE  informal a toilet//  --I need to go to the loo  (=use the toilet) .//


Words: loofah
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Arabic; Origin: luf]//  a rough bath sponge, made from the dried inner part of a tropical fruit//


Words: look
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 see:\n   2 search:\n   3 seem:\n   4 appearance:\n   5 look daggers at somebody:\n   6 look somebody up and down:\n   7 look somebody in the eye:\n   8 look down your nose at somebody/something:\n   9 look the other way:\n  10 look no further:\n  11 face a direction:\n  12 look before you leap:\n  13 be looking to do something:\n  14 look:\n  15 look out!:\n  16 look at that!:\n  17 look who’s here!:\n  18 don’t look now:\n  19 look what you’re doing/look where you’re going etc:\n  20 look what you’ve done!:\n  21 look here:\n  22 (I’m) just looking:  Phrasal verbs//   look after somebody/something//   look ahead//   look around//   look at somebody/something//   look back//   look down on somebody/something//   look for somebody/something//   look forward to something//   look in//   look into something//   look on//   look something → out//   look out for somebody/something//   look something/somebody → over//   look round//   look through somebody/something//   look to somebody/something//   look up//   look up to somebody//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: locian]//\n  1 SEE:   [I] to turn your eyes towards something, so that you can see it//  --We sneaked out while Jessie’s mom wasn’t looking.//  --If you look carefully you can see that the painting represents a human figure.//  --Gina covered her eyes, afraid to look.//  look at//  --’It’s time we left,’ Ian said, looking at his watch.//  --The men all turned to look at her as she entered the room.//  look away/over/down etc//  --Dad looked up from his paper and smiled.//  --’We can’t go out in this weather,’ said Bob, looking out of the window. see usage note  see1 //\n  2 SEARCH:   [I] to try to find something//  --I looked everywhere but Jimmy was nowhere to be found.//  look for//  --Could you help me look for my contact lens?//  --If you’re looking for a bargain, try the local market.//  look in/under/between etc//  --Try looking under the bed.//\n  3 SEEM:   [linking verb] to seem//  --From the way things look at the moment, the Republicans are unlikely to win this election.//  look good/bad etc //  --The future’s looking good.//  it looks as if/as though/like (=it seems likely that) //  --It looks as if it might rain later.//  --It looks like they won’t be needing us any more.//  --You made me look really stupid in front of all my friends!//\n  4 APPEARANCE:   [linking verb] to have a particular appearance//  --How do I look?//  look tired/happy/sad etc //  --You look tired. You should go to bed.//  look as if/as though/like //  --He looked as if he hadn’t washed for a week.//  --What did the man look like ?//  --My sister doesn’t look anything like me.//    look like a million dollars at million(4) see usage note  seem//\n  5  look daggers at sb:   informal to look at someone with a very angry expression on your face//\n  6  look sb up and down:  to look at someone carefully from their head to their feet, as if you were forming an opinion about them//\n  7  look sb in the eye:  to look directly at someone when you are speaking to them, especially to show that you are not afraid of them or that you are telling the truth//  --Owen didn’t dare look his father in the eye.//\n  8  look down your nose at sb/sth:  to behave as if you think that someone or something is not good enough for you//  --He looks down his nose at anyone foreign.//\n  9  look the other way:  to ignore something bad that is happening and not try to stop it//  --Prison guards looked the other way as the man was attacked by fellow prisoners.//\n  10  look no further:  used to say that something you are offering is exactly what someone has been trying to find//  --Want a quiet country retreat for your weekend break? Then look no further!//\n  11 FACE A DIRECTION:   [I always + adverb/preposition] if a building looks in a particular direction, it faces that direction//  --The cabin looks east, so we get the morning sun.//\n  12  look before you leap:  used to say that it is sensible to think about possible dangers or difficulties of something before doing it//\n  13  be looking to do sth:   informal to be planning or expecting to do something//  --We’re looking to buy a new car early next year.//\n  14  spoken  look:  a) used to tell someone to look at something that you think is interesting, surprising etc//  --Look! There’s a fox!//  b) used to get someone’s attention so that you can suggest something or tell them something//  --Look. Why don’t you think about it and give me your answer tomorrow?//  --Look, I’ve had enough of this. I’m going home.//\n  15  spoken  look out!:  used to warn someone that they are in danger//   watch out//  --Look out! There’s a car coming.//\n  16  spoken  look at that!:  used to tell someone to look at something that you think is interesting, bad etc//  --Look at that! What a horrible mess!//\n  17  spoken  look who’s here!:  used when someone arrives unexpectedly//  --Well, look who’s here! It’s Jill and Paul!//\n  18  spoken  don’t look now:  used to say that you have seen someone but do not want them to know you have noticed them//  --Oh no! Don’t look now but here comes Tony.//\n  19  spoken  look what you’re doing/look where you’re going etc:  used to tell someone to be careful//  --Look where you’re putting your feet! There’s mud all over the carpet!//\n  20  spoken  look what you’ve done!:  used to angrily tell someone to look at the result of a mistake they have made or something bad they have done//  --Look what you’ve done - my jacket’s ruined!//\n  21  spoken  look here:   old-fashioned used to get someone’s attention in order to tell them something, especially when you are annoyed with them//  --Look here, you can’t say things like that to me!//\n  22  spoken  (I’m) just looking:  used when you are in a shop, to say that you are only looking at things, but do not intend to buy anything now//  --’Can I help you?’ ’No, thanks. I’m just looking.’//    look kindly on sb/sth at kindly1 (3)//  look after / [look after sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to take care of someone by helping them, giving them what they need, or keeping them safe:   take care of//  --Don’t worry, I’ll look after the kids tomorrow.//  --Susan looked after us very well. She’s an excellent cook.//  --You could tell that the horse had been well looked after .//\n  2 to be responsible for dealing with something:   take care of//  --I’m leaving you here to look after the business until I get back.//\n  3  look after yourself:   spoken especially  BrE used when you are saying goodbye to someone in a friendly way//\n  4  can look after yourself:  to not need anyone else to take care of you//  --Don’t worry about Maisie - she can look after herself.//  look ahead phr v//  to think about and plan for what might happen in the future//  --Looking ahead, we must expect radical changes to be made in our system of government.//  look around phr v//\n  1 to try to find something:  look around for//  --Jason’s going to start looking around for a new job.//\n  2  look around/round (sth):  to look at what is in a place such as a building, shop, town etc, especially when you are walking//  --Do we have to pay to look around the castle?//  --Let’s look round the shops.//  look at / [look at sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to turn your eyes towards something, so that you can see it:  --The twins looked at each other and smiled.//\n  2 to read something quickly in order to form an opinion of it:  --I really can’t comment on the report - I haven’t had time to look at it yet.//\n  3 to examine something and try to find out what is wrong with it:  --You should get the doctor to look at that cut.//  --Can you look at my car? There’s a strange noise coming from the front wheel.//\n  4 to study and think about something, especially in order to decide what to do:  --We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our efficiency.//\n  5  look at sb/sth!:   spoken used to mention someone or something as an example//  --You don’t have to be smart to be good at music - look at Gary.//\n  6 to think about something in a particular way:   see//  --I’d like to be friends again, but Richard doesn’t look at it that way.//\n  7  not much to look at:   informal if someone or something is not much to look at, they are not attractive//  look back phr v//\n  1 to think about something that happened in the past:  look back on/to//  --When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy.//  -- Looking back on it , I still can’t figure out what went wrong.//\n  2  never look back:  to become more and more successful, especially after a particular success//  --After winning the scholarship he never looked back.//  look down on / [look down on sb/sth] phr v//  to think that you are better than someone else, for example because you are more successful, or of a higher social class than they are//  --Mr Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn’t had a college education.//  look for / [look for sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to try to find something that you have lost, or someone who is not where they should be:   search for//  --I’m looking for Steve - have you seen him?//  --Detectives are still looking for the escaped prisoner.//    search2 (1)//\n  2  be looking for sb/sth:  to be trying to find a particular kind of thing or person//  --I’m sorry, we’re really looking for someone with no family commitments.//  be (just) what/who you are looking for //  --’Salubrious’! That’s just the word I was looking for.//\n  3  be looking for trouble:   informal to be behaving in a way that makes it likely that problems or violence will happen//  --They walked into a bar looking for trouble.//  look forward to [look forward to sth] phr v//  to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen//  --I’m really looking forward to our vacation.//  look forward to doing sth//  --My mother says she’s looking forward to meeting you. see usage note  wait1 //  look in phr v//  to make a short visit to someone, while you are going somewhere else, especially if they are ill or need help//   drop in, call in//  look in on//  --I promised to look in on Dad and see if he’s feeling any better.//  look into [look into sth] phr v//  to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it//   investigate//  --Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.//  look on phr v//\n  1 to watch something happening, without being involved in it or trying to stop it:    onlooker//  --Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence.//\n  2  look on sb/sth:   also look upon sb/sth //  to consider someone or something in a particular way, or as a particular thing//  look on as//  --I look on him as a good friend.//  look on with//  --Strangers to the village are looked upon with a mixture of fear and suspicion.//  look out [look sth → out] phr v//  to search for and find a particular thing among your possessions//  --I’ll look out some of my old books for you.//  look out for / [look out for sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to pay attention to what is happening around you, so that you will notice a particular person or thing if you see them:    lookout//  --Look out for your Aunt while you’re at the station.//  --He’s looking out for a nice apartment downtown.//\n  2 to try to make sure that someone is treated well:  --My older brother always looked out for me when we were kids.//  look out for yourself/number one (=think only of the advantages you can get for yourself) //  look over [look sth/sb → over] phr v//  to examine something quickly, without paying much attention to detail//  --Do you have a few minutes to look these samples over?//  look round phr v//  to look around//  look through / [look through sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to look for something among a pile of papers, in a drawer, in someone’s pockets etc:   go through//  --I’ve looked through all my papers but I still can’t find the contract.//\n  2 to not notice or pretend not to notice someone you know, even though you see them:  look straight/right through sb //  --I saw Fiona in the street yesterday and she looked straight through me.//  look to / [look to sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to depend on someone to provide help, advice etc:  look to somebody/something for//  --We look to you for support.//  look to sb to do sth//  --They’re looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.//\n  2 to pay attention to something, especially in order to improve it:  --We must look to our defences.//  look up phr v//\n  1 if a situation is looking up, it is improving:   improve, get better//  --Now the summer’s here  things are looking up !//\n  2  look sth →up:  if you look up information in a book, on a computer etc, you try to find it there//  --Look the word up in your dictionary.//  --I’ll just look up the train times.//\n  3  look sb →up:  to visit someone you know, especially when you are in the place where they live for a different reason//  --Don’t forget to look me up when you come to Atlanta.//  look up to [look up to sb] phr v//  to admire or respect someone//  --I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.//\nlook 2 n   ----------//\n   1 look at:\n   2 expression:\n   3 consider:\n   4 search:\n   5 appearance:\n   6 way something seems:\n   7 beauty:\n   8 fashion:  ----------//\n  1 LOOK AT:   [C usually singular] an act of looking at something//  have/take a look (at sb/sth) //  --Let me have a look at that - I think it’s mine.//  --Take a good look at the photo and see if you recognize anyone in it.//  --I took one look at the coat and decided it wasn’t worth [hA124]50.//  have/take a look around  also //  have/take a look round  BrE  (=look at all the things in a particular place) //  --I have a special interest in old houses. Do you mind if I take a look around?//\n  2 EXPRESSION:   [C] an expression that you make with your eyes or face//  give sb a look //  --Mike gave him such a severe look he didn’t dare argue.//  --Why has Jake been giving me dirty looks  (=unfriendly looks) all morning?//\n  3 CONSIDER:   [singular] an act of examining something and thinking about it//  have/take a look (at sb/sth) //  --Have you had a chance to take a look at my proposal yet?//  --I asked the vet to have a quick look at the puppies as well.//  --It’s time to take a fresh look at the old problem of low pay.//  --This month, take a long hard look  (=examine very carefully) at where your money is going.//\n  4 SEARCH:   [singular] an attempt to find something//  --I can’t find them anywhere. Have a look yourself.//  --She had a good look  (=searched carefully) through the files.//\n  5 APPEARANCE:   [C usually singular] the appearance that someone or something has//  --The area has a very seedy look to it.//  --Mr Flynn had a tired, ill look in his eyes.//  not like the look of sb/sth (=think that something bad has happened or will happen because of something’s appearance) //  --We should turn back now. It’s getting dark and I don’t like the look of those rain clouds.//\n  6 WAY SOMETHING SEEMS:   [C] the way something seems to be//  --The neighbours are back from holiday by the looks of it  (=that is how it seems) .//  --I don’t like the look of this new policy (=I do not like the way it seems) .//\n  7 BEAUTY:   looks [plural] physical attractiveness//  --Fiona’s got everything - looks, money and youth.//  --You get your good looks from your mother.//  --When she lost her looks  (=became less attractive) she found it difficult to get work.//\n  8 FASHION:   [singular] a particular style in clothes, hair, furniture etc//  --The hippy look is back again.//


Words: Look Back in Anger
Meaning:
(1956) a play by John Osborne about a young  working class man called Jimmy Porter, who continually argues with his wife, criticizing her and her family because they represent a traditional society he does not respect. The play influenced many British writers in the 1950s.//


Words: look-in
Meaning:
n  BrE  informal   get/have a look-in [usually in negatives] to have a chance to take part in or succeed in something//  --Arsenal barely got a look-in (=were very unsuccessful) during the second half of the match.//


Words: lookalike
Meaning:
look-alike/l[hA35E]k[hA353]la[hA366]k/ n [C]    informal someone who looks very similar to someone who is famous//  --a Madonna lookalike//


Words: lookout
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 be on the lookout for somebody/something:\n   2 keep a lookout:\n   3 person:\n   4 place:  ----------//\n  1  be on the lookout for sb/sth:  to continuously watch a place or pay attention in order to find something you want or to be ready for problems or opportunities//    look out for//  --We’re always on the lookout for new business opportunities.//  --Police were on the lookout for anyone behaving suspiciously.//\n  2  keep a lookout:  to keep watching carefully for something or someone, especially for danger//  keep a lookout for//  --We were instructed to keep a lookout for enemy aircraft.//  --When you’re driving, keep a sharp lookout  (=watch extra carefully) for cyclists.//\n  3 PERSON:   [C] someone whose duty is to watch carefully for something, especially for danger//\n  4 PLACE:   [C] a place for a lookout to watch from//


Words: loom
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Origin unknown]//\n  1 [always + adverb/preposition] to appear as a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening way:  loom up/out/ahead etc//  --Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them.//\n  2 if a problem or difficulty looms, it is likely to happen very soon:  --An economic crisis is looming on the horizon .//\n  3  loom large:  to seem important, worrying, and difficult to avoid//  --Fear of failure loomed large in his mind.//\nloom 2 n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: geloma  ’tool’]//  a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth//


Words: loon
Meaning:
n [C]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  From a  Scandinavian language.]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1600-1700; Origin: loun  ’bad person’ (15-19 centuries) (influenced by   LOON1 (because of its wild sound) and by   LOONY1)]//\n  1 a large North American bird that eats fish and that makes a long high sound:\n  2  informal a silly or strange person - used humorously:


Words: loony
Meaning:
n   plural  loonies  [C] //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: lunatic]//   informal someone who is crazy or strange//  --Her brother’s a complete loony.//\nloony 2 adj    informal silly, crazy, or strange//  --a loony idea//


Words: loony bin
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   an expression meaning a hospital for people who are mentally ill, usually considered offensive//   psychiatric hospital//


Words: Loop
Meaning:
the   the central business area of Chicago. The name comes from an  elevated railway that forms a large circle or  loop around the area.//


Words: loop
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 shape or line:\n   2 computer:\n   3 film/music:\n   4 be in the loop/be out of the loop:\n   5 knock/throw somebody for a loop:\n   6 road/railway:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from  Scottish Gaelic lub  ’loop, bend’]//\n  1 SHAPE OR LINE:  a shape like a curve or a circle made by a line curving back towards itself, or a piece of wire, string etc that has this shape//  loop of wire/rope/string etc //  --A loop of wire held the gate shut.//  belt loop (=a loop of material for holding a belt on trousers etc) //\n  2 COMPUTER:  a set of operations in a computer program that are continuously repeated//\n  3 FILM/MUSIC:  a film or music loop contains images or sounds that are continuously repeated//\n  4  be in the loop/be out of the loop:   informal to be or not be part of a group of people who make important decisions//\n  5  knock/throw sb for a loop:   AmE  informal to surprise and upset someone//\n  6 ROAD/RAILWAY:   BrE a road or railway line that leaves the main road or track and then joins it again further on//\nloop 2 v \n  1 [I and T] to make a loop or make something into a loop:  loop sth over/around etc sth//  --He looped the rope over the post.//\n  2 [I] to move in a circular direction that forms the shape of a loop:  --The ball looped over the goalkeeper into the back of the net.//\n  3  loop the loop:  to fly a plane up and around in a circle so that the plane is upside down for a time//


Words: loophole
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: loop  ’hole in a wall for shooting through’ (14-19 centuries) +  hole]//  a small mistake in a law that makes it possible to avoid doing something that the law is supposed to make you do//  legal/tax loophole //  loophole in//  --a loophole in the law//


Words: loopy
Meaning:
adj  informal \n  1 crazy or strange:\n  2  go loopy:   BrE //  a) to become extremely angry//  b) to become mentally ill//


Words: loose
Meaning:
W3S3   adj   ----------//\n   1 not firmly attached:\n   2 not attached:\n   3 not tied tightly:\n   4 hair:\n   5 clothes:\n   6 free:\n   7 not exact:\n   8 not very controlled:\n   9 not solid:\n  10 sport:\n  11 cut loose:\n  12 let (something →) loose:\n  13 let somebody loose on something:\n  14 be at a loose end:\n  15 loose ends:\n  16 loose change:\n  17 loose cannon:\n  18 hang/stay loose:\n  19 body waste:\n  20 immoral:\n  21 talk:  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lauss]//\n  1 NOT FIRMLY ATTACHED:  not firmly fastened in place//  --a loose floorboard//  --This tooth feels very loose.//  --The screw has come loose  (=become loose) .//\n  2 NOT ATTACHED:  not attached to anything else//  --loose papers//  --His rear wheel spun on the loose stones .//  --The potatoes are sold loose (=not packed in a container) .//  --The driver had forgotten to fasten the safety chain and the trailer came loose  (=become unattached) .//\n  3 NOT TIED TIGHTLY:  not tied or fastened very tightly//  --a loose knot//\n  4 HAIR:  if your hair is loose, it hangs freely rather than being tied back//  --Her hair fell loose around her shoulders.//\n  5 CLOTHES:  loose clothes are big and do not fit your body tightly//   loosefitting, baggy//  → tight//  --a loose sweatshirt//\n  6 FREE:  free from being controlled or held in a cage, prison, or institution//  break/get loose (=escape) //  --A 34-year old inmate broke loose from the sheriff’s office yesterday.//  turn/let/set sth loose (=let something go free) //  --Don’t let your dog loose on the beach.//\n  7 NOT EXACT:   [usually before noun] not exact or thoroughly done//  --a loose translation//  --a loose interpretation of the law//\n  8 NOT VERY CONTROLLED:  not strictly controlled or organized//  loose federation/alliance/group etc //  --a loose federation of political groups//  --loose arrangement (=an arrangement that can easily be changed) //\n  9 NOT SOLID:  not pressed tightly together in a solid mass//  loose soil/earth //\n  10 SPORT:  not under the control of either team in a game of football,  rugby etc//  --Sheringham was the first player to reach the loose ball .//\n  11  cut loose:  a) to free yourself from someone or something, or their influence//  cut yourself loose (from sth)//  --He cut himself loose from the constraints of family life.//  b)  AmE  informal to start enjoying yourself in a happy noisy way after a period of controlled behaviour//  --I’m ready to cut loose and enjoy the weekend.//\n  12  let (sth →) loose:  to speak or behave in an uncontrolled way//  --She let loose a string of four-letter words.//\n  13  let sb loose on sth:  to allow someone to deal with something in the way they want to, when you think they will make mistakes or do something wrong//  --Whatever you do, don’t let Derek loose on the garden.//\n  14  be at a loose end:   also be at loose ends  AmE to have nothing to do//  --I was at a loose end so I decided to go see an old movie.//\n  15  loose ends:  parts of something that have not been completed or correctly done//  --We’ve nearly finished, but there are still a few loose ends to be tied up  (=dealt with or completed) .//\n  16  loose change:  coins that you have in your bag or pocket//\n  17  loose cannon:  someone who cannot be trusted because they say or do things you do not want them to//\n  18  hang/stay loose:   AmE  spoken used to tell someone to stay calm, or not to worry about something//\n  19 BODY WASTE:  having a problem in which the waste from your bowels has too much liquid in it//  --loose bowels//\n  20 IMMORAL:   old-fashioned behaving in a way that is considered to be sexually immoral//  --a loose woman //  --loose morals//\n  21 TALK:   old-fashioned not careful about what you say or who is listening//  --There’s been a bit of loose talk about it.//  -- loosely adv //  --A towel was loosely wrapped around his neck.//  --The film is loosely based on the novel.//  -- looseness n  [U] //  ----------//  HINT //  Do not confuse the adjective loose (=not tight, not firm etc)  /lu[hA359]s/ with the verb  lose (=no longer have something, be unable to find something etc) which has a different pronunciation  /lu[hA359]z/ . //  ----------//\nloose 2 v [T]  literary \n  1 to make something unpleasant begin:  --And now the anger Maggie had feared was loosed.//\n  2 to make something loose or to untie someone or something, especially an animal:\n  3 to fire an arrow, a bullet from a gun etc:  loose on/upon / [loose sth on/upon sb/sth] phr v//   literary to allow something dangerous or harmful to begin to affect a situation or other people//  --the evils loosed upon humanity in World War II//\nloose 3 n   be on the loose//  if a criminal or dangerous animal is on the loose, they have escaped from prison or from their cage//


Words: loose-fitting
Meaning:
adj   loose-fitting clothes are big and do not fit your body closely, so that they are comfortable//   baggy//  → tight-fitting, tight//  --a loose-fitting jacket//


Words: loose-leaf
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   having pages that can be put in and removed easily//  loose-leaf file/binder/format //


Words: loosen
Meaning:
v \n  1 [I and T] to make something less tight or less firmly fastened, or to become less tight or less firmly fastened:  → tighten//  --You’ll need a spanner to loosen that bolt.//  --The screws have loosened.//  --Harry loosened his tie.//\n  2 [T] to make laws, rules etc less strict:   relax//  → tighten//  --Congress has loosened the restrictions on immigration.//\n  3  loosen your grip/hold:  a) to reduce the control or power you have over someone or something//  loosen your grip/hold on//  --The government has loosened its hold on the media considerably.//  b) to start holding someone or something less tightly than you were before//  → tighten//  loosen your grip/hold on//  --He loosened his grip on David’s arm.//\n  4  loosen sb’s tongue:  to make someone talk more than usual, especially about things they should not talk about//  loosen up phr v//\n  1 to stop worrying and become more relaxed, or to make someone do this:  --She loosened up after she’d had a drink.//  loosen sb → up//  --His welcoming smile helped loosen her up.//\n  2 if your muscles loosen up, or if something loosens them up, they stop feeling stiff:  loosen sth → up//  --A massage will loosen up your joints.//


Words: Loot
Meaning:
trademark   a magazine, sold in the UK, which only contains advertisements by people who want to sell their cars or old furniture, rent their homes, buy a house etc.//


Words: loot
Meaning:
v [I and T]   to steal things, especially from shops or homes that have been damaged in a war or riot//  --Shops were looted and burned.//  -- looter n  [C] //  -- looting n  [U] //\nloot 2 n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Hindi; Origin: lut]//\n  1 goods taken by soldiers from a place where they have won a battle:   plunder//\n  2  informal goods or money that have been stolen:   spoils//\n  3  informal things that you have bought or been given in large amounts - used humorously:  --Jodie came home from the mall with bags of loot.//


Words: lop
Meaning:
v  also lop off   past tense and past participle  lopped present participle  lopping  [T] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: lop  ’small branches cut off’ (15-20 centuries)]//\n  1  also lop off :  to cut something, especially branches from a tree, usually with a single strong movement//   chop, chop off//  --Workmen have lopped off more branches in an effort to save the tree.//\n  2  also lop off :  to reduce an amount, especially of money, by a particular amount//  --They lopped [hA124]16 off the price.//  lop sth from sth//  --Citicorp plans to lop $1.5 billion a year from its operating costs.//


Words: lope
Meaning:
preposition]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: hlaupa  ’to jump’]//  to run easily with long steps//  lope along/across/up etc//  --He loped off down the corridor.//  -- lope n  [singular] //


Words: lopsided
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: lop  ’to hang down loosely’;   LOP-EARED]//\n  1 having one side that is lower or heavier than the other:  --a lopsided grin//\n  2 unequal or uneven, especially in an unfair way:  --a lopsided 8-0 victory//


Words: loquacious
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: loquax, from  loqui  ’to speak’]//  a loquacious person likes to talk a lot//   talkative//  -- loquacity/l[hA353][hA35E]kw[zB024]s[hA369]ti $ lo[hA35E]-/ n  [U] //


Words: Lord
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 :  a) a title of God or Jesus Christ, used when praying//  --Thank you, Lord, for your blessings.//  b)  the Lord//  God or Jesus Christ, used when talking about God//  --The Lord helps and guides us.//\n  2  Lord (only) knows:   spoken //  a) used when you do not know the answer to something//  Lord knows how/who/where etc//  --Lord knows how old she is now.//  b) used to emphasize that something is true//  --Lord only knows I tried my best to get this right.//\n  3  (Good) Lord!/Oh Lord!:   spoken said when you are suddenly surprised, annoyed, or worried about something//   heavens//  --Good Lord! Is that the time?//\n  4 the title of someone who has a particular type of official job in Britain:  --Lord Mayor of London//\n  5  the Lords:   BrE the House of Lords//    the Commons//\n  6  Our Lord:  a phrase meaning Jesus Christ//


Words: lord
Meaning:
W2S3   n   [Language: Old English; Origin: hlaford, from  hlaf  ’bread’ +  weard  ’keeper’]//\n  1 [C]  also  Lord:  a man who has a rank in the aristocracy, especially in Britain, or his title//    lady//  --Lord Salisbury//\n  2 [C] a man in medieval Europe who was very powerful and owned a lot of land:  --the feudal lords//\n  3  my lord:   BrE  spoken used to address a judge or bishop, and in the past to address a lord//\n  4  sb’s lord and master:  someone who must be obeyed because they have power over you - used humorously//\nlord 2 v   lord it over sb//  to behave in a way that shows you think you are better or more powerful than someone else//  --He didn’t use his position on the council to lord it over people.//


Words: Lord Advocate
Meaning:
the   the most important official in Scotland’s legal system. The Lord Advocate chooses new judges, suggests new laws, and decides whether or not a law needs to be changed. //


Words: Lord Chamberlain
Meaning:
the   in the UK, the person in charge of managing the royal  household (=the people who live with and work for the King or Queen) //


Words: Lord Chancellor
Meaning:
the   the most important official in the legal system of England and Wales. The Lord Chancellor gives legal advice to the King or Queen, chooses new judges, and decides whether or not a law needs to be changed. He is also the  speaker of the House of Lords and an important member of the UK government.//


Words: Lord Chancellor’s Department
Meaning:
the   a British government department, headed by the Lord Chancellor, which is in charge of the legal system and the courts in England and Wales, and is responsible for choosing judges. There is a similar department in the US called the  Department of Justice.//


Words: Lord Chief Justice
Meaning:
the   a judge who is second in importance to the Lord Chancellor in the legal system of England and Wales. The Lord Chief Justice is the judge in charge of cases which are judged at a  Court of Appeal.//


Words: Lord is my Shepherd
Meaning:
The   the title and first words of the  Twenty-Third Psalm, one of the most famous Christian  hymns (=religious songs) //


Words: Lord Lieutenant
Meaning:
the  n   plural  Lords Lieutenant //  in the UK, an official who represents the King or Queen in a  county. The Lord Lieutenant has no real power, but performs ceremonial duties.//


Words: Lord Mayor’s Banquet
Meaning:
the   a  banquet (=formal dinner)  held in the Guildhall, London, every year after the new Lord Mayor of London has been elected. Many important people are invited to this banquet, including the Prime Minister, who makes a speech to mark the occasion.//


Words: Lord Mayor’s Show
Meaning:
the   a street  parade in which the new Lord Mayor of London travels in a golden carriage through the streets of London//


Words: Lord of Misrule
Meaning:
the   the name given to the person who was put in charge of the Christmas games and fun in England in the 15th and 16th centuries//


Words: Lord of the Flies
Meaning:
(1954) a novel by William  Golding about a group of boys living on a  desert island (=a small island with no people living on it)  after a plane accident. At first they work together and help each other, but soon they become cruel and violent towards each other.//


Words: Lord of the Rings
Meaning:
The   (1954-55) a novel by J. R. R.  Tolkien, which continues the story of  The Hobbit. It takes place in a land called Middle-Earth, and has many strange magical characters in it, including the  wizard Gandalf and a  Hobbit called Frodo, who has to save the world from great evil.//


Words: Lord Privy Seal
Meaning:
the   an important member of the British  cabinet who is not responsible for a particular government department//


Words: Lord Protector
Meaning:
the title used by Oliver  Cromwell and later by his son Richard Cromwell when they were in charge of the government of Britain at the time when it was a  republic (1649-59)//


Words: lordly
Meaning:
adj \n  1 behaving in a way that shows you think you are better or more important than other people:  --a lordly disdain for the common man//\n  2 very big and impressive:  --a lordly feast//  -- lordliness n  [U] //


Words: Lords Spiritual
Meaning:
the   the  bishops and  archbishops (=priests of high rank)  in the Church of England who are members of the  House of Lords//    Lords Temporal, The//


Words: Lords Temporal
Meaning:
the   the members of the  House of Lords who are not  bishops or  archbishops (=priests of high rank)  in the Church of England//    Lords Spiritual, the//


Words: lordship
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  your/his lordship:  used when talking to or talking about a lord, or when talking to a British judge or bishop(1)//    ladyship//\n  2  his lordship:   BrE  spoken a man who thinks he is very important - used humorously//  --So when will his lordship be back?//


Words: lore
Meaning:
n [U]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lar  ’teaching, lesson’]//  knowledge or information about a subject, for example nature or magic, that is not written down but is passed from person to person//  --According to local lore, a ghost still haunts the castle.//


Words: Lorna Doone
Meaning:
(1869) a book by R. D.  Blackmore about the romantic relationship between Lorna Doone, a young woman from a family of criminals, and John Ridd, a young man whose father was killed by Lorna Doone’s father. The story takes place in the 17th century on  Exmoor, in southwest England.//


Words: lorry
Meaning:
S3   n   plural  lorries  [C]  BrE //  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  English dialect lurry  ’to pull’ (17-19 centuries)]//\n  1 a large vehicle for carrying heavy goods:   truck//\n  2  it fell off the back of a lorry:   spoken used humorously to say that something was probably stolen//


Words: Los Alamos
Meaning:
a town in New Mexico, in the southwestern US, where the first  atom bomb and  hydrogen bomb were developed//    Manhattan Project, the//


Words: Los Angeles
Meaning:
LA the second largest city in the US, in California on the Pacific coast. It is the centre of the American film industry//


Words: Los Angeles Times
Meaning:
The  trademark   a serious daily newspaper produced in Los Angeles and also sold in other parts of the US//


Words: lose
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  lost /l[hA361]st $ l[hA361][hA359]st///  ----------//\n   1 stop having attitude/quality etc:\n   2 not win:\n   3 cannot find something:\n   4 stop having something:\n   5 death:\n   6 money:\n   7 have nothing to lose:\n   8 time:\n   9 lose your way/bearings:\n  10 lose touch (with somebody/something):\n  11 lose your temper/cool/rag:\n  12 lose your head:\n  13 lose your mind:\n  14 lose it:\n  15 lose yourself in something:\n  16 escape:\n  17 confuse somebody:\n  18 remove something:\n  19 lose something in the translation/telling:  Phrasal verbs//   lose out//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: losian  ’to destroy or be destroyed, to lose’]//\n  1 STOP HAVING ATTITUDE/QUALITY ETC:   [T] to stop having a particular attitude, quality, ability etc, or to gradually have less of it//    loss//  --I’ve lost my appetite.//  lose confidence/interest/hope etc //  --The business community has lost confidence in the government.//  --Carol lost interest in ballet in her teens.//  --Try not to lose heart  (=become sad and hopeless) - there are plenty of other jobs.//  lose face (=stop having as much respect from other people) //  --A settlement was reached in which neither side lost face.//  lose weight/height/speed etc //  --You’re looking slim. Have you lost weight?//  --The plane emptied its fuel tanks as it started losing altitude.//  lose your sight/hearing/voice/balance etc //  --Mr Eyer may lose the sight in one eye.//  --The tour was postponed when the lead singer lost his voice.//  --Julian lost his balance and fell.//  lose your touch (=become less skilled at doing something you used to do well) //  --This latest movie proves Altman is by no means losing his touch.//  --By the time the ambulance arrived, Douglas had lost consciousness .//  lose all sense of time/direction/proportion etc //  --When he was writing, he lost all sense of time.//  lose sight of sth (=forget an important fact about a situation) //  --We must never lose sight of the fact that man must work in harmony with nature.//\n  2 NOT WIN:   [I and T] to not win a game, argument, election, war etc//  → win//    defeat//  --They played so badly they deserved to lose.//  --Klinger lost his seat in the election.//  --Arkansas just lost three games in a row.//  --He just can’t bear to lose an argument.//  lose to//  --The Beavers have dropped only one game since losing to Oregon in January.//  lose (sth) by 1 goal/10 votes/20 points etc //  --The government lost by one vote.//  --The Communist candidate lost by a whisker  (=a very small amount) .//  --Freddie died in 1982 after losing his battle against AIDS.//  lose sb sth//  --It was a rash decision, and it lost him the race (=caused him to lose the race) .//\n  3 CANNOT FIND SOMETHING:   [T] to become unable to find someone or something//  --I’ve lost the tickets for tonight’s show.//  --I followed her on foot, but lost her in the crowd.//  --It was thought the manuscript had been lost forever .//  be/get lost in the post  BrE //  be/get lost in the mail  AmE //  --The parcel must have got lost in the post .//  lose track of sth/sb (=stop knowing where someone or something is) //  --He lost track of her after her family moved away.//  lose sight of sth/sb (=stop being able to see someone or something) //  --Don’t try to walk in a heavy snowstorm as you may lose sight of your vehicle.//    lost property//\n  4 STOP HAVING SOMETHING:   [T] if you lose something that is important or necessary, you then no longer have it, especially because it has been taken from you or destroyed//    loss//  --David’s very upset about losing his job .//  --Hundreds of people lost their homes in the floods.//  --My family lost everything in the war.//  --He was over the limit and will lose his licence .//  --90 naval aircraft were lost and 31 damaged.//  lose a chance/opportunity //  --If you hesitate, you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.//  lose sth to sb/sth//  --We were losing customers to cheaper rivals.//  --She was about to lose her husband to a younger woman.//  --California has lost 90% of its wetlands to development.//  lose an arm/leg/eye etc //  --He lost his leg in a motorcycle accident.//  --He’s lost a lot of blood but his life is not in danger.//  lose sb sth//  --the mistakes which lost him his kingdom (=caused him to lose his kingdom) //\n  5 DEATH:   [T] //  a)  lose your life//  to die//  --a memorial to honor those who lost their lives in the war//  b) if you lose a relative or friend, they die - use this when you want to avoid saying the word ’die’//    loss//  --One woman in Brooklyn lost a husband and two sons in the gang wars.//  --Sadly, Anna lost the baby  (=her baby died before it was born) .//  lose sb to cancer/AIDS etc //  --He lost his father to cancer (=his father died of cancer) last year.//  --Peter was lost at sea when his ship sank.//\n  6 MONEY:   [I and T] if you lose money, you then have less money than you had before//    loss//  lose on//  --The company is in debt after losing an estimated $30 million on its dotcom enterprise.//  --Creditors and investors stand to lose  (=risk losing) vast sums after the company’s collapse.//  --A lot of people lost their shirts  (=lost a lot of money) on Ferraris in the Eighties.//  --It’s a great deal - we can’t lose!//  lose sb sth//  --The stock market crash lost the banks [hA124]70 million (=caused them to lose [hA124]70 million) .//\n  7  have nothing to lose:   spoken if you have nothing to lose, it is worth taking a risk because you cannot make your situation any worse//  --You might as well apply for the job - you’ve got nothing to lose.//  have nothing to lose but your pride/reputation etc //  --The working class has nothing to lose but its chains. (=disadvantages, restrictions etc) .//  have a lot/too much to lose (=used to say that you could make your situation much worse) //  --These youngsters know they have too much to lose by protesting against the system.//\n  8 TIME:   [T] //  a) if you lose time, you do not make progress as quickly as you want to or should//  lose time/2 days/3 hours etc //  --Vital minutes were lost because the ambulance took half an hour to arrive.//  --In 1978, 29 million days were lost in industrial action.//  --Come on, there’s no time to lose  (=do not waste time) .//  lose no time in doing sth (=do something immediately) //  --Murdock lost no time in taking out a patent for his invention.//  b) if a watch, clock etc loses time, it runs too slowly and shows an earlier time than it should//  → gain//\n  9  lose your way/bearings:  a) to stop knowing where you are or which direction you should go in//  --I lost my way in the network of tiny alleys.//  b) to become uncertain about your beliefs or what you should do//  --The company seems to have lost its way of late.//\n  10  lose touch (with sb/sth):  a) if two people lose touch, they gradually stop communicating, for example by no longer phoning or writing to each other//  --I’ve lost touch with all my old school friends.//  --They lost touch when Di got married and moved away.//  b) if you lose touch with a situation or group, you are then no longer involved in it and so do not know about it or understand it//  --They claim the prime minister has lost touch with the party.//  --It sometimes appears that the planners have lost touch with reality.//\n  11  lose your temper/cool/rag:  to become angry//  lose your temper/cool/rag with//  --Diana was determined not to lose her temper with him.//\n  12  lose your head:  to become unable to behave calmly or sensibly//  --You’ve all heard that Nadal lost his head over a girl?//\n  13  lose your mind:  to become crazy//   go crazy, go mad//  --Nicholas looked at her as if she’d lost her mind.//\n  14  lose it:   spoken  informal //  a) to become very angry and upset//  --She completely lost it with one of the kids in class.//  b)  also lose the plot //  to become crazy or confused//  --I could see people thinking I’d totally lost the plot.//\n  15  lose yourself in sth:  to be paying so much attention to something that you do not notice anything else//  --She listened intently to the music, losing herself in its beauty.//\n  16 ESCAPE:   [T] if you lose someone who is chasing you, you manage to escape from them//  --There’s a better chance of losing him if we take the back route.//\n  17 CONFUSE SOMEBODY:   [T]  spoken  informal to confuse someone when you are trying to explain something to them//  --Explain it again - you’ve lost me already.//\n  18 REMOVE SOMETHING:   [T] to remove a part or feature of something that is not necessary or wanted//  --You could lose the last paragraph to make it fit on one page.//\n  19  lose sth in the translation/telling:  to be less good than the original form//  --The joke loses something in the translation.//    lost2 //    lose count at count2 (3)//    lose sleep over sth at sleep2 (4)//  lose out phr v//  to not get something good, valuable etc because someone else gets it instead//  --The deal will ensure that shareholders do not lose out financially.//  lose out to//  --He lost out to Roy Scheider for the lead role.//  lose out on//  --Workers who don’t take up training may lose out on promotion.//


Words: loser
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who is in a worse situation than they were, because of something that has happened:  → winner//  --If the strike continues, the people of Galway will be the real losers.//\n  2 someone who is never successful in life, work, or relationships:  --What a loser!//  --The guy’s a born loser .//\n  3 someone who has lost a competition, game, election etc:  → winner//  good/bad loser (=someone who behaves well or badly after losing) //


Words: loss
Meaning:
W1S2   n   [Language: Old English; Origin: los  ’destruction’]//\n  1 [U and C] the fact of no longer having something, or of having less of it than you used to have, or the process by which this happens:  loss of//  --The court awarded Ms Dixon [hA124]7,000 for damages and loss of earnings .//  --a disease which causes fever and a loss of appetite //  --This did not explain his apparent loss of interest in his wife.//  --her loss of confidence in herself//  --a certain feeling of loss of control //  --a temporary  loss of memory //  --The animal was weak through loss of blood .//  --The company is closing down two of its factories, leading to 430 job losses .//  -- Weight loss should be gradual.//  --a type of  hearing loss that affects language development//\n  2 [U and C] if a business makes a loss, it spends more than it earns:  --The company made a loss of $250,000 last year.//  --The magazine’s losses totaled almost $5 million.//  --profit and loss//  run/operate etc at a loss (=to earn less money from something you sell than it costs you to produce it) //  --Two of the mines are running at a loss.//  --a loss-making rural railway//\n  3 [U and C] the death of someone:  loss of//  --She must be feeling very lonely after the loss of her husband.//  --I’m sorry to hear of your family’s sad loss  (=the death of someone you love) .//  --US forces withdrew after suffering heavy losses  (=many deaths) .//  --The war has led to a tragic loss of life .//\n  4  be at a loss:  to be confused and uncertain about what to do or say//  --When her son finally left home, Emily felt completely at a loss.//  be at a loss to do sth//  --Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason for his death.//  --He seemed, for once, at a loss for words  (=unable to think what to say) .//\n  5 [U] a feeling of being sad or lonely because someone or something is not there any more:  --the deep sense of loss I felt after my divorce//\n  6 [singular] a disadvantage caused by someone or something leaving or being removed:  loss to//  --We see your going as a great loss to the company.//\n  7  that’s/it’s sb’s loss:   spoken said when you think someone is being stupid for not taking a good opportunity//  --Well, if he doesn’t want to come, it’s his loss.//    cut your losses at cut1 (29)//    a dead loss at dead1 (10)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  loss of earnings/income //  loss of appetite //  loss of interest //  loss of confidence //  loss of control //  loss of faith //  loss of memory/memory loss //  blood loss/loss of blood //  job losses //  weight loss //  hearing loss //  ----------//


Words: loss adjuster
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   someone who is employed by an insurance company to decide how much should be paid to people who make a claim//  American Equivalent:  insurance adjuster//


Words: loss-making
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  especially BrE   a loss-making product or business does not make any money//  → profit-making, profitable//  --The company has sold many of its loss-making businesses to cut debts.//


Words: lossy
Meaning:
n [U]   lossy compression//  a way of making a computer file smaller, but which involves losing some of the information in it//


Words: lost
Meaning:
v   the past tense and past participle of lose//\nlost 2 W3S2 adj   ----------//\n   1 cannot find your way:\n   2 cannot be found:\n   3 wasted:\n   4 feel/be lost:\n   5 Get lost!:\n   6 not noticing:\n   7 get lost (in something):\n   8 not understand:\n   9 be lost on somebody:\n  10 be lost for words:\n  11 not existing:\n  12 lost cause:\n  13 lost soul:  ----------//\n  1 CANNOT FIND YOUR WAY:  if you are lost, you do not know where you are and are unable to find your way somewhere//  --’Are you lost?’ the driver asked.//  --I got thoroughly lost on the way here.//  --a lost child//\n  2 CANNOT BE FOUND:  if something is lost, you had it but cannot now find now//   missing//  --two boys searching for a lost ball//  --The letter never arrived. It must have got lost in the post.//\n  3 WASTED:  a) lost time or opportunities have not been used in the way that would have given you the greatest advantage//  --It’ll be impossible to make up the lost time.//  --They didn’t change the voting system when they had the chance and now the opportunity has been lost.//  b)  lost sales/business/earnings etc//  sales, business etc that you could have had but did not//  --The strike has cost the company [hA124]2 million in lost revenue.//\n  4  feel/be lost:  to not feel confident about what to do or how to behave//  --It’s not unusual to feel rather lost when you first start college.//  --She’s a great friend and I’d be lost without her.//\n  5  Get lost!:   spoken used to rudely tell someone to go away or to stop annoying you//\n  6 NOT NOTICING:   [not before noun] thinking so hard about something, or being so interested in something, that you do not notice what is happening around you//  lost in//  --Harry just stood there, lost in thought .//  --Amy lay on her bed, totally lost in her book.//\n  7  get lost (in sth):  to be forgotten or not noticed in a complicated process or in a busy time//  --It’s easy for your main points to get lost in a long speech.//\n  8 NOT UNDERSTAND:   be lost//  to be completely confused by a complicated explanation//  --’Do you understand what I mean?’ ’Not really. I’m a bit lost.’//\n  9  be lost on sb:  if something is lost on someone, they do not understand or want to accept it//  --The joke was completely lost on Chris.//\n  10  be lost for words:  to be unable to say anything because you are very surprised, upset etc//  --For once in her life, she was lost for words.//\n  11 NOT EXISTING:   [only before noun] that no longer exists or that you no longer have//  --the relics of a lost civilization//  --She wept for her broken dreams and lost youth.//\n  12  lost cause:  something that has no chance of succeeding//  --Trying to interest my son in classical music is a lost cause.//\n  13  lost soul:  someone who does not seem to know where they are or what to do - often used humorously//    give sb up for dead/lost etc at give up(7)//    long-lost//    make up for lost time at make up for(4)//    there is no love lost between sb and sb at love2 (10)//


Words: Lost Generation
Meaning:
the \n  1 the young men who were killed in World War I, who could have been successful in art, science, literature etc:\n  2 all the people who became adults during or just after World War I, and who suffered great social and emotional disadvantages as a result:\n  3 a group of US writers who grew up during World War I, such as Ernest  Hemingway and F. Scott  Fitzgerald, and who went to live in Paris in the 1920s:


Words: lost property
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE \n  1 things that people have lost or accidentally left in a public place, which are kept until someone collects them:\n  2  also  Lost Property:  a place where these things are kept until someone comes to claim them//  American Equivalent:  lost-and-found//  --Thankfully, someone had handed my bag into Lost Property.//


Words: lost-and-found
Meaning:
n  AmE   the lost-and-found//  a place where things that are lost are kept until someone comes to claim them//  British Equivalent:  lost property//


Words: lot
Meaning:
pron, adv \n  1  a lot:   also lots  informal //  a large amount or number//  --We’ve spent a lot on the children’s education.//  --’How many CDs have you got?’ ’Lots.’//  a lot of//  --They paid a lot of money for that house.//  --I eat a lot of vegetables.//  --There were lots of people at the party.//  an awful lot  also //  a whole lot  informal  (=a very large amount or number) //  --He spends an awful lot of time on the computer.//  a lot to do/learn/say etc //  --I still have a lot to learn.//  --It’s a great city, with lots to see and do.//\n  2  a lot:   also  lots informal //  if someone or something is a lot better, faster, easier etc, they are much better, faster etc//   much//  --My headache’s lots better, thanks.//  --She has a lot more contact with clients these days.//  --You’ll get there a lot quicker if you take the motorway.//  --The house is a lot tidier now Chris has left home.//\n  3  a lot:  used to say that something happens to a great degree or often//  --Things have changed a lot since I was a child.//  --Paul travels a lot on business.//  --I’ve been worrying a lot about my health.//  --She likes you a lot.//\n  4  have a lot on your plate:   informal to have a large number of problems to deal with or a large amount of work to do//\n  5  have a lot on your mind:  to have a lot of problems that you are worried about//  --’You’re quiet today.’ ’I’ve got a lot on my mind.’//\n  6  have a lot on:   BrE to be very busy, with a large number of things to do in a short time//  --I can’t help you now - I’ve got rather a lot on.//    thanks a lot at thanks1 (1)//    a fat lot of good/use at fat1 (5)//    have a lot to answer for at answer for(2)//\nlot 2 n   ----------//\n   1 group of people/things:\n   2 the lot:\n   3 somebody’s situation:\n   4 land:\n   5 film:\n   6 thing to be sold:\n   7 choosing:\n   8 throw in/cast your lot with somebody/something:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: hlot  ’object used for making a choice by chance’]//\n  1 GROUP OF PEOPLE/THINGS:   [C] a group of people or things considered together//  --Could you help me carry this lot upstairs?//  lot of//  --The last lot of people offered [hA124]70,000.//  --I did three lots of exams last summer.//  --Come on, you lot, hurry up!//  --His friends are a strange lot.//\n  2  the lot:   especially BrE the whole of an amount or number of things, people etc//  --We’ll do everything - cooking, washing, ironing - the lot.//  --I can’t believe you ate the whole lot .//  --I think that’s the lot (=everything is included) .//  the lot of you/them/us (=all of you, them, or us) //  --Shut up, the lot of you!//\n  3 SOMEBODY’S SITUATION:   [singular] your lot is your work, duties, social position etc, especially when they could be better//  --She seems happy enough with her lot.//  --The unions have always tried to improve the lot of their members.//\n  4 LAND:   [C]  especially AmE an area of land used for building on or for another purpose//  --the vacant lot  (=empty land) behind the Commercial Hotel//  --a used-car lot//    parking lot//\n  5 FILM:   [C] a building and the land surrounding it where films are made//   studio//  --the Universal Studios lot//\n  6 THING TO BE SOLD:   [C] something, or a group of things, that is sold at an auction//  --Lot 54 is a Victorian lamp.//\n  7 CHOOSING:  a)  by lot//  if someone is chosen by lot, several people each take a piece of paper or an object from a container, and the person who is chosen is the one who gets a particular marked paper or object//  --In Athens at that time, judges were chosen by lot .//  b)  draw/cast lots//  to choose something or someone by lot//  --We drew lots to decide who should go first.//\n  8  throw in/cast your lot with sb/sth:  to join or support someone or something, and accept that what happens to them will affect what happens to you//  --In 1915 Italy threw in her lot with the allies.//    bad lot at bad1 (21)//    a job lot at job(17)//


Words: Lot’s wife
Meaning:
in the Old Testament of the Bible, a woman who was turned into a  pillar (=a tall upright block)  of salt by God, because she disobeyed his command not to look back when she and her family were escaping from Sodom, the city that God was going to destroy//


Words: lotion
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: lotio  ’act of washing’, from  lavare  ’to wash’]//  a liquid mixture that you put on your skin or hair to clean, soften, or protect it//  --suntan lotion//


Words: lottery
Meaning:
S3   n   plural  lotteries //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: loterie, from  Middle Dutch, from  lot  ’lot’]//\n  1 [C] a game used to make money for a state or a charity in which people buy tickets with a series of numbers on them. If their number is picked by chance, they win money or a prize:    raffle, draw//  --a lottery ticket//  --Do you really think winning the lottery would make you happy?//  national/state lottery //\n  2 [U and C]  AmE a system of choosing who will get something by choosing people’s names by chance:  by lottery//  --The State Department issues 55,000 visas each year by lottery.//\n  3  a lottery:  a situation in which what happens depends on chance and is not certain to be successful//  --That’s the trouble with capitalism. It’s a lottery.//


Words: lotto
Meaning:
n [C]   a game used to make money, in which people buy tickets with a series of numbers on them. If their number is picked by chance, they win money or a prize.//


Words: lotus
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a white or pink flower that grows on the surface of lakes in Asia and Africa, or the shape of this flower used in decorations:\n  2 a fruit that gives you a pleasant dreamy feeling after you eat it, according to Ancient Greek stories:


Words: lotus position
Meaning:
n [singular]   a way of sitting, used especially in yoga, in which you sit with your legs crossed and with each foot resting on the top of the opposite leg//  --monks sitting in the lotus position//


Words: loud
Meaning:
adj   comparative  louder superlative  loudest //  [Language: Old English; Origin: hlud]//\n  1 making a lot of noise:  → quiet//  --The book fell to the floor with a loud bang.//  --The music was so loud that I had to shout.//  --’Who’s there?’ asked David in a loud voice.//\n  2 someone who is loud talks too loudly and confidently:  --The more Tom drank, the louder he became.//\n  3 loud clothes are too bright or have too many bright patterns:   garish, gaudy//  --a loud checked suit//\n  4  be loud in your praise/opposition/support etc:  to express your approval or disapproval very strongly//  --The local business community was loud in its support for the scheme.//  -- loudly adv //  --Ben laughed loudly.//  --She spoke more loudly than she intended.//  -- loudness n  [U] //  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: loud //  similar words: noisy,  booming,  raucous,  rowdy //  extremely loud: deafening,  earsplitting,  thunderous //  ----------//\nloud 2 adv   comparative  louder superlative  loudest //\n  1  spoken in a way that makes a lot of noise:   loudly//  --Could you speak a little louder?//  --You’ve got the telly on too loud.//\n  2  loud and clear:  in a way that is very easy to understand//  --The message came through loud and clear.//\n  3  out loud:  in such a way that people can hear you//   aloud//  --Read it out loud, so we can all hear.//  --Harriet laughed out loud in astonishment.//    actions speak louder than words at action1 (13)//    for crying out loud at cry1 (4)//


Words: loudhailer
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a piece of equipment with a microphone, that you can hold in your hand and speak through to make your voice louder//   megaphone//  American Equivalent:  bullhorn//


Words: loudmouth
Meaning:
n [C]  not polite   someone who talks too much and says offensive or stupid things//  -- loudmouthed/la[hA35E]dma[hA35E][hA35F]t/ adj //  --loudmouthed sports fans//


Words: loudspeaker
Meaning:
n [C]   1 a piece of equipment used to make sounds louder//  from/over/through a loudspeaker//  --The voice over the loudspeaker (=using the loudspeaker) said the flight was delayed.//\n  2 a speaker(3):


Words: Louis
Meaning:
Joe   (1914-81) a US  boxer, known as ’the Brown Bomber’, who was world  heavyweight Champion from 1937 to 1949, which is the longest time that any boxer has held this title//


Words: Louis XIV
Meaning:
(1638-1715) the King of France from 1643 to 1715. He was the called the ’Sun King’ and his  court at Versailles was very beautiful and expensively decorated. He supported important artists and writers, and people think of the time when he was King as a great period in French history.//


Words: Louis XVI
Meaning:
(1754-93) the King of France from 1774 to 1792. He and his wife  Marie Antoinette were put in prison during the  French Revolution, and were killed by having their heads cut off by the  guillotine.//


Words: Louise
Meaning:
Lake   a lake in the Rocky Mountains near Banff, Alberta, Canada, which is a popular place for tourists because of its beautiful blue-green colour and the surrounding mountains//


Words: Louisiana Purchase
Meaning:
the Louisiana Purchase//  the area of land which the US bought from France in 1803. It covered the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains and between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico. The Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of the US.//


Words: Louisville
Meaning:
a city in North Kentucky on the Ohio River. The  Kentucky Derby, an important horse race, is held there each year and  Fort Knox, the building which holds the US Government’s gold store, is nearby.//


Words: lounge
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a waiting room at an airport:  --the departure lounge //\n  2 a public room in a hotel or other building, that is used by many people as a place to relax:  --the television lounge//\n  3  BrE the main room in a house where people relax, watch television etc:   living room//\n  4  BrE a lounge bar:\n  5  AmE a cocktail bar:    cocktail lounge,  sun lounge//\nlounge 2 v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps copying slow movement]//\n  1 [always + adverb/preposition] to stand, sit, or lie in a lazy or relaxed way:  --Nathan was lounging on the grass bank outside the cottage.//\n  2  lounge around:  lounge about  BrE to spend time relaxing and doing nothing, often when you should be doing something//   laze around//  --James does nothing but lounge around the apartment.//


Words: lounge suit
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  old-fashioned   a suit that a man wears during the day, especially to work in an office//


Words: Lourdes
Meaning:
a small town in southwest France where Roman Catholics believe that Saint  Bernadette saw the Virgin  Mary appear. They consider Lourdes to be a holy place, and many sick people go there because they believe that the water there is holy and has the power to cure them.//


Words: louse
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: lus]//\n  1 :  plural  lice /la[hA366]s/a small insect that lives on the hair or skin of people or animals//\n  2 :  plural  louses  informal someone who is nasty and unpleasant//\nlouse 2 v   louse up [louse sth → up] phr v//  to make something worse rather than better, or to spoil something//   mess up//  --That idiot loused up my chance of promotion.//


Words: lousy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  lousier superlative  lousiest //\n  1  especially spoken of very bad quality:   awful, terrible//  --What lousy weather!//  --The food was lousy.//  --a lousy film//\n  2  spoken  feel lousy:  if you feel lousy, you feel ill//\n  3  spoken not very good at doing something:   hopeless, terrible//  lousy at/with//  --I’m lousy at tennis.//  --Brenda’s lousy with kids.//  --a lousy teacher//\n  4  spoken small, useless, or unimportant:  --He left me a lousy fifty cent tip.//\n  5  be lousy with sth:   AmE  old-fashioned //  a) a place that is lousy with people of a particular kind is too full of them//  --The town was lousy with tourists.//  b) someone who is lousy with money has a lot more of it than they need//


Words: lout
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old Norse lutr  ’bent down’]//  a rude, violent man//   yob//  -- loutish adj //  --loutish behaviour//  -- loutishly adv //  -- loutishness n  [U] //    lager lout//


Words: Louvre
Meaning:
the Louvre//  the most famous French  museum, which is in Paris and has many important paintings, including the  Mona Lisa, and statues, including ’Nike’ or the ’Winged Victory’//


Words: louvre
Meaning:
BrE  louver AmE   n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: lover]//\n  1 a narrow piece of wood, glass etc in a door or window, that slopes towards the outside to let some light in and keep rain or strong sun out:\n  2  louvre window/door:   BrE a door or window made of these pieces of wood, glass etc//  -- louvred adj //  --louvred shutters//


Words: love
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 romantic attraction:\n   2 care about:\n   3 like/enjoy:\n   4 loyalty:\n   5 I love it!:\n   6 somebody’s going to love something:  ----------//\n  1 ROMANTIC ATTRACTION:   [T not in progressive] to have a strong feeling of affection for someone, combined with sexual attraction//  --I love you, Tracy.//  --He was the only man she had ever loved.//\n  2 CARE ABOUT:   [T not in progressive] to care very much about someone, especially a member of your family or a close friend//  --I love my grandad so much.//  --I’ve always loved children.//  much-loved/well-loved //  --In 1941, her much-loved sister was killed in an accident.//  --Many people feel guilty after the death of a loved one .//\n  3 LIKE/ENJOY:   [T] to like something very much or enjoy doing something very much//  --I love carrots.//  --Jeff loves his work.//  --I love the way she sings that song.//  --Amy had always loved New York.//  love doing sth//  --I love going out to restaurants.//  love to do sth//  --We all love to talk about ourselves.//  I’d love to (do sth)  spoken  (=used to say that you would really like to do something) //  --’Would you like to come swimming with us?’ ’I’d love to.’//  --I’d have loved to have stayed till the end.//  --I’d love to know just why they did that.//\n  4 LOYALTY:   [T not in progressive] to have a strong feeling of loyalty to your country, an institution etc//  --Dad’s always loved the navy.//\n  5  I love it!:   spoken used when you are amused by something, especially by someone else’s mistake or bad luck//  --’And then her boyfriend walked in and saw her kissing Ray.’ ’I love it!’//\n  6  sb’s going to love sth:   spoken //  a) used to say that someone will enjoy something//  --Listen guys, you’re going to love this.//  b) used to say that someone will not be pleased about something//  --I’m going to love telling him we’ve changed our minds again.//    lover//\nlove 2 n   ----------//\n   1 for family/friends:\n   2 romantic:\n   3 person you love:\n   4 pleasure/enjoyment:\n   5 make love (to/with somebody):\n   6 send/give your love (to somebody):\n   7 love (from somebody)/lots of love/all my love:\n   8 (my) love:\n   9 be a love and ... / ... there’s a love:\n  10 there is no love lost between somebody and somebody:\n  11 tennis:\n  12 not for love or/nor money:\n  13 love triangle:\n  14 for the love of God:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: lufu]//\n  1 FOR FAMILY/FRIENDS:   [U] a strong feeling of caring about someone, especially a member of your family or a close friend//  → hate, hatred//  --What these kids need is love and support.//  love for//  --a mother’s love for her child//\n  2 ROMANTIC:   [U] a strong feeling of liking someone a lot combined with sexual attraction//  love for//  --Their love for each other grew deeper every day.//  be/fall in love (with sb) //  --I think I’m falling in love with Tom.//  very much in love/madly in love/head over heels in love //  --Tara is madly in love with you.//  --When Lynne met Derek, it was love at first sight  (=they loved each other the first time they saw each other) .//  --a beautiful love song  (=a song about romantic love) //  --It’s a love story  (=a book, film etc about romantic love) .//  true love (=strong romantic love that remains for ever) //\n  3 PERSON YOU LOVE:   [C] someone that you feel a strong romantic and sexual attraction to//  --He was her first love .//  the love of your life (=the person that you feel or felt the most love for) //\n  4 PLEASURE/ENJOYMENT:  a)  [singular, U] a strong feeling of pleasure and enjoyment that something gives you//  love of/for//  --my love of nature//  --He had a great love of music.//  --I fell in love with Amsterdam the very first time I visited the city.//  b)  [C] something that gives you a lot of pleasure and enjoyment//  --Sailing was her great love.//\n  5  make love (to/with sb):  a) to have sex with someone that you love//  b)  old use to say loving things to someone, to kiss them etc//\n  6  send/give your love (to sb):   or send/give sb your love //  to ask someone to give your loving greetings to someone else when they see them, write to them etc//  --Aunt Mary sends her love.//\n  7  love (from sb)/lots of love/all my love:   written used at the end of a letter to a friend, a member of your family, or someone you love//  --See you soon. Lots of love, Clare.//\n  8  (my) love:   BrE  spoken  informal //  a) a word used when you are talking to someone you love//   darling//  --’Hello, love,’ said her father.//  b) a friendly way of talking to someone who you do not know, especially to a woman or child. Many women consider this to be impolite or offensive//  --What’s your name, love?//\n  9  be a love and ... / ... there’s a love:   BrE  spoken used when you are asking someone, especially children and members of your family, to do something//  --Give these to your sisters, there’s a love.//\n  10  there is no love lost between sb and sb:  if there is no love lost between two people, they dislike each other//\n  11 TENNIS:   [U] an expression meaning ’no points’, used in the game of tennis//\n  12  not for love or/nor money:   informal if you cannot get something or do something for love or money, it is impossible to obtain or to do//  --I can’t get hold of that book for love nor money.//\n  13  love triangle:  a situation in which someone is having a sexual relationship with the partner of a close friend - used especially in newspapers//\n  14  for the love of God:   old-fashioned  spoken used to show that you are extremely angry, disappointed etc//    a labour of love at labour1 (4)//


Words: love affair
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a romantic sexual relationship, usually between two people who are not married to each other:    affair(3)//\n  2 a strong enjoyment of something:  love affair with//  --America’s love affair with the automobile//


Words: love bite
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a red mark on someone’s skin caused by someone else sucking it as a sexual act//  American Equivalent:  hickey//


Words: love nest
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]   a place where two people who are having a romantic relationship live or meet each other - used humorously//


Words: love seat
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  AmE a small sofa for two people:\n  2 a seat in the shape of an S for two people, designed so that they can face each other:


Words: Love’s Labour’s Lost
Meaning:
a humorous play by William  Shakespeare in which a king and three of his friends promise to study and not become involved with women. However, they meet a princess and her friends, and fall in love with them, so that they are unable to do what they intended.//


Words: love-hate relationship
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]   if you have a love-hate relationship with someone or something, sometimes you really like or love them, and sometimes you really dislike or hate them//  love-hate relationship with//  --her love-hate relationship with professional golf//


Words: lovebird
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  lovebirds [plural] two people who show by their behaviour that they love each other very much - used humorously:\n  2 a small brightly coloured parrot:


Words: loved-up
Meaning:
adj  informal \n  1 feeling full of romantic love for someone:\n  2 feeling full of love towards everyone, especially as a result of using the illegal drug ecstasy:  --loved-up clubbers having a ball//


Words: lovelorn
Meaning:
adj  literary   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: love +  lorn, old past participle of  lose]//  sad because the person you love does not love you//   lovesick//


Words: lovely
Meaning:
W3S2   adj   comparative  lovelier superlative  loveliest //\n  1  especially BrE beautiful or attractive:  --She had a lovely face.//  --What a lovely house!//  --You look lovely in that dress.//  --He was a lovely little boy.//  --What a lovely day!//\n  2  spoken  especially BrE very pleasant, enjoyable, or good:  --Thank you for a lovely evening.//  --That was a lovely cup of tea.//\n  3  informal  especially BrE friendly and pleasant:  --Richard’s a lovely person.//\n  4  BrE  spoken used to say that something is not at all enjoyable or good:  --’The cat threw up all over the carpet!’ ’Lovely!’//  --You’ve made a lovely mess in here.//\n  5  lovely and warm/fresh/clean etc:   BrE  spoken used to emphasize how good something is//  --This bread’s lovely and fresh.//\n  6  BrE  spoken used to show that you are pleased with something:  --Push it right across. That’s it, lovely.//  -- loveliness n  [U] //


Words: lover
Meaning:
W3   n [C] \n  1 someone’s lover is the person they are having a sexual relationship with but who they are not married to:    mistress//  --He killed his wife’s lover.//  --Nicola and I were lovers.//  --a pair of young lovers //\n  2 someone who likes something very much:  -- music lovers //  -- animal lovers //  lover of//  --lovers of the outdoors//


Words: lovesick
Meaning:
adj   spending all your time thinking about someone you love, especially someone who does not love you//  --a lovesick teenager//


Words: lovey
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  spoken  informal   a word used to address a woman or child, that many women think is offensive//    luvvie//


Words: loving
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [only before noun] behaving in a way that shows you love someone:  loving wife/family/parents etc //  --the confidence he had gained from having a warm and loving family//  --What that child needs is plenty of loving care .//  --He’s very loving and affectionate with his sister.//\n  2  peace-loving/fun-loving/home-loving etc:  thinking that peace, having fun etc is very important//  --a peace-loving nation//\n  3 done with a lot of care and attention:  --the loving care with which the house has been restored//  -- lovingly adv //  --She smiled at him lovingly.//  --the plane he had lovingly built//


Words: low
Meaning:
adj   comparative  lower superlative  lowest //  ----------//\n   1 small amount/level/value:\n   2 height:\n   3 standards/quality:\n   4 supply:\n   5 sound:\n   6 light:\n   7 heat:\n   8 battery:\n   9 clothes:\n  10 unhappy:  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lagr]//\n  1 SMALL AMOUNT/LEVEL/VALUE:  a) small, or smaller than usual, in amount, level, or value//  → high//  low income/pay/wages //  --families existing on very low incomes//  --In May, the price of cocoa fell to its lowest level since 1975-76.//  --Morale has been low since the latest round of job-cuts.//  --In this sort of investment, the risks are fairly low.//  --low temperatures//  --the need for low-cost housing//  --a low-security prison//  b)  low in sth//  having less than the usual amount of a substance or chemical//  → high//  --food that is low in calories//  low-fat/low-salt etc //  --low-alcohol beer//  c)  in the low 20s/50s etc//  if a number, temperature, or level is in the low 20s, 30s etc, it is between 21 and 23, 31 and 33 etc//  --Tonight, temperatures in most areas will be in the low 50s.//  high, low//\n  2 HEIGHT:  a) having a top that is not far above the ground//  → high//  --a low wall//  --a long low building//  b) at a point that is not far above the ground or near the bottom of something//  → high//  --low clouds//  --The sun was low in the sky now.//  --Store raw meat on the lowest shelf.//  c) below the usual height//  → high//  --a low bridge//  --a low ceiling//  --The river is very low today.//\n  3 STANDARDS/QUALITY:  bad, or below an acceptable or usual level or quality//   poor//  → high//  --Their safety standards seem to be pretty low.//  --Cost-cutting has led to a lower quality of service.//  --the children’s low achievement in school//\n  4 SUPPLY:  if you are low on something, or if your supply of something is low, there is not much of it left//  be/get/run low (on sth) //  --We’re running low on gas.//  --Stocks are getting low.//\n  5 SOUND:  a low voice or sound is quiet or deep//  --I heard a low moaning noise.//  --The volume is too low - turn it up.//  --a low whisper//\n  6 LIGHT:  a light that is low is not bright//   dim//  --Use low lighting to give the room a romantic atmosphere.//\n  7 HEAT:  if you cook something over a low heat or in a low oven, you cook it using only a small amount of heat//  → high//\n  8 BATTERY:  a battery that is low does not have much power left in it//\n  9 CLOTHES:  a low dress, blouse etc does not cover your neck and the top of your chest//    low-cut//\n  10 UNHAPPY:   [not before noun] unhappy and without much hope for the future//   depressed//  --He was feeling a bit low, so I did my best to cheer him up.//  --Terry seems to be in rather low spirits today.//    be at a low ebb at ebb1 (2)//  -- lowness n  [U] //\nlow 2 adv   comparative  lower superlative  lowest //\n  1 in or to a low position or level:  --He bent low over the engine.//  --She pulled her hat low down over her eyes.//  --I had the radio on low.//\n  2 near the ground or the bottom of something:  --That plane’s flying too low!//  --There was a hole low down in the hedge.//\n  3 if you play or sing musical notes low, you play or sing them with deep notes:  --Sing those bars an octave lower.//\n  4  be brought low:   old-fashioned to become much less rich or important//    search/look high and low at high2 (6)//    lay sb low at lay2 (20)//    lie low at lie1 (7)//\nlow 3 n [C] \n  1 a low price, level, or value:  → high//  fall to/hit/reach etc a new low (=be worth less than ever before) //  --The euro has fallen to a new low against the dollar.//  --Public confidence in the legal system is at an all-time low  (=much lower or worse than ever before) .//\n  2 a very difficult time in someone’s personal or working life:  highs and lows (of sth) (=good times and bad times) //  --the highs and lows of an actor’s life//\n  3 :  a) the lowest point that the temperature reaches during a particular time//  → high//  --The overnight low will be 8[hA131] C.//  b) an area of low pressure in the air//  → high//  --a low moving in over the Pacific//\n  4  the lowest of the low:  a)  informal someone you think is completely unfair, cruel, immoral etc//  b) someone from a low social class - often used humorously//\nlow 4 v [I]  literary   [Language: Old English; Origin: hlowan]//  if cattle low, they make a deep sound//


Words: Low Church
Meaning:
n [U]   the part of the Church of England that believes in the importance of faith and studying the bible rather than in religious ceremonies//    High Church//


Words: Low Countries
Meaning:
the   another name for the Netherlands, a country in northwestern Europe, bordered by Belgium, Germany and the North Sea. It is called the Low Countries because the land is mostly flat, and some parts are below sea level.//


Words: low life
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] the life and behaviour of people who are involved in criminal or immoral activities:  --a novel about low life in Chicago in the 1930s//\n  2  also  lowlife:   [C]  AmE  informal someone who is involved in crime or who is bad//  --Pete turned out to be a real lowlife.//  -- lowlife/l[hA353][hA35E]laif $ lo[hA35E]-/ adj  AmE  informal //  --Charlie may be lowlife, but he isn’t stupid.//


Words: low point
Meaning:
n [C ]   the worst moment of a situation or activity//  → high point//  --The low point in my life was when I was hit by a drunk driver.//


Words: low profile
Meaning:
n   keep a low profile//  to not go to places or be careful not to do anything that will attract attention to yourself or your actions//  → high profile//  --He’s not the sort of politician to keep a low profile for long.//


Words: low season
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   the time of year when fewer people are on holiday and there is less business for hotels etc, and prices are usually lower than normal//   off-season//  → high season//


Words: low tide
Meaning:
n [U and C]   the time when sea water is at its lowest level//  → high tide//  --You can walk across to the island at low tide.//


Words: low water mark
Meaning:
n [C]   a mark showing the lowest level reached by a river or other area of water//    high water mark//


Words: low-class
Meaning:
adj \n  1  old-fashioned  working class:  → high-class//  --a low-class bar//\n  2 not good quality:  → high-class//


Words: low-end
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]  especially AmE   relating to products or services that are less expensive and of lower quality than other products of the same type//  → high-end//  --low-end desktop computers//


Words: low-key
Meaning:
adj   not intended to attract a lot of attention to an event, subject, or thing//  --They want the funeral to be as low-key as possible.//  --a low-key military operation//


Words: low-level
Meaning:
adj \n  1 close to the ground:  --low-level bombing attacks on military targets//\n  2 relating to people who are not in powerful positions or jobs:  → high-level//  --routine, low-level, clerical tasks//\n  3 at a low degree or strength:  → high-level//  --a low-level tension headache//\n  4 a low-level computer language is used to give instructions to a computer and is similar to the language that the computer operates in:  → high-level//


Words: low-lying
Meaning:
adj   low-lying land is not far above the level of the sea//  --Vast areas of low-lying land have been flooded.//


Words: low-paid
Meaning:
adj   providing or earning only a small amount of money//  --As part-time, low-paid workers, the women earned very little.//


Words: low-pitched
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a low pitched musical note or sound is deep:  → high-pitched//  --the low-pitched hum of the generator//\n  2  low pitched roof:  a roof that is not steep//


Words: low-profile
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [usually before noun] not receiving or wanting any attention:  → high-profile//  --The US took a very low-profile role in the talks.//\n  2 [only before noun]  BrE designed to be lower than other things of the same type:  --low-profile tyres//


Words: low-risk
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   likely to be safe or without problems//  → high-risk//  --low-risk investments//


Words: low-tech
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  tech from  technology]//  not using the most modern machines or methods in business or industry//  → high-tech//  --He made low-tech, budget space movies.//


Words: lowbrow
Meaning:
adj   lowbrow entertainment, newspapers, books etc are easy to understand and are not concerned with serious ideas about art, culture etc - used to show disapproval//  → highbrow//


Words: lowdown
Meaning:
n   the lowdown (on sth/sb)//   informal the most important facts about something//  --Ryan gave me the lowdown on the meeting.//


Words: Lowell
Meaning:
Robert   (1917-77) a US poet and writer of plays, who was also concerned about social questions and opposed to the  Vietnam War. Two of his most famous poems are  The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket and  Colloquy in Black Rock.//


Words: lower
Meaning:
adj \n  1 [only before noun] below something else, especially below something of the same type:  → upper//  --Nina chewed her lower lip anxiously.//  --Ruth went down to the lower deck (=lower level on a ship) .//  your lower limbs (=your legs) //\n  2 [only before noun] at or near the bottom of something:  → upper//  --the lower slopes of the mountain//  --She suffers with pain in her lower back.//\n  3 smaller in number or amount:  → higher//  --Temperatures will be lower over the weekend.//\n  4 [only before noun] less important than something else of the same type:  → higher//  --the lower levels of management//\nlower 2 S3 v   ----------//\n   1 reduce:\n   2 move down:\n   3 lower your eyes/head:\n   4 lower yourself:\n   5 lower the tone (of something):  ----------//\n  1 REDUCE:   [I and T] to reduce something in amount, degree, strength etc, or to become less//  --Do you think we should lower the price?//  --After 20 minutes lower the temperature to 325[hA131].//  --drugs to lower blood pressure//  --Helen lowered her voice  (=made it quieter) as they approached.//  --His voice lowered  (=became quieter) .//\n  2 MOVE DOWN:   [T] to move something down from higher up//  → raise//  --Very gently, he lowered the dog onto the rug by the fire.//  --The flags were lowered to half-mast.//  --Greg watched as the coffin was lowered.//  lower yourself//  --He lowered himself carefully down from the top of the wall.//\n  3  lower your eyes/head:  to look down//  → raise//  --Christina blushed and lowered her eyes.//\n  4  lower yourself [usually in negatives] to behave in a way that makes people respect you less:  --I wouldn’t lower myself to speak to her after what she’s done.//\n  5  lower the tone (of sth):  to make something not as nice as it was//  --They thought an influx of students would lower the tone of the neighborhood.//  --Trust you to lower the tone of the conversation (=include rude jokes etc in what you say) !//  -- lowered adj //  --He leaned forward and spoke in a lowered voice.//\nlower 3  also  lour BrE   v [I]  literary \n  1 when the sky or the weather lowers, it becomes dark because there is going to be a storm:   darken//  --lowering clouds//\n  2 to look threatening or annoyed:   frown//  --The other driver lowered at us as we passed him.//


Words: lower case
Meaning:
n [U]   letters in their small forms, such as a, b, c etc//  → upper case//    capital//  -- lower case adj //  --lower case letters//


Words: lower class
Meaning:
n [C]  also lower classes  [plural]    old-fashioned the social class that has less money, power, or education than anyone else. This is now considered offensive//    working class, middle class, upper class//  -- lower-class adj //


Words: Lower East Side
Meaning:
also the East Side   the Lower East Side//  the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City, which used to be a poor part of the city, but is now a fashionable place for artists and writers to live//


Words: Lower House
Meaning:
also Lower Chamber  n [singular]   a group of elected representatives who make laws in a country, for example the House of Commons in Britain or the House of Representatives in the US//    upper house//


Words: lower orders
Meaning:
n  old-fashioned   the lower orders//  an offensive expression for working class people considered as a group//


Words: lowest common denominator
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1 the biggest possible number of people, including people who are very easily influenced or are willing to accept low standards:  --Television quiz shows often seem to target the lowest common denominator.//\n  2  technical the smallest number that the bottom numbers of a group of fractions can be divided into exactly:    denominator//


Words: Lowlands
Meaning:
the Lowlands//  the central part of Scotland which is lower than the land surrounding it//    Highlands//


Words: lowlands
Meaning:
n [plural]   an area of land that is lower than the land around it//    highlands//  --the Scottish lowlands//  -- lowland adj  [only before noun] //  --a wild lowland landscape//  --lowland farmers//  -- lowlander n  [C] //


Words: lowlights
Meaning:
n [plural]   a dark colour that can be used to change the natural colour of some of your hair//    highlights//


Words: lowly
Meaning:
adj   low in rank, importance, or social class - sometimes used humorously//   humble//  --He was a lowly assistant gardener.//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Lowly is never an adverb. Low is used as an adverb as well as an adjective. //  ----------//


Words: Lowry
Meaning:
L. S.   (1887-1976) a British painter known for his scenes from the industrial North of England showing factories and crowds of small thin people (called matchstick men) rushing about. He used a very simple style of painting, and he especially combined the use of white and grey.//


Words: lox
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Yiddish; Origin: laks, from  Middle High German lahs  ’salmon’]//   especially  AmE  salmon that has been treated with smoke in order to preserve it//


Words: loyal
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: leial,  leel, from  Latin legalis;   LEGAL]//  always supporting your friends, principles, country etc//  → disloyal//  loyal to//  --The army has remained loyal to the government.//  --a loyal supporter of the team//  --her many years of loyal service to the company//  --loyal customers//  -- loyally adv //  --He has always loyally defended the president.//


Words: Loyalist
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a Protestant in Northern Ireland who believes that it should remain part of the UK. The people who want Northern Ireland to become part of the Republic of Ireland are called ’Republicans’ or ’Nationalists’.:\n  2 someone who was loyal to the royal family during the English Civil War:\n  3 someone who supported the elected government during the Spanish Civil War:\n  4 someone who fought with the British during the American Revolutionary War:\n  5 someone who supported the Union during the American Civil War:  -- Loyalist adj //  --the Loyalist flag//


Words: loyalist
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who continues to support a government or country, especially during a period of change:\n  2  Loyalist:  someone from Northern Ireland who believes that Northern Ireland should remain part of the United Kingdom, and not become pare of the Republic of Ireland//    Republican//  -- loyalist adj //


Words: loyalty
Meaning:
n   plural  loyalties //\n  1 [U] the quality of remaining faithful to your friends, principles, country etc:  loyalty to/towards//  --Elizabeth understood her husband’s loyalty to his sister.//\n  2 [C usually plural] a feeling of support for someone or something:  local/regional/tribal/family etc loyalty/loyalties //  --In the rural areas, family and tribal loyalties continue to be important.//  --the agony of divided loyalties  (=loyalty to two different or opposing people) for the children in a divorce//


Words: loyalty card
Meaning:
n [C]   a card given by a shop,  supermarket, etc that gives customers who often buy things there advantages such as lower prices, money back on goods etc//


Words: lozenge
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: losange]//\n  1 a small flat sweet, especially one that contains medicine:  --a cough lozenge//\n  2 a shape similar to a square, with two angles of less than 90[hA131] opposite each other and two angles of more than 90[hA131] opposite each other:


Words: LP
Meaning:
n [C]   long-playing record a record that turns 33 times per minute, and usually plays for between 20 and 25 minutes on each side//   album//    single, CD//


Words: LPG
Meaning:
n  also LP gas  [U]   liquefied petroleum gas a type of liquid fuel that is burned to produce heat or power//


Words: LRP
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   lead replacement petrol a special type of petrol that does not contain lead and is meant to be used in older cars//


Words: LSAT
Meaning:
Law School Admissions Test an examination which must be passed by all students who want to attend a law school in the US//


Words: LSD
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: lysergic acid diethylamide]//  an illegal drug that makes you see things as more beautiful, strange, frightening etc than usual, or makes you see things that do not exist//   acid//


Words: Ltd
Meaning:
the written abbreviation of limited , used in the names of companies or businesses//    Inc., plc//  --M. Dixon & Son Ltd//


Words: lubricant
Meaning:
n [U and C]   a substance such as oil that you put on surfaces that rub together, especially parts of a machine, in order to make them move smoothly and easily//


Words: lubricate
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  lubricare, from  lubricus  ’slippery’]//\n  1 to put a lubricant on something in order to make it move more smoothly:  --Lubricate all moving parts with grease.//\n  2  informal to help things to happen without any problems:  --Vic’s working day is lubricated by endless cups of coffee.//  -- lubrication/lu[hA359]br[hA366]ke[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U] //


Words: lubricious
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: lubricus;   LUBRICATE]//  too interested in sex, in a way that seems unpleasant or unacceptable//  -- lubriciously adv //


Words: Lucas
Meaning:
George   (1944- ) a US film  director,  producer, and film writer, who is most famous for making the  Star Wars films. He also worked with Steven  Spielberg to make  Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and two other films about the character Indiana  Jones.//


Words: lucid
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: lucidus]//\n  1 expressed in a way that is clear and easy to understand:  --You must write in a clear and lucid style.//\n  2 able to understand and think clearly, used especially about someone who is not always able to do this:  --In her more lucid moments the old lady would talk about her past.//  -- lucidly adv //  --He was lucidly aware of political realities.//  -- lucidity/lu[hA359]s[hA366]d[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: luck
Meaning:
W3S2   n [U]   ----------//\n   1 success:\n   2 bad luck:\n   3 chance:\n   4 with (any) luck/with a bit of luck:\n   5 wish somebody (the best of) luck:\n   6 good luck/best of luck:\n   7 good luck to somebody:\n   8 any luck?/no luck?:\n   9 be in luck:\n  10 be out of luck:\n  11 do something for luck:\n  12 just my luck:\n  13 no such luck:\n  14 better luck next time:\n  15 as luck would have it:\n  16 try/chance your luck:\n  17 be down on your luck:\n  18 the luck of the draw:\n  19 some people have all the luck:\n  20 bad/hard/tough luck:\n  21 with/knowing somebody’s luck:\n  22 worse luck:\n  23 luck is on somebody’s side:\n  24 (one) for luck:  ----------//  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: luk]//\n  1 SUCCESS:   also good luck //  good things that happen to you by chance//  --You’re not having much luck today, are you?//  -- Owen has  had no luck  with job-hunting. //  --He’s  had good luck  with his roses this year.//  --We had the luck to find good childcare quite quickly.//  --I couldn’t believe my luck  when he showed an interest in me. //  --It was sheer luck that we were saved from drowning.//  -- It was an incredible  piece of luck . //  -- By  a stroke of luck , she had spotted the book on a colleague’s bookshelf. //  -- Often there is  an element of luck  in getting the right answer.//  --It was just dumb luck that no one got hurt. see usage note  chance1 //\n  2  bad luck:  the bad things that happen to someone by chance, not because of something they did//  --Bad luck seems to follow me everywhere.//  --I’ve had nothing but bad luck since I moved to this town.//  --Lend me some money; I’ve had a run of bad luck  (=a series of bad things happened) on the horses recently,//\n  3 CHANCE:  when good or bad things happen to people by chance//  --You never know who you’ll get as a roommate; it’s just a matter of luck .//  --Roulette is a game of luck. see usage note  chance1 //\n  4  with (any) luck/with a bit of luck:   spoken if things happen in the way that you want//   hopefully//  --With a bit of luck, you might get a flight tomorrow.//\n  5  wish sb (the best of) luck:  to tell someone that you hope they will be successful in something they are going to do//  --She wished me luck in the exam, then left.//\n  6  good luck/best of luck:   spoken used to tell someone that you hope they will be successful in something they are going to do//  --Good luck in this enormous project you are undertaking.//\n  7  good luck to sb:   spoken used to say that you do not mind what someone does, because it does not affect you//  --I say, good luck to him.//\n  8  any luck?/no luck?:   spoken used to ask someone if they have succeeded in doing something//  --’Oh, there you are. Any luck?’ ’No, I didn’t catch a single fish.’//\n  9  be in luck:  to be able to do or get something, especially when you did not expect to//  --You’re in luck - it’s stopped snowing.//\n  10  be out of luck:  to be prevented from getting or doing something by bad luck//  --The team were out of luck again at Scarborough on Saturday.//\n  11  do sth for luck:  to do something because you think it might bring you good luck//  --She crossed her fingers for luck.//\n  12  just my luck:   spoken used to say that you are not surprised something bad has happened to you, because you are usually unlucky//  --I didn’t get to the phone in time. Just my luck!//\n  13  no such luck:   spoken used to say you are disappointed, because something good that you hoped would happen did not happen//  --’Have you Sunday off?’ ’No such luck.’//\n  14  better luck next time:  used to say that you hope someone will be more successful the next time they try to do something//\n  15  as luck would have it:  used to say that something happened by chance//  --As luck would have it, my best friend is the most wonderful cook in the world.//\n  16  try/chance your luck:  to do something because you hope you will be successful, even though you know you may not be//  --After the war my father went to Canada to try his luck at farming there.//\n  17  be down on your luck:  to have no money because you have had a lot of bad luck over a long period of time//  --When someone is down on their luck, friends are very difficult to find.//\n  18  the luck of the draw:  the result of chance rather than something you can control//\n  19  some people have all the luck:   spoken used to say that you wish you had what someone else has//\n  20  bad/hard/tough luck:   spoken especially  BrE used to express sympathy when something unpleasant has happened to someone//    tough luck at tough1 (7)//\n  21  with/knowing sb’s luck:   spoken used to say that you expect something bad to happen to someone because bad things often do happen to them//  --With my luck, I’d lose if I backed the only horse in a one horse race.//\n  22  worse luck:   BrE  spoken unfortunately//  --’Would your boyfriend like a drink?’ ’He’s not my boyfriend, worse luck!’//\n  23  luck is on sb’s side:  if luck is on someone’s side, things go well for them//  --Luck was on my side; all the traffic lights were green.//\n  24  (one) for luck:   spoken used when you take, add, or do something for no particular reason, or in order to say that you hope good things happen//    hard-luck story//    push your luck at push1 (12)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  not have much/any luck //  have no luck //  have good luck //  have more/better luck //  have the luck to do something //  can’t believe your luck //  sheer luck  (=used to emphasize something happened only by luck) //  a piece of luck //  a stroke of luck (=very good luck) //  an element of luck  (=used to say that luck is involved in something) //  dumb luck American English (=good luck that happens by chance, without you planning it at all) //  WORD CHOICE: luck, lucky //  !!  Do not say that someone ’has luck’. Say they  are lucky : I was lucky (NOT I had luck) and got to the airport just in time. |  You’re so lucky to live by the sea.  //  You can use ’have’ with  luck only when luck has something before it such as ’bad’, ’good’, ’much’, ’any’ ’a bit of’ etc : He’s had a lot of bad luck recently. |  Did you have any luck finding your bag? |  If we have a bit of luck, we’ll see her before she leaves. //  GRAMMAR//  !! luck  is an uncountable noun : Winning was mostly a matter of luck .  //  Do not say ’a luck’. To talk about one lucky event you can say  a piece of luck ,  a bit of luck , or  a stroke of luck : Seeing him at that moment was an amazing piece of luck (NOT an amazing luck). //  ----------//\nluck 2 v   luck out phr v//   AmE  informal to be lucky//  --Yeah, we really lucked out and got a parking space right in front.//


Words: luckily
Meaning:
S3   adv   [sentence adverb] used to say that it is good that something happened or was done because if it had not, the situation would be unpleasant or difficult//   fortunately//  --Luckily the museum was not damaged by the earthquake.//  luckily for sb//  --Luckily for them, he braked in time.//


Words: luckless
Meaning:
adj  literary   having no luck in something you are trying to do//   unfortunate//  --He died in the desert like so many other luckless explorers.//


Words: lucky
Meaning:
W3S2   adj   comparative  luckier superlative  luckiest //\n  1 having good luck:   fortunate//  → unlucky//  be lucky to do/be sth //  --The children were lucky to survive the fire which destroyed their home.//  lucky enough to do sth//  --those of us lucky enough to own our own homes//  lucky if//  --I’ll be lucky if I get any of my money back.//  lucky (that)//  --I was tremendously lucky that I didn’t die in the accident.//  lucky with//  --We’ve been very lucky with the weather.//  count/consider/think yourself lucky //  --Count yourself lucky you’ve got a husband like Jack. see usage note  luck1 //\n  2 resulting from good luck:  --I didn’t really know your name - it was just a lucky guess .//  --A middle-aged woman had a lucky escape when a tree crashed down onto her car.//  it is lucky (that)//  --It’s lucky that no-one was hurt.//\n  3 bringing good luck:  --a lucky charm//\n  4  lucky you/me etc:   spoken used to say that someone is fortunate to be able to do something//  --’My husband’s a rich man, and devoted to me.’ ’Lucky you.’//\n  5  be sb’s lucky day:   spoken used to say that something good and often unexpected will happen to someone//  --We’re going to win. I just know it’s our lucky day//\n  6  you’ll/you’d be lucky:   spoken used to tell someone that what they want probably will not happen//  --’[hA124]50 should be enough.’ ’You’ll be lucky!’//\n  7  I/you should be so lucky!:   spoken used to tell someone that what they want is not likely to happen, especially because it is unreasonable//  --You want three weeks holiday? You should be so lucky!//    strike it lucky at strike1 (19)//    thank your lucky stars at thank(3)//    third time lucky at third1 (2)//


Words: lucky dip
Meaning:
n  BrE \n  1 [C] a game in which you put your hand into a container filled with small objects, and choose one without looking:  American Equivalent:  grab bag//\n  2 [singular] a situation in which what happens depends on chance:   lottery//


Words: Lucky Jim
Meaning:
(1954) a humorous novel by Kingsley  Amis about a young college  lecturer, Jim Dixon, who has modern political and social ideas, and has a lot of problems with the rather old-fashioned people that he works with//


Words: Lucozade
Meaning:
trademark   a type of drink which contains  glucose and is said to give people energy when they have been playing sports or when they have been ill//


Words: lucrative
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: lucrativus, from  lucrari  ’to gain’, from  lucrum;   LUCRE]//  a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money//   profitable//  lucrative business/market/contract etc //  --He inherited a lucrative business from his father.//


Words: lucre
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: lucrum  ’gain’]//  filthy lucre//   informal money or wealth - used to show disapproval//


Words: Lucretius
Meaning:
(?99-55 BC) a Roman  philosopher and poet, whose long poem  De rerum natura (On the nature of things) discusses the nature of the universe//


Words: Luddite
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Ned  Ludd, 18th-century English worker who destroyed machines]//  someone who is opposed to using modern machines and methods//   technophobe//


Words: ludicrous
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: ludicrus  ’playful’, from  ludus  ’play’]//  completely unreasonable, stupid, or wrong//   ridiculous//  --It is ludicrous to suggest that I was driving under the influence of alcohol.//  --The court granted him the ludicrous sum of [hA124]100 in damages.//  --That’s a ludicrous idea.//  -- ludicrously adv //  --a ludicrously inadequate army//  -- ludicrousness n  [U] //


Words: lug
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  lugged present participle  lugging  [T]  informal //  [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//  to pull or carry something heavy with difficulty//  lug sth around/up/into/onto etc sth //  --It’s a huge book, not something you’d like to lug around.//  --She began to lug her suitcase up the stairs.//\nlug 2 n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  lunk;   LUNKHEAD]//\n  1 [usually plural] a part of something that sticks out and can be used as a handle or a support:\n  2  BrE  humorous an ear:   lughole//\n  3  AmE a rough, stupid, or awkward person:  --You big lug!//


Words: luge
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Swiss French; Origin: Medieval Latin sludia]//  a vehicle with blades instead of wheels on which you slide down a track made of ice as a sport//


Words: luggage
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  LUG1 +  -age (as in baggage)]//  the cases, bags etc that you carry when you are travelling//  American Equivalent:  baggage//  --They searched his luggage for illegal drugs.//


Words: luggage rack
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a shelf in a train, bus etc for putting luggage on:\n  2  AmE a special frame on top of a car that you tie luggage on:  British Equivalent:  roof rack//


Words: Lugosi
Meaning:
Bella   (1882-1956) a Hungarian born US actor, who became famous on Broadway for his role in  Dracula (1927), which was made into a film in 1931. He had a heavy accent and often appeared in frightening films.//


Words: lugubrious
Meaning:
adj  literary   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: lugubris, from  lugere  ’to be sad, mourn’]//  very sad and serious - sometimes used humorously//   melancholy, morose//  --his lugubrious tear-stained face//  -- lugubriously adv //


Words: Luke
Meaning:
Saint   one of Jesus Christ’s  disciples (=his close friends and followers) . According to Bible stories, he was a doctor who wrote  The Gospel according to St Luke, which describes the life and teaching of Jesus.//


Words: lukewarm
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: luke  ’lukewarm’ (13-19 centuries) (perhaps from  Old English hleow  ’warm’) +  warm]//\n  1 food, liquid etc that is lukewarm is slightly warm and often not as hot or cold as it should be:   tepid//  --She sipped some lukewarm coffee from her mug.//\n  2 not showing much interest or excitement:  --His idea got only a lukewarm response from the committee.//


Words: lull
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from the sound of someone singing to a baby]//\n  1 to make someone feel calm or as if they want to sleep:  --The hum of the tyres on the road lulled her to sleep.//\n  2 to make someone feel safe and confident so that they are completely surprised when something bad happens:  lull sb into (doing) sth//  --The police lulled me into believing that they did not suspect us.//  --Earthquakes here are rare and this has lulled people into a false sense of security  (=made people think they were safe when they were not) .//\nlull 2 n [C] \n  1 a short period of time when there is less activity or less noise than usual:  lull in//  --a brief lull in the conversation//  --a lull in the fighting//\n  2  the lull before the storm:  a short period of time when things are calm that is followed by a lot of activity, noise, or trouble//


Words: lullaby
Meaning:
n   plural  lullabies  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: lulla word used to make a child calm or sleepy  (15-18 centuries) +  bye word used to make a child sleepy  (15-20 centuries)]//  a slow, quiet song sung to children to make them go to sleep//


Words: lumbago
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: lumbus;   LUMBAR]//  pain in the lower part of the back//


Words: lumbar
Meaning:
adj  technical   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: lumbaris, from  Latin lumbus  ’lower back’]//  relating to the lower part of the back//  --pain in the lumbar region//


Words: lumber
Meaning:
v   [Sense: 1; Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from a  Scandinavian language.]//  [Sense: 2-3; Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  LUMBER2]//\n  1 [I always + adverb/preposition] to move in a slow, awkward way:  lumber up/towards/into/along etc//  --They lumbered along slowly.//  --A blue bus lumbered past.//\n  2 [T]  informal to give someone a job or responsibility that they do not want:  get/be lumbered with sth //  --A career was less easy once I was lumbered with a husband and children.//\n  3 [I]  AmE to cut down trees in a large area and prepare them to be sold:\nlumber 2 n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: lumber  ’disused furniture and other objects’ (16-21 centuries), perhaps from  lombard  ’shop where money is lent in exchange for objects’ (16-19 centuries)]//\n  1 pieces of wood used for building, that have been cut to specific lengths and widths:   timber//\n  2  BrE  informal large objects that are no longer useful or wanted:


Words: lumberjack
Meaning:
n [C]  old-fashioned   chainsaw, hard hat//  someone whose job is cutting down trees for wood//   logger//


Words: lumberman
Meaning:
n   plural  lumbermen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //  a person or company that cuts down large areas of trees in order to sell them for wood//


Words: Lumi[hA169]re Brothers
Meaning:
the   two French brothers, Auguste Lumi[hA169]re (1862-1954) and Louis Lumi[hA169]re (1864-1948) who, in 1895, produced the first camera that was also a  projector, and made the first cinema film,  Workers Leaving the Lumi[hA169]re Factory.//


Words: luminary
Meaning:
n   plural  luminaries  [C] //  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: luminaire  ’lamp’, from  Latin luminaria  ’window’, from  lumen;   LUMINOUS]//  someone who is very famous or highly respected for their skill at doing something or their knowledge of a particular subject//  --luminaries of Parisian society//


Words: luminescence
Meaning:
n [U]  technical  or  literary   a soft shining light//  --The moonlight gave everything a strange luminescence.//  -- luminescent adj //


Words: luminous
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: luminosus, from  lumen  ’light’]//\n  1 shining in the dark:  --luminous paint//  --Her large dark eyes were almost luminous.//\n  2 very brightly coloured, especially in green, pink, or yellow:   Day Glo//  --luminous green socks//  -- luminously adv //  -- luminosity/lu[hA359]m[hA369]n[hA361]s[hA369]ti $ -n[hA35A][hA359]-/ n  [U]  technical //  --the Sun’s luminosity//


Words: lump
Meaning:
S2   n [C] \n  1 a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape:  --Strain the custard to remove lumps.//  lump of//  --Melt a lump of butter in your frying-pan.//\n  2 a small hard swollen area that sticks out from someone’s skin or grows in their body, usually because of an illness:  --You should never ignore a breast lump.//\n  3 a small square block of sugar:  --One lump or two?//\n  4  a lump in/to sb’s throat:  a feeling that you want to cry//  --There was a lump in her throat as she gazed at the child.//\n  5  take your lumps:   AmE  informal to accept the bad things that happen and not let them affect you//  --According to experts, the company took its lumps but is on the road to profitability.//\n  6  BrE  spoken someone who is stupid or clumsy:  --He’s a big fat lump.//\nlump 2 v [T] \n  1  lump it:   informal to accept a situation or decision you do not like because you cannot change it//  --They’ve been told: take the lower interest rate, or lump it.//  --It’s the law so you can like it or lump it .//\n  2 to put two or more different people or things together and consider them as a single group, sometimes wrongly:  lump sth together//  --You can’t lump the symptoms together and blame them all on stress.//  lump sb/sth in with sb//  --The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that don’t.//


Words: lump sum
Meaning:
n [C]   an amount of money given in a single payment//  --When you retire you’ll get a lump sum of [hA124]80,000.//


Words: lumpectomy
Meaning:
n   plural  lumpectomies  [C] //  an operation in which a tumour is removed from someone’s body, especially from a woman’s breast//


Words: lumpen
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: lumpenproletariat  ’lowest part of the population’ (20-21 centuries), from  German, from  lump  ’dirty untidy person’ +  proletariat  ’proletariat’]//\n  1 relating to the poorest and least educated people from the working class:\n  2 large, heavy, and lumpy:  --Her body felt lumpen and awkward.//


Words: Lumumba
Meaning:
Patrice   (1925-61) a Congolese politician from the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Za[hA170]re), who was his country’s first Prime Minister after it became independent (1960). He was murdered by a political opponent.//


Words: lunacy
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: lunatic]//\n  1 a situation or behaviour that is completely crazy:   madness//  --It would be sheer lunacy to turn down a job offer like that.//\n  2  old-fashioned mental illness:


Words: lunar
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: lunaris, from  luna  ’moon’]//  relating to the moon or to travel to the moon//  --studies of the lunar surface//  --a lunar eclipse//


Words: lunatic
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: lunatique, from  Late Latin lunaticus, from  Latin luna (  LUNAR); because people thought mental illness was caused by the moon]//\n  1 someone who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way - often used humorously:  --This hotel is run by a lunatic!//\n  2  old-fashioned a very offensive word for someone who is mentally ill:  --a dangerous lunatic//\n  3  the lunatic fringe:   BrE the small group of people in a political group or organization who have the most extreme opinions or ideas//  -- lunatic adj  [only before noun] //  --lunatic behaviour//


Words: lunatic asylum
Meaning:
n [C]  old-fashioned   a hospital where people who are mentally ill are cared for. This word is now considered to be offensive.//


Words: lunch
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: luncheon]//\n  1 a meal eaten in the middle of the day:  --What’s for lunch ?//  --She ate  a small lunch before the meeting.//  --Perhaps we could have lunch before you go.//  -- I think I’ll  have  soup  for lunch . //  --The two women went out for lunch together.//  --Let’s break for lunch now.//  --I’m afraid he’s  at lunch  until two.//  -- I’ll  take  you  out to lunch  next time I’m in town. //  -- They’re having a  working lunch  in Mr Savil’s office. //  --A dozen senators met over lunch with the Chinese ambassador.//  -- The walk is expected to last all day so bring a  packed lunch . //  -- a cafe serving  light lunches  and snacks //  --The kids get a  hot lunch at school during the winter. see usage note  dinner//\n  2  there’s no (such thing as a) free lunch:  used to say that you cannot get anything without working for it or paying for it//\n  3  out to lunch:   informal behaving or talking in a strange or crazy way//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  eat (your) lunch //  have (your) lunch  (=eat lunch) //  have something for lunch  (=eat a particular food or dish at lunchtime) //  go out for lunch //  break for lunch (=stop doing something in order to eat lunch) //  be at lunch  (=not be in your place of work because you are somewhere else having lunch) //  take somebody (out) to lunch //  working lunch  (=a lunch during which you also do business) //  over lunch (=while eating lunch) //  packed lunch British English //  bag lunch American English (=food such as sandwiches that you take to work, school etc) //  light lunch  (=a small meal at lunchtime) //  hot lunch (=cooked food, rather than sandwiches) //  ----------//\nlunch 2 v  formal   [I] to eat lunch//  lunch with//  --I will be lunching with a client.//  lunch on//  --I lunched on bread and olives.//  lunch at/in//  --We lunched at Maxim’s.//


Words: lunch break
Meaning:
n [C]   the time in the middle of the day when people at work or at school stop working to eat lunch//


Words: lunch counter
Meaning:
n [C]  old-fashioned   a place that serves simple meals for lunch, or a small restaurant that is only open at lunchtime//


Words: lunch hour
Meaning:
n [C]   the period of time in the middle of the day when people stop working in order to eat//  --I did the shopping during my lunch hour.//


Words: luncheon
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: luncheon  ’large piece’ (15-19 centuries), from  lunch  ’piece (of food)’ (16-18 centuries), probably from  lump]//   formal lunch//


Words: luncheon voucher
Meaning:
n [C]   in Britain, a special ticket that can be used to pay for meals usually given to you by your employer//


Words: lunchtime
Meaning:
S3   n [U and C]   the time in the middle of the day when people usually eat their lunch//  at lunchtime//  --Some people prefer to eat their main meal at lunchtime.//  --a lunchtime drink//


Words: Lundy
Meaning:
1 a small island in the  Bristol Channel in southwest England, which has many wild flowers and birds, especially  puffins:\n  2 in  shipping forecasts, an area of water which includes the Bristol Channel and the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean between the Republic of Ireland and southwest England:


Words: lung
Meaning:
n [C]   artery, brain, fatty, tissue, heart, kidney, intestine, intestine2, small, large, liver, lung, muscles, stomach, vein, throat//  [Language: Old English; Origin:]//  one of the two organs in your body that you breathe with//  --Smoking can cause lung cancer.//    iron lung//


Words: lunge
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: allonger  ’to make longer, put (your arm) out’]//  to make a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack them//  lunge at/forward/towards/out etc//  --The goats lunged at each other with their horns.//  --John lunged forward and grabbed him by the throat.//  -- lunge n  [C] //  --Brad made a lunge towards his opponent, but missed.//


Words: lungful
Meaning:
n [C]   the amount of air, smoke etc that you breathe in at one time//  lungful of//  --Polly took in a lungful of crisp cool air.//


Words: lupus
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: ’wolf’; because people with the disease were thought to look as if they had been attacked by a wolf]//  one of several diseases that affect the skin and joints//


Words: lurch
Meaning:
v [I] \n  1 to walk or move suddenly in an uncontrolled or unsteady way:  lurch forward/to/towards/into etc//  --Sam hit the gas and the car lurched forward.//  --He lurched to his feet.//\n  2  your heart/stomach lurches:  used to say that your heart or stomach seems to move suddenly because you feel shocked, frightened etc//  --Virginia’s heart lurched painfully in her chest.//\n  3  lurch from one crisis/extreme etc to another:   also lurch from crisis to crisis //  to seem to have no plan and no control over what you are doing//  --The industry lurches from crisis to crisis.//\nlurch 2 n [C]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Origin unknown.]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: lurch  ’defeat in the card game cribbage’ (16-21 centuries), perhaps from early  French lourche a game similar to backgammon]//\n  1 a sudden movement:  --The train gave a violent lurch.//\n  2  leave sb in the lurch:  to leave someone at a time when you should stay and help them//


Words: lure
Meaning:
v [T] \n  1 to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or dangerous, by making it seem attractive or exciting:  lure sb into (doing) sth//  --People may be lured into buying tickets by clever advertising.//  lure sb away//  --Computer games are luring youngsters away from their lessons.//\n  2 to attract customers, workers, money etc from another company or place:  lure sb back/away//  --The bank launched an advertising campaign to lure back its traditional customers.//  --It’s very difficult to lure talent away from Silicon Valley.//\nlure 2 n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: luere]//\n  1 [usually singular] something that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this:  lure of//  --the lure of easy money//  --Malc wasn’t mature enough to resist the lure of drink and drugs.//\n  2 an object used to attract animals or fish so that they can be caught:   decoy//


Words: lurex
Meaning:
n [U]    trademark a type of thread that looks like metal, usually gold or silver, used in material for making clothes//  --gold lurex socks//


Words: lurid
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: luridus  ’pale yellow’, from  luror  ’pale yellow color’]//\n  1 a description, story etc that is lurid is deliberately shocking and involves sex or violence:   explicit//  --lurid headlines//  --He told me in lurid detail what would happen to me.//\n  2 too brightly coloured:   gaudy//  --a lurid orange dress//  -- luridly adv //


Words: lurk
Meaning:
v [I ]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  Probably from  Low German or a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1 to wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because you are going to do something wrong:  lurk in/behind/beneath/around etc//  --She didn’t see the figure lurking behind the bushes.//\n  2 if something such as danger, a feeling etc lurks somewhere, it exists, but you may not see it or know about it:  --a dark formless danger, lurking in the shadows//\n  3 if you lurk in a chat room on the Internet, you read what other people are writing to each other, but you do not write any messages yourself:  lurk in//  --I think it’s sort of creepy how people lurk in chat rooms.//


Words: luscious
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: licious  (14-17 centuries), from  delicious]//\n  1 extremely good to eat or drink:  --a luscious and fragrant dessert wine//\n  2  informal very sexually attractive:  --her luscious body//


Words: lush
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French lache  ’soft, loose’]//\n  1 plants that are lush grow many leaves and look healthy and strong:  --a lush green mountainous island//  --The fields were lush with grass and flowers.//\n  2 very beautiful, comfortable, and expensive:   luxurious//  --lush carpets//\nlush 2 n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from   LUSH1]//   informal an alcoholic//


Words: Lusitania
Meaning:
the   a British passenger ship that was sunk off the Irish coast in 1915 by the German navy during World War I. Some of the 1195 people who were killed were Americans, and this made many Americans feel that the US should enter the war against Germany.//


Words: lust
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 [U and C] very strong sexual desire, especially when it does not include love:  --My feelings for Lauren were pure lust.//\n  2 [singular, U] a very strong desire to have something, usually power or money -used to show disapproval:  lust for//  --Hitler’s lust for power //\n  3  (a) lust for life:  a strong determination to enjoy life as much as possible - used to show approval//  --the happy-go-lucky lust for life so typical of southern Italy//\nlust 2 v   lust after/for / [lust after/for sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to be strongly sexually attracted to someone, and think about having sex with them:  --She had secretely lusted after him for years.//\n  2 to want something very much, especially something that you do not really need:  --This is a car to lust after.//


