# dict

Words: frogmarch
Meaning:
preposition]  BrE   to force someone to walk somewhere by holding their arms very tightly by their side or behind their back//


Words: frolic
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  frolicked present participle  frolicking  [I]  written //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Dutch; Origin: vroolijk  ’happy’]//  to play in an active happy way//  --Lambs frolicked in the next field.//\nfrolic 2 n [U and C]  written   a fun enjoyable game or activity//  --Everyone joined in the Saturday night frolics.//


Words: from
Meaning:
prep   ----------//\n   1 where somebody/something starts:\n   2 distance away:\n   3 when something starts:\n   4 original condition:\n   5 from place to place/house to house etc:\n   6 from day to day/from minute to minute etc:\n   7 vary/change etc from something to something:\n   8 range:\n   9 position when watching:\n  10 being removed:\n  11 absent:\n  12 origin:\n  13 sent/given by somebody:\n  14 place of birth/work:\n  15 cause:\n  16 forming opinions:\n  17 made of something:\n  18 prevented:\n  19 harm:\n  20 difference:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 WHERE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING STARTS:  starting at a particular place or position//  --How do you get from here to Colchester?//  --an empire stretching from Syria to Spain//  --The hotel is on the main road from Newport.//  --Ernest twice ran away from home.//\n  2 DISTANCE AWAY:  used when talking about the distance between places or people to mention one of the places or people//  --We live about five miles from Boston.//  --a large Victorian house only fifty yards from my workplace//  --He was standing only a few feet away from me.//\n  3 WHEN SOMETHING STARTS:  starting at a particular time//  --He’ll be here tomorrow from about seven o’clock onwards.//  --We’re going to tell her on her birthday - that’s two weeks from today.//  --From now on, I will only be working in the mornings.//  --housewives who work from morning to night  (=without stopping) //\n  4 ORIGINAL CONDITION:  used to say what condition or situation something is in before it changes//  --translating from French into English//  --When she arrived, things just went from bad to worse  (=got even worse) !//\n  5  from place to place/house to house etc:  to a number of places//  --She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child.//\n  6  from day to day/from minute to minute etc:  used to say that something continues or keeps changing//  --My health is improving from day to day.//\n  7  vary/change etc from sth to sth:  to change or be different according to the person, situation, time etc involved//  --The treatment will vary from patient to patient.//\n  8 RANGE:  used to mention the two ends of a range//  from sth to sth//  --Prices range from [hA124]10,000 to over [hA124]100,000.//  --a place where you can buy anything from a handgun to a rocket launcher//\n  9 POSITION WHEN WATCHING:  used to say where someone is when they see or watch something//  --From the top of the hill, you can see for miles.//  --There’s a man watching us from behind that fence.//\n  10 BEING REMOVED:  used to say where something is before it is removed//  --She pulled her chair away from her desk.//  --Philip snatched the book from my hand.//  --He took a knife from his pocket.//  --Subtract three from fifteen.//\n  11 ABSENT:  used to say where someone would normally be, when they are not there//  --The boy’s absence from class has been noted.//  --I have a brother, but he’s away from home at present.//\n  12 ORIGIN:  used to say where something was or who had it before you obtained it//  --I got the idea from Colin.//  --Do you know where the information came from?//  --Gray caught smallpox from his nephew.//  --I’ll show you a short extract from one of our training videos.//  --We usually buy our cheese from a shop in the market.//  --You have to choose the right answer from a list.//\n  13 SENT/GIVEN BY SOMEBODY:  used to say who sends or gives something//  --He had received a bill for nineteen dollars from St Peter’s hospital.//  --I had a phone call from John.//  --You need to get permission from the owner.//  --with lots of love from Elaine (=used at the end of a letter or on a card) //\n  14 PLACE OF BIRTH/WORK:  used to say where someone was born, where they live, or where they work//  --We invited speakers from all the regions.//  --Students from all faculties will have access to the machines.//  --There’s a man from the tax office on the phone.//  --I’m from Yorkshire (=I was born in Yorkshire) .//\n  15 CAUSE:  used to state the cause of something//  --mothers who are exhausted from all the sleepless nights//  --Death rates from accidents have been on the increase.//  --a patient suffering from stomach pains//  --The community benefits from having an excellent health service.//\n  16 FORMING OPINIONS:  a) used to say what made you form a particular opinion//  --From what I’ve read, the company seems to be in difficulties.//  --It’s obvious from a quick glance that the plan has changed dramatically.//  b) used to say how a subject is being considered//  --These changes are ideal from my point of view.//  --We have spent a lot of time looking at the problem from all angles.//\n  17 MADE OF SOMETHING:  used to say what substance is used to make something//  --Bread is made from flour, water, and yeast.//  --a cabinet constructed from chipboard//\n  18 PREVENTED:  used to say what is prevented or forbidden//  from doing sth//  --These problems have prevented me from completing the work.//  --people who have been disqualified from driving//  --Tourist coaches will be banned from entering the city centre.//\n  19 HARM:  used to mention something bad that you do not want to affect someone or something//  --ways of protecting yourself from attack//  --I will keep you safe from harm.//\n  20 DIFFERENCE:  used when you are comparing things or people to mention one of the things or people//  --She’s quite different from her sister.//  --Our two cats are so alike, I can never tell one from the other.//


Words: fromage frais
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: ’fresh cheese’]//  a thick creamy food made from milk and similar to yoghurt//


Words: frond
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: frons  ’leaves’]//  a leaf of a fern or palm1(2)//


Words: front
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 part that is furthest forward:\n   2 side that faces forward:\n   3 most important side:\n   4 building:\n   5 in front of somebody/something:\n   6 in front:\n   7 on a ... front:\n   8 out front:\n   9 in (the) front/up front:\n  10 in front of the television/TV/computer etc:\n  11 up front:\n  12 weather:\n  13 sea:\n  14 body:\n  15 illegal activities:\n  16 hide feelings:\n  17 organization:\n  18 war:\n  19 church:  ----------//  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: Latin frons  ’forehead (= top of the face), front’]//\n  1 PART THAT IS FURTHEST FORWARD:   the front//  the part of something that is furthest forward in the direction that it is facing or moving//  → back//  the front of//  --Ricky stepped forward to the front of the stage and began to sing.//  the front of the line/queue //  --It took ages to get to the front of the queue.//  at/in the front (of sth) //  --She always sits at the front of the class.//  --I found a good place on the bus, on the top deck, right at the front.//\n  2 SIDE THAT FACES FORWARD:   the front//  the front of something is the side or surface that faces forward//  → back//  the front of//  --Harvey ran quickly round the front of the car to try and open the other door.//  --the control panel on the front of the machine//  --He wore an old sweater with a coffee stain down the front.//\n  3 MOST IMPORTANT SIDE:   the front//  the most important side or surface of something, that you look at first//  → back//  on the front//  --Dean sent me a lovely postcard with a picture of Bolton Abbey on the front.//  the front of//  --She’s on the front (=a picture of her is on the front) of this month’s magazine.//  --There’s an introduction at the front of the book (=in the first pages) .//\n  4 BUILDING:   the front//  the most important side of a building, where you go in//  → back//  the front of//  --Ben had just finished painting the front of the house.//\n  5  in front of sb/sth:  a) further forward than someone or something//  → behind//  --He was standing in front of her in the lunch queue, and they just got talking.//  --He walked along in front of me, holding the lantern.//  --Suddenly, something ran across the road in front of the car.//  --An old wooden desk stood in front of the window.//  b) facing someone or something//  --The door opened and Harriet stood in front of him.//  --She sat down in front of the mirror and brushed her hair carefully.//  --Billy crouched in front of the fire to warm his hands.//  c) outside a building, near its entrance//  --There was a small garden in front of the house.//  --It was raining as we parked in front of the hotel.//  d) if you say or do something in front of someone, you do it where they can see or hear you//  --Don’t swear in front of the children!//  --The match was played in front of a crowd of 8000.//  e) if you have problems or difficulties in front of you, you will soon need to deal with them//    in front of your eyes at eye1 (9)//\n  6  in front:  a) ahead of something or someone//  → behind//  --He drove straight into the car in front.//  b) winning something such as a sports match or competition//   ahead//  → behind//  --His 20th-minute goal put Leeds back in front.//  c) in the area nearest the most forward part of something, or nearest the entrance to a building//\n  7  on a ... front:  in a particular area of activity//  on the economic/political etc front //  --On the technical front, there have been a number of important developments.//  --Excellent teamwork from our staff has brought improvement on all fronts .//  on the domestic/international front //  --On the domestic front, de Gaulle’s priority was to secure his government’s authority.//  on a wide/broad/limited front //  --Schemes of this kind enjoyed success only on a limited front.//\n  8  out front:   also out the front/out in front  BrE the area near the entrance to a building//  --Hurry up! The taxi is out front.//\n  9  in (the) front/up front:  in the front part of a car, next to the driver or where the driver sits//  --Mom, can I sit in the front?//\n  10  in front of the television/TV/computer etc:  watching a television or using a computer//  --The average child spends three to four hours in front of the TV.//  --I spend most of my time sitting in front of a computer.//\n  11  up front:   informal //  a) money that is paid up front is paid before work is done, or before goods are supplied//  --We need two hundred pounds up front.//  b) directly and clearly from the start//  --It’s important to tell potential clients this up front.//    upfront//\n  12 WEATHER:   [C]  technical the place where two areas of air of different temperatures meet, often shown as a line on weather maps//  warm/cold front (=an area of warm or cold air) //\n  13 SEA:   the front//   BrE a wide road next to the beach where people can walk for pleasure//  --We could always go for a stroll along the front.//\n  14 BODY:   your front//  your chest, or the part of your body that faces forward//  --You’ve spilled juice all down your front!//  --He was asleep, lying on his front with his head turned to one side.//\n  15 ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES:   [C] a legal business that someone operates in order to hide the illegal activities that they are involved in//  front for//  --The casino was used as a front for cross-border smuggling operations.//\n  16 HIDE FEELINGS:   [singular] if you put on a front, you behave in a way that is happier, braver etc than you really feel//  put on/show a front //  --Jenny didn’t want Adam to see how worried she was. So she put on a brave front .//  --His arrogance is just a front. Deep down he’s really insecure.//  --When disciplining children, it is important that parents present a united front  (=show that they both feel the same about a situation) .//\n  17 ORGANIZATION:   [singular] used in the name of a political party or unofficial military organization//  --the People’s Liberation Front//\n  18 WAR:   [C] the area where fighting happens in a war//   front line//  --He joined the army, and was immediately sent to the front .//  --Her husband was shot down over the Western Front.//    home front//\n  19 CHURCH:   [C] a side of a large important church building//  --the west front of Rouen cathedral//  ----------//  WORD CHOICE: in front, opposite, face //  If something or someone is  in front of a building, they are directly outside the front of it : Meet me in front of the station. //  If something or someone is  opposite a building, they are outside the front of it on the other side of a street, area of land etc : the fields opposite the school //  Use the verb  face to say that a building has something outside the front of it : My apartment block faces (NOT is in front of) the sea. | a house facing the square //  WORD CHOICE: in front of, before //  !!  Use  in front of not ’before’, to talk about doing something so that people can see or hear you : I had to explain myself in front of (NOT before) the whole class. //  !!  Use  before , not ’in front of’,to talk about the order in which things happen : Before starting (NOT In front of starting), let’s list what we have to do. //  ----------//\nfront 2 adj [only before noun] \n  1 at, on, or in the front of something:  → back//  --Two of his front teeth had been knocked out.//  --the front cover of ’Hello!’ magazine//  --the front wheel of his bicycle//  --the dog’s front legs//  front door/garden/porch (=at the front of a house) //  --We walked up the front steps and into the reception area.//  front seat/row //  --We got there an hour early in order to get seats in the front row.//\n  2 a front organization is a legal one that is run in order to hide a secret or illegal activity:  --a front organization for importing heroin//    front man(1)//\n  3  technical a front vowel sound is made by raising your tongue at the front of your mouth, such as the vowel sound in ’see’:    back//\nfront 3 v \n  1 [T]  especially BrE if someone fronts something such as a musical group or a television programme, they lead it and are the person that the public sees most:  --Fronted by Alan Hull, the band had a number of memorable hits.//\n  2 [T usually passive]  also front onto sth  BrE if a building or area of land is fronted by something or fronts onto it, it faces that thing:  --The house was fronted by a large ornamental lake.//  --The hotel entrance fronted onto a busy road.//\n  3  be fronted by/with sth:  to be covered or decorated at the front with something//  --a large building fronted with marble//


Words: front and center adj
Meaning:
adv  AmE   in a very important position, where it will receive attention//  --Prayer in schools has become a front-and-center issue.//


Words: front bench
Meaning:
n [C]   the front row of seats on each side of the British parliament, on which the leaders of the political parties sit//    back bench//


Words: front line
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C usually singular] the place where fighting happens in a war:   front//  in/on the front line//  --troops who had served in the front line at Magdeburg//  --three miles behind the front line//\n  2  in the front line:  a) doing something that has not been done before//  --in the front line of the fight against cancer//  b) likely to be blamed for an organization’s mistakes//  -- front-line adj  [only before noun] //  --front-line troops//


Words: front man
Meaning:
n [C usually singular] \n  1 a person who speaks for an organization, for example an illegal one, but is not the leader of it:\n  2  also  frontman:  the leader, and usually the singer, of a musical group//


Words: front of house
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   the areas in a theatre or hotel which are used by the public//  -- front-of-house adj //  --the front-of-house manager//


Words: front office
Meaning:
n [singular]   the people in a business who manage things or who deal directly with the public//    back office//


Words: front-page
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   front-page news/article/story etc//  something that is printed on the first page of a newspaper because it is very important or exciting//


Words: front-runner
Meaning:
n [C]   the person or thing that is most likely to succeed in a competition//  --the front-runner in June’s presidential election//


Words: frontal
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  formal \n  1 at or relating to the front part of something:  --the frontal armour of the new tanks//\n  2  frontal attack/assault:  a) a direct attack on the front of an army//  --The minefields make an all-out frontal attack almost impossible.//  b) an attack or criticism that is very strong and direct//  --After the election, the party launched into a frontal assault on the British media.//\n  3  medical relating to the front part of the head:  --tissues in the frontal lobes of the brain//    full frontal//


Words: frontier
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: fronti[hA169]re, from  front;   FRONT1]//\n  1 [C]  especially BrE the border of a country:  frontier between/with//  --Lille is close to the frontier between France and Belgium.//  on/at the frontier//  --Troops established a road block on the frontier.//  frontier town/area/post etc (=a town etc on a frontier) //\n  2  the frontier:  an area where people have never lived before, that not much is known about, especially in the western US before the 20th century//  --a novel about a family’s struggle on the American frontier//  --space, the final frontier//\n  3  the frontiers of knowledge/physics etc:  the limits of what is known about something//  push back the frontiers (=discover new things) //


Words: frontiersman
Meaning:
n   plural  frontiersmen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //  a man who lived on the American frontier, especially in the 19th century//


Words: frontispiece
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: frontispice  ’front of a building’, from  Late Latin frontispicium  ’view of the front’, from  Latin frons  ’front’ +  specere  ’to look at’]//  a picture or photograph at the beginning of a book, usually opposite the page with the title on it//


Words: Frost
Meaning:
Robert   (1874-1963) a US poet who is one of America’s best known and most popular poets. Some of his best known poems are Fire and Ice and Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening//


Words: frost
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin:; related to  freeze]//\n  1 [U and C] very cold weather, when water freezes:  late/early/first frost //  --Even in May we can sometimes get a late frost.//  hard/heavy/sharp/severe frost (=extremely cold weather) //  --three continuous nights of hard frost//  --the risk of frost damage to crops//\n  2 [U] ice that looks white and powdery and covers things that are outside when the temperature is very cold:  --The grass and trees were white with frost.//\nfrost 2 v [T]    especially AmE to cover a cake with a mixture of powdery sugar and liquid//  British Equivalent:  ice//  frost over/up phr v//  to become covered in frost//  --Overnight all the windowpanes had frosted over.//


Words: frostbite
Meaning:
n [U]   a condition caused by extreme cold, that makes your fingers and toes swell, become darker, and sometimes fall off//  --I nearly got frostbite .//  -- frostbitten/-b[hA366]tn/ adj //


Words: frosted
Meaning:
adj   ----------//\n   1 glass:\n   2 cold weather:\n   3 cake:\n   4 hair:  ----------//\n  1 GLASS:   frosted glass/window etc//  frosted glass has been given a rough surface, so that it is not transparent//  --the frosted glass of the bathroom window//\n  2 COLD WEATHER:   literary covered with frost//   frosty//  --the frosted garden//\n  3 CAKE:   especially AmE covered with frosting//  British Equivalent:  iced//  --chocolate frosted cupcakes//\n  4 HAIR:   AmE frosted hair has parts that have been made much lighter than others by using chemicals//


Words: frosting
Meaning:
n [U]  especially AmE   a sweet substance put on cakes and made from powdery sugar and butter//  British Equivalent:  icing//


Words: frosty
Meaning:
adj \n  1 :  a) extremely cold//  --a beautiful frosty morning //  --frosty air//  b) covered with frost//  --the frosty ground//\n  2 unfriendly:   icy//  frosty stare/look/tone //  --He gave me a frosty stare.//  --the frosty silence that followed her announcement//  --My words got a frosty reception.//  -- frostily adv //


Words: froth
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: frotha]//\n  1 [singular, U] a mass of small bubbles on the top of a liquid:   foam//  --’Excellent beer,’ he said, wiping the froth from his mouth.//\n  2 [singular, U] small white bubbles of saliva around a person’s or animal’s mouth:\n  3 [U] talk or ideas that are attractive but have no real value or meaning:  --The book has too much froth and not enough fact.//\nfroth 2 v [I] \n  1  also froth up :  if a liquid froths, it produces or contains a lot of small bubbles on top//  --When you first open the bottle the beer will froth for a few seconds.//\n  2 if someone’s mouth froths, saliva comes out as small white bubbles:\n  3  froth at the mouth:  a) to have saliva coming out of your mouth as small white bubbles//  b)  informal to be extremely angry//


Words: frothy
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a liquid that is frothy has lots of small bubbles on top:  --a mug of frothy coffee//\n  2 a frothy book, film etc is enjoyable but not serious or important:  -- frothily adv //


Words: frown
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: froignier]//  to make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving your eyebrows together//  --She frowned as she read the letter.//  frown at//  --Mattie frowned at him disapprovingly.//  frown on/upon / [frown on/upon sb/sth] phr v//  to disapprove of someone or something, especially someone’s behaviour//  --Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon.//\nfrown 2 n [C usually singular]   the expression on your face when you move your eyebrows together because you are angry, unhappy, or confused//  with a frown//  --He looked at her with a puzzled frown.//


Words: frozen
Meaning:
v   the past participle of freeze1//\nfrozen 2 adj   ----------//\n   1 food:\n   2 be frozen (stiff):\n   3 earth:\n   4 area of water:\n   5 be frozen with fear/terror/fright:  ----------//\n  1 FOOD:  frozen food has been stored at a very low temperature in order to preserve it//    freeze//  --You can use fresh or frozen fish.//  --frozen peas//\n  2  be frozen (stiff):   spoken to feel very cold//  --You must be frozen! Come and sit by the fire.//\n  3 EARTH:  earth that is frozen is so cold it has become very hard//  --The ground is frozen for most of the year.//  --the frozen wastes of Siberia//\n  4 AREA OF WATER:  a river, lake etc that is frozen has a layer of ice on the surface//\n  5  be frozen with fear/terror/fright:  to be so afraid, shocked etc that you cannot move//


Words: fructose
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: fructus;   FRUIT1]//  a type of natural sugar in fruit juices and honey//


Words: frugal
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin frux  ’fruit, value’]//\n  1 careful to buy only what is necessary:  → extravagant//  --As children we were taught to be frugal and hard-working.//  --He led a remarkably frugal existence.//\n  2 a frugal meal is a small meal of plain food:   simple//  → extravagant//  --a frugal breakfast//  -- frugally adv //  -- frugality/fru[hA359]g[zB024]l[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: fruit
Meaning:
n   plural  fruit  or  fruits //  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin fructus, from  frui  ’to enjoy, have the use of’]//\n  1 [U and C] something that grows on a plant, tree, or bush, can be eaten as a food, contains seeds or a stone, and is usually sweet:  --Try to eat plenty of fresh fruit .//  -- fruit and vegetables //  --a glass of fruit juice //  --a large garden with fruit trees //    dried fruit,  soft fruit//\n  2 [U and C]  technical the part of a plant, bush, or tree that contains the seeds:\n  3  the fruit(s) of sth:  the good results that you have from something, after you have worked very hard//  --I’m looking forward to retirement and having time to enjoy the fruits of my labour  (=the results of my hard work) .//\n  4  in fruit:   technical trees, plants etc that are in fruit are producing their fruit//\n  5  the fruits of the earth:   literary all the natural things that the earth produces, such as fruit, vegetables, or minerals//    bear fruit at bear1 (9)//\nfruit 2 v [I]  technical   if a tree or a plant fruits, it produces fruit//


Words: fruit bat
Meaning:
n [C]   a large bat (=small animal like a flying mouse) that lives in hot countries and eats fruit//


Words: fruit machine
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a machine which you put money into, and which gives you more money back if three of the same pictures appear on a screen//   slot machine//


Words: fruitcake
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U and C] a cake that has dried fruit in it:\n  2 [C]  informal someone who is mentally ill or behaves in a strange way:  --He’s an absolute fruitcake.//  --You really are nutty as a fruitcake (=crazy) .//


Words: fruitful
Meaning:
adj \n  1 producing good results:  → fruitless//  --Today’s meeting proved more fruitful than last week’s.//  --a busy and fruitful time//  --Annual business reports were a fruitful source of information.//\n  2  literary land that is fruitful produces a lot of crops:  -- fruitfully adv //  -- fruitfulness n  [U] //


Words: fruition
Meaning:
n [U]  formal   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin fruitio, from  Latin fructus;   FRUIT1]//  if a plan, project etc comes to fruition, it is successfully put into action and completed, often after a long process//  come to/bring to/reach fruition //  --His proposals only came to fruition after the war.//  --Many people have worked together to bring this scheme to fruition.//


Words: fruitless
Meaning:
adj   failing to achieve what was wanted, especially after a lot of effort//  → fruitful//  fruitless attempt/exercise //  --a fruitless attempt to settle the dispute//  --So far, their search has been fruitless.//  -- fruitlessly adv //


Words: fruity
Meaning:
adj \n  1 tasting or smelling strongly of fruit:  --a very fruity wine//\n  2  BrE a voice or laugh that is fruity sounds deep and pleasant:


Words: frump
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  frumple  ’to crush in folds’ (14-19 centuries), from  Middle Dutch verrompelen]//  a woman who is frumpy//


Words: frustrate
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: frustrare, from  frustra  ’without effect’]//\n  1 if something frustrates you, it makes you feel annoyed or angry because you are unable to do what you want:  --The fact that he’s working with amateurs really frustrates him.//\n  2 [usually passive] to prevent someone’s plans, efforts, or attempts from succeeding:  --Their attempts to speak to him were frustrated by the guards.//


Words: frustrated
Meaning:
adj \n  1 feeling annoyed, upset, and impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something:  --He gets frustrated when people don’t understand what he’s trying to say.//  frustrated with/at//  --She had become increasingly frustrated with her life.//  sexually frustrated (=feeling dissatisfied because you do not have any opportunity to have sex) //\n  2  a frustrated artist/actor/poet etc:  someone who wants to develop a particular skill but has not been able to do this//


Words: frustrating
Meaning:
adj   making you feel annoyed, upset, or impatient because you cannot do what you want to do//  --My job can be very frustrating sometimes.//  --This is an immensely frustrating experience for the student.//


Words: frustration
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U and C] the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something:  --People often feel a sense of frustration that they are not being promoted quickly enough.//  in/with frustration//  --I was practically screaming with frustration.//  --In spite of his frustrations, he fell in love with the country.//\n  2 [U] the fact of being prevented from achieving what you are trying to achieve:  frustration of//  --The frustration of his ambitions made him a bitter man.//


Words: fry
Meaning:
S3   v   past tense and past participle  fried present participle  frying third person singular  fries //  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: frire, from  Latin frigere]//\n  1 [I and T] to cook something in hot fat or oil, or to be cooked in hot fat or oil:  --Fry the potatoes, covered, for about 20 minutes.//  --I could smell onions frying.//\n  2 [I and T]  AmE  informal to kill someone in an electric chair, or to be killed in an electric chair, as a punishment:\nfry 2  also french fry   plural  fries  n [C usually plural]  especially AmE //  a long thin piece of potato that has been cooked in fat//  British Equivalent:  chip//\nfry 3 n [plural]   very young fish//    small fry//


Words: fryer
Meaning:
frier/fra[hA366][hA353] $ -[hA353]r/ n [C] \n  1  deep (fat) fryer:  a big deep pan for frying food//\n  2  AmE a chicken that has been specially bred to be fried:


Words: frying pan
Meaning:
n [C]   1 a round flat pan with a long handle, used for frying food//\n  2  out of the frying pan and into the fire:  to go from a bad situation to one that is even worse//


Words: FT 100 Share Index
Meaning:
the  also the FTSE 100 the Footsie   the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index a number that shows whether  shares in companies on the London  stock exchange have generally risen or fallen in value on a particular day. The number is based on the share prices of 100 large and important companies.//  --The FT 100 Share Index closed at 5124, down 40 points on the day.//    Dow Jones Average//    Hang Seng Index, the//    Nikkei Index, the//


Words: FTC
Meaning:
the   the Federal Trade Commission a US government organization that is responsible for making sure that trade between companies and their customers is fair. If two companies plan to  merge (=join together to become a single large company) , the FTC finds out whether this arrangement will be unfair to other companies or to customers in general. There is a similar organization in the UK called the  Monopolies and Mergers Commission.//


Words: ftp
Meaning:
also  FTP/ef ti[hA359] pi[hA359]/ n [U]   file transfer protocol; a set of rules that allow you to send documents from one computer to another//  -- ftp v  [T] //


Words: Fu Manchu
Meaning:
the main character in the stories by Sax Rohmer and in the films based on these stories. Fu Manchu is an evil and very clever Chinese criminal. He has a very long  moustache, the ends of which hang down. A moustache that looks like this is often called a Fu Manchu moustache.//


Words: fuchsia
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Leonhard  Fuchs (1501-66), German plant-scientist]//\n  1 [U and C] a garden bush with hanging bell-shaped flowers that are red, pink, or white:\n  2 [U] a bright pink colour:


Words: fuck
Meaning:
S3   v  taboo  spoken   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1  fuck you/it/them etc:  used to show that you are very angry at something or someone, or that you do not care about them at all//  --Well, fuck you then. I’ll go on my own.//\n  2 [I and T] to have sex with someone:\n  3  fuck me:   especially BrE used when you think something is surprising or impressive//\n  4  go fuck yourself/himself/themselves etc:  used to show you are very angry with someone//  --Why don’t you go fuck yourself!//  fuck around phr v//\n  1 to waste time or behave in a silly or careless way:  --Will you two stop fucking around!//\n  2  fuck sb around/about:   BrE to make someone angry or annoyed by wasting their time//  --Don’t fuck me around, OK?//  fuck off phr v//  to go away - used especially to tell someone to go away in an extremely rude way//  fuck over [fuck sb → over] phr v//  to treat someone very badly//  --They’ll just fuck you over if you let them.//  fuck up phr v//\n  1  fuck sb → up:  to make someone very unhappy and confused so that they cannot live normally or have normal relationships//    mess somebody up//  --Heroin fucks you up.//\n  2 to make a mistake or do something badly:    mess up//  --You really fucked up this time.//  fuck sth → up//  --I’m scared of fucking things up.//  fuck with [fuck with sb] phr v//  to annoy someone or make them angry//    mess with somebody//  --I wouldn’t fuck with Alfie if I were you.//\nfuck 2 interjection  taboo   used when you are very annoyed about something//  --Fuck! I’ve forgotten my keys!//\nfuck 3 n  taboo  spoken \n  1  the fuck:  used when you are angry or surprised to emphasize what you are saying//  --Get the fuck off my property!//  --Shut the fuck up!//  what/how/who etc the fuck //  --What the fuck do you think you’re doing?//\n  2 [C usually singular] the act of having sex:\n  3  not give a fuck:   also not give a flying fuck  AmE to not care at all what happens//


Words: fucked
Meaning:
adj  taboo  spoken \n  1  also  fucked up:  completely broken or in a very bad condition//  --The engine’s completely fucked.//\n  2 in a very bad situation which will not improve:  --If she can’t lend me the money, I’m fucked.//


Words: fucked up
Meaning:
adj  taboo  spoken \n  1 very unhappy and confused, so that you cannot control your life properly:    messed up//  --After three years with Johnny, I was completely fucked up.//\n  2  also  fucked:  completely broken or in a very bad condition//  --These speakers are fucked up.//\n  3  AmE having drunk too much alcohol or taken illegal drugs:


Words: fucking
Meaning:
S1   adj, adv [only before noun]  taboo  spoken \n  1 used to emphasize that you are angry or annoyed:  --It’s none of your fucking business!//  --I know fucking well you’re lying to me.//  --What the fucking hell are you staring at?//\n  2 used to emphasize your opinion of something:  --That’s fucking good coffee.//  --What a fucking idiot!//


Words: fuddle
Meaning:
v [T]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Low German fudeln  ’to work carelessly as if drunk’]//  if something, especially alcohol or drugs, fuddles you or your mind, it makes you unable to think clearly//  -- fuddled adj //  --her fuddled mind//


Words: fuddy-duddy
Meaning:
n   plural  fuddy-duddies  [C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  fussy +  dad or  dud]//  someone who has old-fashioned ideas and attitudes//  --You’re such an old fuddy-duddy !//  -- fuddy-duddy adj //


Words: fudge
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] a soft creamy brown sweet food:\n  2  a fudge:   BrE an attempt to deal with a situation that does not solve its problems completely, or only makes it seem better//\nfudge 2 v   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Perhaps from  fadge  ’to fit, change’ (16-19 centuries)]//\n  1 [I and T] to avoid giving exact details or a clear answer about something:  --He tried to fudge the issue by saying that he did not want to specify periods.//\n  2 [T] to change important figures or facts to deceive people:  --Sibley has been fudging his data for years now.//


Words: fuel
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: fouaille, from  feu  ’fire’, from  Latin focus;   FOCUS1]//  [U and C] a substance such as coal, gas, or oil that can be burned to produce heat or energy//  --The plane was running low on fuel.//  --Coal is one of the cheapest fuels.//  --the car’s performance and fuel consumption  (=how much fuel it uses to travel a particular distance) //  --an empty fuel tank//    add fuel to the fire/flames at add(9)//\nfuel 2 v   past tense and past participle  fuelled present participle  fuelling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  fueled present participle  fueling  AmE //\n  1 [T] to make something, especially something bad, increase or become stronger:  --His words fuelled her anger still more.//  fuel speculation/rumours/controversy etc //  --Progress was slow, fueling concerns that the stadium would not be finished on time.//\n  2  also fuel up :   [I and T] if you fuel a vehicle or if it fuels up, fuel is put into it//  --We’d better fuel up at the next town.//  --The van was fuelled and waiting in the basement car park.//


Words: fuel cell
Meaning:
n [C]   a piece of equipment that combines two different elements, such as oxygen and hydrogen, to produce electricity in order to supply power to a vehicle or machine//


Words: fuel injection
Meaning:
n [U]   a method of putting liquid fuel directly into an engine, which allows a car to accelerate more quickly//


Words: fuel-efficient
Meaning:
adj   a fuel-efficient engine or vehicle burns fuel in a more effective way than usual, so that it loses less fuel//


Words: fug
Meaning:
n [singular]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  fog]//  air inside a room that feels heavy and unpleasant because of smoke, heat, or too many people//  --the fug of the bar//


Words: fugitive
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who is trying to avoid being caught by the police//  fugitive from//  --a fugitive from US justice//\nfugitive 2 adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: fugitif, from  Latin fugere  ’to run away’]//\n  1 trying to avoid being caught by the police:\n  2  literary lasting for a very short time:  --rare and fugitive visits//


Words: fugue
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Italian; Origin: fuga  ’flight, fugue’, from  Latin fugere;   FUGITIVE2]//  a piece of music with a tune that is repeated regularly in different keys by different voices or instruments//


Words: Fuji
Meaning:
Mount  also Fujiyama   a  volcano, about 100 km southwest of Tokyo, which is the highest mountain in Japan. Its top has the shape of a perfect  cone.//


Words: Fulbright Scholarship
Meaning:
money provided for US university students and teachers so that they can study in other countries, and for students and teachers from other countries so that they can study in the US//  -- Fulbright Scholar n //


Words: fulcrum
Meaning:
n   plural  fulcrums  or  fulcra /-kr[hA353]/ [C] //  [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: ’bedpost’]//  the point on which a lever (=bar)  turns, balances, or is supported in turning or lifting something//


Words: fulfil
Meaning:
W3S3  BrE  fulfill AmE   v   past tense and past participle  fulfilled present participle  fulfilling  [T] //  [Language: Old English; Origin: fullfyllan]//\n  1 if you fulfil a hope, wish, or aim, you achieve the thing that you hoped for, wished for etc:  --Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream .//  --Being deaf hasn’t stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to be a hairdresser.//  --It was then that the organization finally began to fulfill the hopes of its founders.//  fulfil an aim/a goal/an objective //  --an analysis of how different countries are attempting to fulfill their political goals//\n  2 to do or provide what is necessary or needed:  fulfil a role/duty/function etc //  --A good police officer is not fulfilling his role if he neglects this vital aspect.//  fulfil a requirement/condition/obligation etc //  --Britain was accused of failing to fulfil its obligations under the EU Treaty.//  --Much of the electrical equipment failed to fulfill safety requirements.//  --There is little doubt that the scheme fulfils a need for our community.//\n  3  fulfil a promise/pledge etc:   formal to do what you said you would do//   keep//  → break//  --I’d like to see him fulfil his promise to reorganize the army.//\n  4  fulfil your potential/promise:  to be as successful as you possibly can be//  --We want to make sure that all children are able to fulfil their potential.//\n  5 if your work fulfils you, it makes you feel satisfied because you are using all your skills, qualities etc:\n  6  fulfil yourself:  to feel satisfied because you are using all your skills, qualities etc//  --She succeeded in fulfilling herself both as an actress and as a mother.//\n  7  fulfil a prophesy:  if a prophesy is fulfilled, something happens that someone said would happen//


Words: fulfilled
Meaning:
adj   happy and satisfied because your life is interesting and you are doing useful or important things//  --Adult education helps people achieve more fulfilled lives.//


Words: fulfilling
Meaning:
adj   making you feel happy and satisfied because you are doing interesting, useful, or important things//  --Nursing is still one of the most fulfilling careers.//


Words: fulfilment
Meaning:
BrE  fulfillment AmE   n [U] \n  1 the feeling of being happy and satisfied with your life because you are doing interesting, useful, or important things:  --Are you looking for greater fulfillment and satisfaction in your work?//  --a deep sense of fulfilment that makes life worthwhile//  seek/find fulfilment //  --The real joy of the priesthood is helping people find personal fulfilment .//\n  2 when something you wanted happens or is given to you:   achievement//  fulfilment of//  --the fulfillment of a long-held dream//\n  3 the act of doing something that you promised or agreed to do:  fulfilment of a promise/duty/condition etc //  --People are wondering if they will ever see the fulfillment of the government’s campaign pledges.//


Words: full
Meaning:
adj   ----------//\n   1 no space:\n   2 including everything:\n   3 highest amount/level:\n   4 having a lot of something:\n   5 food:\n   6 emphasis:\n   7 busy:\n   8 rank:\n   9 be full of yourself:\n  10 be full of crap/shit/it:\n  11 clothes:\n  12 body:\n  13 taste:\n  14 sound:\n  15 full price:\n  16 in full view of somebody:\n  17 be in full swing:\n  18 full speed/steam ahead:\n  19 be full of beans:\n  20 (at) full blast:\n  21 (at) full tilt/pelt:\n  22 be in full cry:\n  23 to the full:\n  24 come/go/turn full circle:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin:]//\n  1 NO SPACE:  containing as much or as many things or people as possible, so there is no space left//    empty//  --The train was completely full.//  --Don’t talk with your mouth full.//  --The class is full, but you can register for next term.//  full of//  --The kitchen was full of smoke.//  be crammed/stuffed/packed etc full of sth //  --Ted’s workshop was crammed full of old engines.//  half-full/three-quarters full etc //  --McQuaid filled his glass until it was three-quarters full.//  --The bath was full to the brim  (=completely full) with hot water.//  full (up) to bursting (=completely full)  BrE  informal //  --The filing cabinet was full to bursting.//\n  2 INCLUDING EVERYTHING:   [only before noun] complete and including all parts or details//  --Please write your full name and address on the form.//  --The Health Centre offers a full range of services.//  --Lotus will not reveal full details until the Motor Show.//  --The BBC promised a full investigation .//  --I don’t think he’s telling us the full story  (=everything he knows about the matter) .//\n  3 HIGHEST AMOUNT/LEVEL:   [only before noun] the highest level or greatest amount of something that is possible//   maximum//  --rising prosperity and full employment //  --The charity helps disabled children reach their full potential .//  --Few customers take full advantage of off-peak fares.//  --Parker was driving at full speed when he hit the wall.//  in full leaf/bloom //  --The roses were now in full bloom.//\n  4 HAVING A LOT OF SOMETHING:   be full of sth//  a) to contain many things of the same kind//  --a garden full of flowers//  --His essay was full of mistakes.//  --The music papers were full of gossip about the band.//  --Life’s full of surprises, isn’t it?//  b) to feel, express, or show a lot of a particular emotion or quality//  full of excitement/energy/hope etc //  --Lucy was a happy child, always full of life .//  --He was full of praise for the work of the unit.//  c) to talk or think a lot about a particular thing//  --She was full of plans for the wedding.//\n  5 FOOD:   also full up  BrE [not before noun] having eaten so much food that you cannot eat any more//  --No more, thanks. I’m full.//\n  6 EMPHASIS:   [only before noun] used to emphasize an amount, quantity, or rate//  three/six etc full days/years/pages etc //  --We devote five full days a month to training.//  --His pants rose a full three inches off his shoes.//\n  7 BUSY:  busy and involving lots of different activities//  --Before her illness, Rose enjoyed a full life .//  --Go to bed. You’ve a full day tomorrow.//\n  8 RANK:  having or giving all the rights, duties etc that belong to a particular rank or position//  full professor/member/colonel etc //  --Only full members have the right to vote.//  --a full driving licence//\n  9  be full of yourself:  to have a high opinion of yourself - used to show disapproval//  --My first impression was that he was a bit full of himself.//\n  10  be full of crap/shit/it:   not polite a rude expression used to say that someone often says things that are wrong or stupid//  --Don’t listen to Jerry. He’s full of it.//\n  11 CLOTHES:  made using a lot of material and fitting loosely//  --a dress with a full skirt//\n  12 BODY:  large and rounded in an attractive way//  full figure/face/breasts etc //  --clothes for the fuller figure //\n  13 TASTE:  having a strong satisfying taste//  --Now you can enjoy Nescafe’s fuller flavour in a decaffeinated form.//    full-bodied//\n  14 SOUND:  pleasantly loud and deep//  --the rich full sound of the cello//\n  15  full price:  not a reduced price//  --If you’re over 14, you have to pay full price.//\n  16  in full view of sb:  so that all the people in a place can see, especially when this is embarrassing or shocking//  --The argument happened on stage in full view of the audience.//\n  17  be in full swing:  if an event or process is in full swing, it has reached its highest level of activity//  --By 8.30, the party was in full swing.//\n  18  full speed/steam ahead:  doing something with as much energy and effort as possible//  --With last season’s misery behind them, it’s full steam ahead for the Bears.//\n  19  be full of beans:  to be excited and have lots of energy//\n  20  (at) full blast:   informal as strongly, loudly, or quickly as possible//  --The heater was on full blast but I was still cold.//  --a car stereo playing Wagner at full blast//\n  21  (at) full tilt/pelt:  moving as fast as possible//  --She ran full tilt into his arms.//\n  22  be in full cry:  if a group of people are in full cry, they are criticizing someone very strongly//  --Anyone who’s seen the world’s press in full cry can understand how Diana felt.//\n  23  to the full:  to the fullest  AmE in the best or most complete way//  --Ed believes in living life to the full .//\n  24  come/go/turn full circle:  to be in the same situation in which you began, even though there have been changes during the time in between//  --Fashion has come full circle and denim is back.//    fully,  have your hands full at hand1 (29),  draw yourself up to your full height at draw up(4)//\nfull 2 n   in full//  including the whole of something//  --The debt must be paid in full .//  --His statement on the handling of prisoners is worth quoting in full.//\nfull 3 adv   directly//  full on/in//  --She looked him full in the face as she spoke.//


Words: full beam
Meaning:
n  BrE   on full beam//  car headlights (=the main lights at the front)  that are on full beam are switched to a position that makes them shine very brightly and straight ahead//  American Equivalent:  high beam//    dipped//


Words: full board
Meaning:
n [U]   a hotel offering full board provides guests with all their meals//    half board//  --A two-night break costs [hA124]125 full board.//


Words: full bore
Meaning:
adv  AmE   fast and with a lot of energy//  --Kate took a huge slice and was going at it full bore.//


Words: full face
Meaning:
adj \n  1 showing the whole of someone’s face:    profile//  --In portraits, chiefs were invariably shown full face.//\n  2 covering or protecting your whole face:  --a fullface helmet//


Words: full frontal
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 showing the whole of the front of someone’s body without clothes on:  --scenes of full frontal nudity //\n  2 done in a direct and strong way:  --a full frontal attack on the government//


Words: full house
Meaning:
n [C usually singular] \n  1 an occasion at a cinema, concert hall, sports field etc when there are no empty seats:  --Billy Graham is a speaker who can be sure of playing to a full house .//\n  2 three cards of one kind and a pair of another kind in a game of poker:


Words: full lock
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   if you turn the steering wheel of a car to full lock, you turn it as far as it can be turned//


Words: full marks
Meaning:
n [plural] \n  1 if you give someone full marks, you praise them for doing something well:  full marks to sb (for sth)//  --Not the most stylish mobile, but full marks to Marconi for originality.//\n  2  BrE the highest number of points you can get for school work:


Words: full monty
Meaning:
n   the full monty//   informal the whole amount of something that people want and expect//  --The ice cream was covered in sauce, nuts, chocolate - the full monty.//


Words: full moon
Meaning:
n [singular]   the moon when you can see all of it as a complete circle//    new moon, half moon, crescent moon//


Words: full stop
Meaning:
n   [C]  BrE a point (.) that marks the end of a sentence or the short form of a word//  American Equivalent:  period//  --Put a full stop at the end of the sentence.//\nfull stop 2 interjection  BrE  informal   used at the end of a sentence to emphasize that you do not want to say any more about a subject//  American Equivalent:  period//  --I don’t have a reason. I just don’t want to go, full stop.//


Words: full time
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   the end of the normal period of playing time in a sports game//    half time//  --As the ball went in, the referee blew his whistle for full time.//


Words: full-blooded
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 done with a lot of energy or in a complete way:  --The conflict could escalate into a full-blooded war.//\n  2 having parents, grandparents etc from only one race of people:  --Her father is a full-blooded Cherokee.//


Words: full-blown
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  FULL1 +  blown, past participle of  blow  ’to produce flowers’, from  Old English blowan]//  having all the qualities of something that is at its most complete or advanced stage//  --The drop in shares could develop into a full-blown crisis.//  --full-blown AIDS//


Words: full-bodied
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a full-bodied wine or other drink has a pleasantly strong taste:    light//\n  2 a full-bodied sound is complicated and interesting:


Words: full-colour
Meaning:
BrE  full-color AmE adj [only before noun]   printed using coloured inks rather than only black and white//  --a full-colour brochure//


Words: full-court press
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 a method of defending in a strong way in basketball:\n  2  AmE  informal the use of pressure or influence by several groups on someone:  --The DEA and the Justice Department put a full-court press on the drug barons.//


Words: full-cream
Meaning:
adj  BrE   full-cream milk is ordinary milk without any of the fat removed//    skimmed, semi-skimmed//


Words: full-fat
Meaning:
adj  BrE   full-fat milk, cheese etc contains all the fat that is naturally in it//    low fat, reduced fat//


Words: full-fledged
Meaning:
AmE fully fledged  BrE adj [only before noun]   completely developed, trained, or established//  --India has the potential to become a full-fledged major power.//


Words: full-grown
Meaning:
adj  AmE fully-grown  BrE   a full-grown animal, plant, or person has developed to their full size and will not grow any bigger//  --A full-grown elephant may weigh 2,000 pounds.//


Words: full-on
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   extreme//  --If you’re going for full-on glamour, add some sparkly jewellery.//


Words: full-page
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   covering all of one page in a newspaper or magazine//  --a full-page advert//


Words: full-scale
Meaning:
adj [only before noun] \n  1 as complete or thorough as possible:  full-scale attack/war/riot etc //  full-scale study/review etc //  --The government will conduct a full-scale inquiry into the crash.//\n  2 a full-scale drawing, model etc is the same size as the thing it represents:


Words: full-size
Meaning:
adj   of the largest possible size//  --The battery can run a full-size laptop for 12 hours.//  --a full-size basketball court//


Words: full-term
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   a full-term baby is born after a pregnancy of the normal length//    premature//


Words: full-time S3 adj
Meaning:
adv \n  1 for all the hours of a week during which it is usual for people to work, study etc:    part-time//  work/study etc full-time //  --She works full-time and has two kids.//  --The success of the series enabled her to concentrate full-time on writing.//  full-time staff/student etc //  --They’re looking for full-time staff at the library.//  full-time job/education etc //  --We aim to double the number of young people in full-time study .//\n  2  be a full-time job:  to be very hard work and take a lot of time//  --Keeping pace with changes is a full-time job.//


Words: fullback
Meaning:
n [C]   a player in a football team who plays in defence, stopping opponents from getting the ball//   defender//


Words: Fuller
Meaning:
Richard Buckminster   (1895-1983) a US  architect (=someone who designs buildings)  and engineer, who believed that scientific and technical developments could be used to solve many of society’s problems, and who invented the  geodesic dome, a large, light, ball-shaped structure//


Words: fullness
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1  in the fullness of time:   formal after a period of time, when a situation has developed//   in due course//  --I’m sure he’ll tell us what’s bothering him in the fullness of time.//\n  2 the quality of being large and round in an attractive way:  --Use a red gloss on your bottom lip to give it fullness.//\n  3 the quality of being complete:\n  4 the quality of having a pleasantly strong taste or deep sound:  --This recording has a fullness and warmth that brings out the brilliance of the piece.//\n  5 the condition of being full:  --Do you have a feeling of fullness after even a small meal?//


Words: fully
Meaning:
adv   completely//  --The restaurant is fully booked this evening.//  --Elisa has not fully recovered from the incident.//  --I am fully aware of your problems.//  --The changes in policy are fully described in the review.//  --I fully accept that what he says is true.//  --This concept is discussed more fully in Chapter 9.//


Words: fully dressed
Meaning:
adj [not before noun]   wearing clothes, including things such as shoes//  --She collapsed fully dressed on the bed.//


Words: fully-fledged
Meaning:
BrE full-fledged  AmE adj [only before noun]   completely developed, trained, or established//  --After seven years of training she’s now a fully-fledged doctor.//


Words: fully-grown
Meaning:
adj  BrE full-grown  AmE   a fully-grown animal, plant, or person has developed to their full size and will not grow any bigger//  --After six weeks, the larva emerges as a fully-grown beetle.//


Words: fulminate
Meaning:
v [I]  formal   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: fulminare  ’to hit with lightning’, from  fulmen  ’lightning’]//  to criticize someone or something angrily//  fulminate at/against/about//  --Mick was fulminating against the unfairness of it all.//  -- fulmination/f[hA35E]lm[hA369]ne[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n, f[hA356]l-/ n  [U and C] //


Words: fulsome
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin:  FULL1]//  a fulsome speech or piece of writing sounds insincere because it contains too much praise, expressions of thanks etc//  fulsome gratitude/praise/tribute etc //  --The book contains a fulsome dedication to his wife.//  -- fulsomely adv //  --a fulsomely congratulatory message//  -- fulsomeness n  [U] //


Words: Fulton
Meaning:
Robert   (1765-1815) a US engineer and inventor who designed and built several  steamships (=large ships that use steam for power) //


Words: fumble
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1  also fumble around :   [I and T] to try to hold, move, or find something with your hands in an awkward way//  fumble at/in/with//  --She dressed, her cold fingers fumbling with the buttons.//  fumble for//  --I fumbled around in my bag for a cigarette.//  --She reached round to fumble the light on.//\n  2 [I and T] if you fumble with your words when you are speaking, you have difficulty saying something:  fumble for//  --Asked for an explanation, Mike had fumbled for words.//  --The second candidate fumbled her lines.//\n  3 [I and T] to drop a ball after catching it:  --Quarterback Rattay was hit and fumbled the ball.//  -- fumble n  [C] //  -- fumbling n  [C] //


Words: fume
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: fumer, from  Latin fumus  ’smoke’]//\n  1 [I and T] to be angry about something:  fume at/over/about//  --She sat in the car, silently fuming about what he’d said.//  --’You’ve no right to be here,’ he fumed.//\n  2 [I] to give off smoke or gases:


Words: fumigate
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: fumigare, from  fumus;   FUME]//  to remove disease, bacteria, insects etc from somewhere using chemicals, smoke, or gas//  -- fumigation/fju[hA359]m[hA369]ge[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U] //


Words: fun
Meaning:
S2   n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: fun  ’to play a trick on’ (17-20 centuries), perhaps from  fonne;   FOND]//\n  1 an experience or activity that is very enjoyable and exciting:  --There’s plenty of fun for all the family.//  -- The children were  having  so much  fun , I hated to call them inside. //  -- Why don’t you come with us? It’ll be  great fun . //  -- Basketball games are  a lot of fun  to watch. //  -- It was a little bit of  harmless fun , that’s all. //  -- Snowboarding - that  sounds like fun . //  --Several Internet sites are inviting people to  join in the fun  for free. //  -- It’s no fun  eating on your own.//\n  2  for fun:   also just for the fun of it //  if you do something for fun, you do it because you enjoy it and not for any other reason//  --I simply believe that killing animals for fun is wrong.//  --Like most people her age, Deborah struck up relationships just for the fun of it .//\n  3  sb is (great/good) fun:   BrE used to say that someone is enjoyable to be with because they are happy and amusing//  --You’ll like her, darling, she’s great fun.//\n  4 behaviour that is not serious and shows happiness and enjoyment:  --Jan’s always so cheerful and full of fun .//  --Her sense of fun made her very popular at college.//  --Evelyn would tease her, but only in fun .//\n  5  fun and games:  activities, behaviour etc that are not serious - often used to show disapproval//\n  6  make fun of sb/sth:  to make unkind, insulting remarks about someone or something//  --I’m not making fun of you. I admire what you did.//\n  7  like fun:   AmE  spoken  old-fashioned used to say that something is not true or will not happen//  --’I’m going to Barbara’s house.’ ’Like fun you are! Come and finish your chores first.’//    figure of fun at figure1 (12),  poke fun at at poke1 (6)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  have fun  (=have an enjoyable time) //  good/great fun especially British English //  a lot of fun especially AmE //  harmless fun  (=enjoyable activities that do not have a bad effect on anyone) //  good clean fun  (=enjoyable activities that do not involve anything bad or immoral) //  sound like fun //  join in the fun //  it’s no fun //  ----------//\nfun 2 W3S2 adj [only before noun] \n  1 enjoyable and amusing:  --Try snowboarding - it’s a really fun sport.//  a fun day/evening etc //\n  2 a fun person is enjoyable to be with because they are happy and amusing:  --She’s a really fun person to be around.//


Words: function
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: functio, from  fungi  ’to perform’]//\n  1 [U and C] the purpose that something has, or the job that someone or something does:  perform/fulfil a function //  --In your new job you will perform a variety of functions.//  --The church fulfils a valuable social function.//  --The nervous system regulates our bodily functions  (=eating, breathing, going to the toilet etc) .//  --Bauhaus architects thought that function was more important than form.//\n  2 [C] a large party or official event:  --This room may be hired for weddings and other functions.//\n  3 [C usually singular]  technical a quantity or quality whose value changes according to another quantity or quality that is related to it:  --The degree of drought is largely a function of temperature and drainage.//\n  4 [C] one of the basic operations performed by a computer:\nfunction 2 v [I] \n  1 to work in the correct or intended way:  function normally/correctly/properly etc //  --Flights in and out of Taipei are functioning normally again.//  --Her legs have now ceased to function .//  --You know I can’t function  (=cannot perform normal activities) without a coffee in the morning.//\n  2 if something functions in a particular way, it works in that way:  --an understanding of how the economy functions//  function as [function as sth] phr v//  if something functions as a particular thing, it does what that type of thing normally does, or is used as that thing//  --A library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with casualties.//


Words: function word
Meaning:
n [C]   a word that does not mean anything on its own, but shows the relationship between other words in a sentence, for example words such as ’but’ or ’if’//


Words: functional
Meaning:
adj \n  1 designed to be useful rather than beautiful or attractive:  → decorative//  --buildings that are sensitively designed, not purely functional //\n  2 something that is functional is working correctly:   operational//  --By 2004, the Supertram is expected to be fully functional .//\n  3 relating to the purpose of something:  --The two departments have slight functional differences.//  -- functionally adv //


Words: functional food
Meaning:
n [U and C]   food that is designed to improve health and lower the risk of disease, for example by increasing the amount of vitamins in it, or removing some of the fat//   nutraceuticals//


Words: functionalism
Meaning:
n [U]   the idea that the most important thing about a building, piece of furniture etc is that it is useful//  -- functionalist n  [C] //  -- functionalist adj //


Words: functionality
Meaning:
n   plural  functionalities  [U and C] //  one or all of the operations that a computer, software program, or piece of equipment is able to perform//


Words: functionary
Meaning:
n   plural  functionaries  [C] //  someone who has a job doing unimportant or boring official duties//  --a meeting of Party functionaries//


Words: fund
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: fundus  ’bottom, piece of land’]//\n  1 [C] an amount of money that is collected and kept for a particular purpose:  --The house fell into disrepair until a restoration fund was set up .//  pension/hardship/compensation etc fund //    funding,  trust fund//\n  2  funds [plural] money that an organization needs or has:  --A sale is being held to raise funds for the school.//  government/public funds //  --claims that ministers had misused public funds//  --The park remains unfinished due to lack of funds .//  --The Museum is so short of funds  (=has so little money) it may have to sell the painting.//\n  3 [singular] an organization that collects money, for example to help people who are ill, old etc:    charity//  --We give to the Children’s Fund every Christmas.//\n  4  a fund of sth:  a large supply of something//  --He had a fund of stories about his boyhood.//\n  5  in funds:   formal having enough money to do something//\nfund 2 W3S3 v [T]   to provide money for an activity, organization, event etc//  --The project is jointly funded by several local companies.//  --government-funded research//


Words: fundamental
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: fundament  ’basic part’ (13-21 centuries), from  Latin fundus;   FUND1]//\n  1 relating to the most basic and important parts of something:  --We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem.//  fundamental change/difference/distinction/shift etc //  --a fundamental difference in opinion//  fundamental mistake/error //  --Novice programmers sometimes make fundamental errors.//  --the fundamental principles of liberty and equality//\n  2 very necessary and important:  -- fundamental human rights //  fundamental to//  --Water is fundamental to survival.//


Words: fundamentalist
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who follows religious laws very strictly:  --Muslim fundamentalists//\n  2 a Christian who believes that everything in the Bible is completely and actually true:  -- fundamentalism n  [U] //  -- fundamentalist adj //  --a fundamentalist doctrine//


Words: fundamentally
Meaning:
adv   in every way that is important or basic//  --The conclusions of the report are fundamentally wrong .//  --The political culture of the US is fundamentally different .//


Words: fundamentals
Meaning:
n   the fundamentals (of sth)//  the most important ideas, rules etc that something is based on//  --an introduction to the fundamentals of design and print production//


Words: funding
Meaning:
n [U]   money that is provided by an organization for a particular purpose//  --College directors have called for more government funding.//


Words: fundraiser
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone who collects money for a charity, political party etc, for example by arranging social events that people pay to attend:\n  2 an event that is organized to collect money for a charity, political party etc:


Words: fundraising
Meaning:
n [U]   the activity of collecting money for a specific purpose, especially in order to help people who are ill, old etc//  --an Action Pack full of fundraising ideas//


Words: funeral
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: funeralis, from  Latin funus  ’funeral’]//\n  1 a religious ceremony for burying or cremating (=burning)  someone who has died:    burial, cremation//  --The funeral will be held at St. Martin’s Church.//  --Hundreds of mourners attended the funeral of the two boys.//  --the minister who conducted the funeral service //  --Nelson’s funeral procession down the Thames//  --Ramdas, the third son of the Mahatma, set fire to the funeral pyre .//  funeral expenses/costs //\n  2  it’s your funeral:   spoken used to warn someone that they, and no one else, must deal with the results of their actions//


Words: funerary
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: funerarius, from  Latin funus;   FUNERAL]//  relating to a funeral or the place where someone is buried//  --a funerary monument//


Words: funereal
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: funereus, from  funus;   FUNERAL]//  sad, slow, and suitable for a funeral//  --funereal music//  --moving at a funeral pace//


Words: funfair
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a noisy outdoor event where you can ride on machines, play games to win prizes etc//   fair//


Words: fungus
Meaning:
n   plural  fungi /-d[hA360]a[hA366], -ga[hA366]/ or  funguses //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin]//  [U and C] a simple type of plant that has no leaves or flowers and that grows on plants or other surfaces. mushrooms and mould are both fungi.//


Words: Fungus the Bogeyman
Meaning:
a children’s book by the British writer Raymond Briggs. It contains a lot of funny pictures of Fungus the Bogeyman, a silly creature who is smelly, dirty, ugly, and everything that children are not supposed to be.//


Words: funicular
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: funiculus  ’small rope’, from  funis  ’rope’]//  a small railway that carries people up and down a steep hill or mountain, pulled by a thick metal rope//


Words: funk
Meaning:
n [U]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: funky]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Probably from  Flemish fonck]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Perhaps from  French funquer  ’to produce smoke’]//\n  1 a style of music with a strong rhythm that is based on jazz and African music:\n  2  in a (blue) funk:   AmE  informal very unhappy, worried, or afraid//  --She’s in a funk about giving her talk on Sunday.//\n  3  AmE  informal a strong smell that comes from someone’s body:\nfunk 2 v [T]  BrE  old-fashioned   to avoid doing something because it is difficult, or because you are afraid//


Words: funky
Meaning:
adj  informal   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  FUNK3]//\n  1 modern, fashionable, and interesting:  --Add a touch of style with these functional yet funky wall lights.//\n  2 funky music is simple with a strong rhythm that is easy to dance to:\n  3  AmE having a bad smell or a dirty appearance:


Words: funnel
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old Proven[hA168]al; Origin: fonilh, from  Latin infundibulum, from  fundere  ’to pour’]//\n  1 a thin tube with a wide top that you use for pouring liquid into a container with a narrow opening, such as a bottle:\n  2  BrE a metal chimney that allows smoke from a steam engine or steam-ship to get out:\nfunnel 2 v   past tense and past participle  funnelled present participle  funnelling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  funneled present participle  funneling  AmE //\n  1 [I,T always + adverb/preposition] if you funnel something somewhere, or if it funnels there, it goes there by passing through a narrow opening:  --Police at the barriers funnelled the crowd into the arena.//  --Incoming tides funnel up the channel with enormous power.//\n  2 [T always + adverb/preposition] to send money, information etc from various places to someone:   channel//  --His office funneled millions of dollars in secret contributions to the re-election campaign.//


Words: funnily
Meaning:
adv \n  1  funnily enough:   spoken used to say that something is unexpected or strange//  --Funnily enough, I was just about to call you when you called me.//\n  2 in an amusing or strange way:


Words: funny
Meaning:
adj   comparative  funnier superlative  funniest //  ----------//\n   1 amusing:\n   2 strange:\n   3 dishonest:\n   4 a funny look:\n   5 ill:\n   6 crazy:\n   7 go funny:\n   8 very funny!:\n   9 I’m not being funny (but):\n  10 funny little something:\n  11 funny peculiar or funny ha-ha?:  ----------//  [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: fun]//\n  1 AMUSING:  making you laugh//  funny story/joke/film etc //  --Do you remember any funny stories about work?//  hilariously/hysterically/wickedly funny //  --a wickedly funny scene from the film//  --a search for the funniest man in Britain//  --If this is your idea of a joke, I don’t find it at all funny .//  --Luckily, when I explained the situation, he saw the funny side  (=recognized that it was partly funny) .//  --His laughter stopped her mid-sentence. ’What’s so funny?’ she demanded.//  -- It’s not funny  (=don’t laugh) , Paul; poor Teresa was nearly in tears.//\n  2 STRANGE:  unusual, strange, or difficult to explain//  --I had a funny feeling something was going to happen.//  --What’s that funny smell?//  -- It’s funny how you remember the words of songs, even ones you don’t really like.//  It’s funny (that)//  --It’s funny that the kids are so quiet.//  -- That’s funny . I was sure I had $5 in my purse, but it’s not there now.//  --People tell me I ran the greatest race of my life, but the funny thing is I can’t remember much about it.//  -- It’s a funny old world  (=strange or unusual things happen in life) .//\n  3 DISHONEST:  appearing to be illegal, dishonest, or wrong//  --There’s  something funny going on  here.//  --Remember, Marvin, no funny business while we’re out.//\n  4  a funny look:  if you give someone a funny look, you look at them in a way that shows you think they are behaving strangely//  --I hunkered down, ignoring the funny looks from passers-by.//\n  5 ILL:  feeling slightly ill//  --I always feel funny after a long car ride.//\n  6 CRAZY:   BrE  informal slightly crazy//  --After his wife died he went a bit funny .//\n  7  go funny:   informal if a machine, piece of equipment etc goes funny, it stops working properly//  --I just turned it on and the screen went all funny.//\n  8  very funny!:   spoken used when someone is laughing at you or playing a trick and you do not think it is amusing//  --Very funny! Who’s hidden my car keys?//\n  9  I’m not being funny (but):   BrE  spoken used when you are serious or do not want to offend someone//  --I’m not being funny, but we haven’t got much time.//\n  10  funny little sth:  used to describe something you like because it is small, unusual, or interesting//  --The town centre is crammed with funny little shops.//  --his funny little grin//\n  11  funny peculiar or funny ha-ha?:   BrE funny weird/strange or funny ha-ha?  AmE used when someone has described something as funny and you want to know whether they mean it is strange or amusing//  --’Tim’s a funny guy.’ ’Funny weird or funny ha-ha?’//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Do not use funny to mean ’enjoyable’. Use fun : The picnic was really fun. //  WORD FOCUS: funny //  similar words: amusing,  humorous,  witty,  comical //  very funny: hilarious,  hysterical //  something that someone says that is intended to make people laugh: joke,  pun,  play on words //  See also:  comedy, irony, satire, comedian//  ----------//


Words: funny farm
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   an expression meaning a psychiatric hospital that some people consider offensive - used humorously//


Words: funnyman
Meaning:
n   plural  funnymen /-men/ [C] //  a man who works as a comedian - used in newspapers etc//  --the nation’s best-loved funnyman//


Words: funnywoman
Meaning:
n   plural  funnywomen /-w[hA366]m[hA366]n/ [C] //  a woman who works as a comedian - used in newspapers etc//


Words: fur
Meaning:
n   fur, paw, claw//  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: fur  ’to cover the inside of with fur’ (14-19 centuries), from  Old French forrer, from  forre  ’inside covering’]//\n  1 [U] the thick soft hair that covers the bodies of some animals, such as cats, dogs, and rabbits:    furry(1)//  2 [U and C] the skin of a dead animal with the fur still attached//  --a fur coat//  --a fur-lined jacket//  --a ban on fur farming  (=keeping and killing animals for their fur) //\n  3 [C] a coat or piece of clothing made of fur:  --Lady Yolanda was swathed in elegant furs.//\n  4 [U] a material that looks and feels like fur:  imitation/fake/artificial etc fur //  --a pair of gloves trimmed with fake fur//\n  5 [U] a harmful or unpleasant substance that sometimes forms on surfaces that are always wet, such as water pipes:   scale//\n  6  the fur flies:  used to say that an angry argument or fight starts//  --If you’re both feeling frustrated, the fur may fly.//\nfur 2   past tense and past participle  furred present participle  furring  also fur up  BrE v [I] //  to become covered with an unwanted substance//  -- furred adj //  --Symptoms include dry lips and a furred tongue.//


Words: Furies
Meaning:
The   in Greek  mythology, three frightening goddesses who had snakes instead of hair and who punished people for doing bad things, especially people who murdered members of their own family//


Words: furious
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: furieus, from  Latin furia;   FURY]//\n  1 very angry:  furious at/about//  --Residents in the area are furious at the decision.//  furious with//  --She was furious with herself for letting things get out of hand.//  furious that//  --Her family are furious that her name has been published by the press.//  --She was absolutely furious .//\n  2 [usually before noun] done with a lot of energy, effort, or speed:  --Neil set off at a furious pace .//  furious debate/argument etc //  --There was a furious row over the proposals.//  --The action is fast and furious .//   fury//  -- furiously adv //


Words: furled
Meaning:
adj   a furled newspaper, flag etc has been rolled or folded neatly//  --He held a furled umbrella in one hand.//  -- furl v  [T] //


Words: furlong
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: furlang, from  furh  ’furrow’ +  lang  ’long’]//  a unit for measuring length, equal to about 201 metres, which is used in horse racing. There are eight furlongs in a mile.//


Words: furlough
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Dutch; Origin: verlof  ’permission’]//\n  1 a period of time when a soldier or someone working in another country can return to their own country:   leave//  --a young soldier home on furlough //\n  2  AmE a period of time when workers are told not to work, especially because there is not enough money to pay them:    layoff//  --workers forced to take a long, unpaid furlough//\n  3  AmE a short period of time during which a prisoner is allowed to leave prison before returning:  --Morton stabbed the man while on furlough .//  -- furlough v  [T]  AmE //  --280,000 federal workers have been furloughed.//


Words: furnace
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: fornaise, from  Latin fornax]//\n  1 a large container for a very hot fire, used to produce power, heat, or liquid metal:\n  2 a piece of equipment used to heat a building:


Words: furnish
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: furnir  ’to complete, provide equipment’]//\n  1 to put furniture and other things into a house or room:  --Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it.//  furnish sth with sth//  --a room furnished with a desk and swivel chair//\n  2  formal to supply or provide something:  --Will these finds furnish more information on prehistoric man?//  furnish sb/sth with sth//  --John was furnished with a list of local solicitors.//  -- furnished adj //  --The bedrooms are elegantly furnished.//  --a fully furnished flat//


Words: furnishings
Meaning:
n [plural]   the furniture and other things, such as curtains, in a room//  --a home furnishings store//


Words: furniture
Meaning:
W3S2   n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: fourniture, from  Old French furnir;   FURNISH]//  large objects such as chairs, tables, beds, and cupboards//  --I helped him choose the furniture for his house.//  --I can’t think of a single piece of furniture in my house that I bought new.//  --office furniture//


Words: furore
Meaning:
AmE [singular]   a sudden expression of anger among a large group of people about something that has happened//   row//  cause/create a furore //  --The security leaks have caused a widespread furore.//  furore over/about//  --the furor over the oil embargo//


Words: furrow
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: furh]//\n  1 a deep line or fold in the skin of someone’s face, especially on the forehead:    wrinkle//  --A deep furrow appeared between his brows.//\n  2 a wide deep line made in the surface of something, especially the ground:  --the regular furrows of a plowed field//  --The river cuts a long straight furrow between the hills.//\nfurrow 2 v \n  1 [I and T] to make the skin on your face form deep lines or folds, especially because you are worried or thinking hard:  --Quin’s brow furrowed in concentration.//\n  2 [T] to make a wide, deep line in the surface of something:  -- furrowed adj //  --a furrowed brow//


Words: furry
Meaning:
adj \n  1 covered with fur or short threads:    fluffy//  --furry kittens//  --pink furry slippers//  --furry leaves//\n  2  furry friends:   informal used humorously to talk about animals in general//    feathered friend//


Words: further
Meaning:
adv   ----------//\n   1 more:\n   2 take something further:\n   3 distance:\n   4 time:\n   5 in addition:\n   6 further to something:\n   7 nothing could be further from the truth:\n   8 nothing could be/is further from somebody’s mind/thoughts:\n   9 something must not go any further:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: furthor; related to  forth]//\n  1 MORE:  more, or to a greater degree//  --A spokesman declined to comment until the evidence could be studied further.//  --The flavour of the wine is further improved during the aging period.//  --Whaling in Australia was stopped. But the Australian government went further  (=said or did something more extreme) and proposed a global ban.//  further into/away etc//  --Marcus sank further and further into debt.//\n  2  take sth further:  to take action at a more serious or higher level, especially in order to get the result you want//  --The police do not propose to take the matter further .//  take sth a stage/step further //  --Critics want the government to take this one stage further and ban the film altogether.//\n  3 DISTANCE:   also  farther//  a greater distance, or beyond a particular place//  --They walked a little further.//  further up/away/along etc//  --His farm is located further away from Riobamba than his brother’s.//  --His hands moved further down her back.//  --They’ve never been further south than San Diego.//\n  4 TIME:  into the past or the future//  further back/on/ahead etc//  --Five years further on, a cure has still not been found.//  --The records don’t go any further back than 1960.//  --It might be a sign, much further down the road  (=in the future) , of a change in policy.//\n  5 IN ADDITION:   [sentence adverb]  formal used to introduce something additional that you want to talk about//   furthermore//  --Butter sales have fallen because margarine has improved in flavor. Further, butter consumption has decreased because of links to heart disease.//\n  6  further to sth:   written  formal used in letters to mention a previous letter, conversation etc about the same matter//  --Further to your letter of February 5th, we can confirm your order.//\n  7  nothing could be further from the truth:  used when you want to say that something is completely untrue//  --People often described him as a bitter academic, but nothing could be further from the truth.//\n  8  nothing could be/is further from sb’s mind/thoughts:  used to emphasize that someone is not thinking about or intending something//\n  9  sth must not go any further:  used to say that something you are telling someone is secret or private//\nfurther 2 adj [only before noun] \n  1 more or additional:  --Are there any further questions?//  --We have decided to take no further action .//  further details/information etc //  --Visit our website for further details.//  a further 10 miles/5 minutes etc //  --Cook gently for a further 10 minutes.//\n  2  until further notice:  until you are told that something has changed//  --Lacunza ordered the suspension of the elections until further notice.//\nfurther 3 v [T]   to help something progress or be successful//    promote//  --He dedicated his life to furthering the cause of world peace.//  --Alan had been using her to further his career .//


Words: further education
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   abbreviation FE education for adults after leaving school, that is not at a university//    higher education//


Words: furtherance
Meaning:
n [U]  formal   the act or process of helping something progress or be done//  furtherance of//  --the furtherance of science//  in furtherance of sth//  --Staff are encouraged to use information resources in furtherance of their own professional interests.//


Words: furthermore
Meaning:
W3   adv [sentence adverb]  formal   in addition to what has already been said//  --He is old and unpopular. Furthermore, he has at best only two years of political life ahead of him.//


Words: furthest
Meaning:
adj, adv \n  1 at the greatest distance from a place or point in time:   farthest//  --There was a huge tapestry on the furthest wall.//  furthest away/from//  --He walked slowly toward the end of the jury box furthest from the judge.//\n  2 more or to a greater degree than other people or things, or than before:  --Maltby’s book has probably gone furthest in explaining these events.//


Words: furtive
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: furtif, from  Latin fur  ’thief’]//  behaving as if you want to keep something secret//   secretive//  --There was something furtive about his actions.//  furtive glances/looks //  --Chris kept stealing furtive glances at me.//  -- furtively adv //  --She opened the door and looked furtively down the hall.//  -- furtiveness n  [U] //


Words: fury
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: furie, from  Latin furia, from  furere;   FUROR]//\n  1 [U] extreme, often uncontrolled anger:   rage//  --I was shaking with fury .//  --Jenny stepped forward, her eyes blazing with fury .//  --The report was leaked to the press, much to the president’s fury.//\n  2 [singular] a feeling of extreme anger:  --’Go on then!’ shouted Jamie in a fury . ’See if I care!’//\n  3  a fury of sth:  a state of very busy activity or strong feeling//  --She was listening with such a fury of concentration that she did not notice Arthur had left.//  --In a fury of frustration and fear Nina bit his hand.//\n  4  like fury:   informal with great effort or energy//  --We went out and played like fury.//\n  5 [U]  literary used to describe very bad weather conditions:  --At last the fury of the storm lessened.//\n  6  Fury:  one of the three snake-haired goddesses in ancient Greek stories who punished crime//   furious//


Words: fuse
Meaning:
n [C]   [Sense: 1; Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  FUSE2]//  [Sense: 2,3; Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: fuso  ’spindle (= long thin part which turns around)’, from  Latin fusus]//\n  1 a short thin piece of wire inside electrical equipment which prevents damage by melting and stopping the electricity when there is too much power:  --two 13 amp fuses//  --I taught him how to change a fuse .//  blow a fuse (=make it melt by putting too much electricity through it) //\n  2  also  fuze AmE a thing that delays a bomb, firework etc from exploding until you are a safe distance away, or makes it explode at a particular time:\n  3  a short fuse:  if someone has a short fuse, they get angry very easily//    blow a fuse at blow1 (16)//\nfuse 2 v [I and T]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: fusus, past participle of  fundere  ’to pour, melt’]//\n  1 to join together physically, or to make things join together, and become a single thing:  fuse (sth) together//  --The egg and sperm fuse together as one cell.//\n  2 to combine different qualities, ideas, or things, or to be combined:   merge//  --Their music fuses elements as diverse as Cajun, bebop and Cuban waltzes.//  fuse (sth) with sth//  --Leonard takes Carver-style dirty realism and fuses it with the pace of a detective story.//  fuse (sth) into sth//  --We intend to fuse the companies into a single organization.//\n  3  BrE if electrical equipment fuses, or if you fuse it, it stops working because a fuse has melted:  --The lights have fused again.//\n  4  technical if a rock or metal fuses, or if ,you fuse it, it becomes liquid by being heated:  --Lead fuses at quite a low temperature.//    fusion//


Words: fuselage
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: fusele  ’spindle-shaped’, from  Latin fusus;   FUSE1]//  the main part of a plane, in which people sit or goods are carried//


Words: fusillade
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: fusiller  ’to shoot’, from  Late Latin focus  ’fire’]//\n  1 a quick series of shots fired from a gun, or a quick series of other objects that are thrown:  fusillade of//  --a fusillade of bullets//\n  2 a quick series of questions or remarks:


Words: fusion
Meaning:
n [U and C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: fusio, from  fundere  ’to pour, melt’]//\n  1 a combination of separate qualities or ideas:  --Her work is a fusion of several different styles.//  --the best fusion cuisine in the whole of Vancouver//\n  2 a physical combination of separate things:    fission//  --the energy that comes from the fusion of hydrogen atoms//    nuclear fusion//\n  3 a type of music which mixes jazz with other types of music, especially rock:    fuse2 //


Words: fuss
Meaning:
S3   n [singular, U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from the sound of someone breathing quickly and excitedly]//\n  1 anxious behaviour or activity that is usually about unimportant things:  --James said he’d better be getting back or there’d be a fuss .//  --The Steamatic enables you to clean any carpet with the minimum of fuss .//\n  2 attention or excitement that is usually unnecessary or unwelcome:  --They wanted a quiet wedding without any fuss.//  --Until I heard her sing I couldn’t see what all the fuss was about  (=why people liked it so much) .//\n  3  make a fuss/kick up a fuss (about sth):  to complain or become angry about something, especially when this is not necessary//  --Josie kicked up a fuss because the soup was too salty.//  --I don’t know why you’re making such a fuss about it.//\n  4  make a fuss of sb/sth:   BrE make a fuss over sb/sth  AmE to pay a lot of attention to someone or something, to show that you are pleased with them or like them//  --Make a fuss of your dog when he behaves properly.//\nfuss 2 v [I] \n  1 to worry a lot about things that may not be very important:  --I wish you’d stop fussing - I’ll be perfectly all right.//\n  2 to pay too much attention to small unimportant details:  fuss with/around/about//  --Paul was fussing with his clothes, trying to get his tie straight.//\n  3  AmE to behave in an unhappy or angry way:  --The baby woke up and started to fuss.//  fuss over / [fuss over sb/sth] phr v//  to pay a lot of attention or too much attention to someone or something, especially to show that you are pleased with them or like them//  --His aunts fussed over him all the time.//


Words: fussed
Meaning:
adj   not be fussed (about sth)//   BrE  spoken to not mind what happens or is done//   bothered//  --’Where do you want to go?’ ’I’m not fussed.’//


Words: fussy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  fussier superlative  fussiest //\n  1 very concerned about small, usually unimportant details, and difficult to please:  fussy about//  --Leonora was fussy about her looks.//  --A lot of small children are fussy eaters (=they dislike many types of food) .//  --’Do you want to go out or just rent a movie?’ ’I’m not fussy.’ (=I don’t mind) //\n  2 fussy clothes, objects, buildings etc are very detailed and decorated - used to show disapproval:  → plain, simple//  --The furniture looked comfortable, nothing fussy or too elaborate.//\n  3 with small, exact, and careful actions, sometimes showing nervousness:  --She patted her hair with small fussy movements.//  -- fussily adv //  -- fussiness n  [U] //


Words: fustian
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: fustaine, probably from  Latin fustis  ’heavy wooden stick’]//\n  1 a type of rough heavy cotton cloth, worn especially in the past:\n  2  literary words that sound important but have very little meaning:  -- fustian adj //


Words: fusty
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: fust  ’wooden wine container’ (15-16 centuries), from  Old French, from  Latin fustis;   FUSTIAN]//\n  1 if rooms, clothes, buildings etc are fusty, they have an unpleasant smell, because they have not been used for a long time:   musty//\n  2  informal ideas or people that are fusty are old-fashioned:  --fusty old academics//  -- fustiness n  [U] //


Words: futile
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: futilis  ’that pours out easily, useless’]//  actions that are futile are useless because they have no chance of being successful//   pointless//  a futile attempt/effort //  --a futile attempt to save the paintings from the flames//  --My efforts to go back to sleep proved futile.//  it is futile to do sth//  --It was futile to continue the negotiations.//  -- futility/fju[hA359]t[hA366]l[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //  --This sums up Owen’s thoughts on the futility of war.//


Words: futon
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Japanese]//  a mattress used for sleeping on, especially in Japan//


Words: future
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: futur, from  Latin futurus  ’going to be’]//\n  1 likely to happen or exist at a time after the present:  --We are now more able to predict future patterns of climate change.//  --We’ve been able to save this land from development and preserve it for future generations .//  --the debate over the future development of the European Union//  future wife/husband/son-in-law etc (=someone who will be your wife, husband, son-in-law etc) //\n  2  technical the form of a verb used for talking about things that are going to happen:  --the future tense//\n  3  for future reference:  something kept for future reference is kept in order to be used or looked at in the future//\nfuture 2 n \n  1  the future:  a) the time after the present//  --What are your plans for the future?//  --It may be useful at some time in the future .//  in the near/immediate future (=soon) //  --The recession shows no signs of easing in the immediate future.//  in/for the foreseeable future (=for as long as you can imagine or plan for) //  --We will not be hiring anyone else in the foreseeable future.//  --We hope to create more jobs in the not too distant future  (=fairly soon) .//  --Our firm must look to the future  (=plan for what will happen) .//  b)  technical the form of a verb that shows that something will happen or exist at a later time. In the sentence, ’I will leave tomorrow,’ the verb is in the future.//\n  2  in future:   BrE from now//  --In future, staff must wear identity badges at all times.//\n  3 [C] what someone or something will do or what will happen to them in the future:  --The islands should have the right to decide their own future.//  future of//  --Ferguson is optimistic about the future of the business.//  --I’ve decided to return to Mitford and stay there, no matter what the future holds .//  --She’s only 17, and has a great future ahead of her in tennis.//  --Let us hope our future lies in peace, not war.//  --For small companies, the  future looks bleak .//  --The film-makers asked children about their hopes for the future .//  --a leader who will shape the organization’s future //\n  4  have a/no future:  to have a chance or no chance of being successful or continuing//  --Does this school have a future?//\n  5  there’s a/no future in sth:  used to say that something is likely or not likely to be successful//  --He felt there was no future in farming.//\n  6  futures [plural]  technical goods, money, land etc that will be supplied or exchanged in the future at a time and price that has already been agreed:  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 3 //  what the future holds (=what will happen) //  have a great/bright/promising future (ahead of you) (=have a good chance of being successful in the future) //  somebody’s/something’s future lies in/with something (=someone or something will be involved with something in the future) //  the future looks good/bright/bleak etc //  face an uncertain/bleak/dark future //  fears/hopes/plans for the future //  shape the future (=help to decide what will happen in the future) //  foretell/predict the future //  a brighter future //  ----------//


Words: future perfect
Meaning:
n  technical   the future perfect//  the form of a verb that shows that the action described will be complete before a particular time in the future, formed in English by ’will have’ or ’shall have’, as in ’I will have finished by 5 o’clock.’//  -- future perfect adj //


Words: futurism
Meaning:
n [U]   a style of art, music, and literature in the early 20th century which emphasized the importance of modern things, especially technology and machines//  -- futurist n  [C] //


Words: futuristic
Meaning:
adj \n  1 something which is futuristic looks unusual and modern, as if it belongs in the future instead of the present:  --The futuristic sports stadium is the pride of the city.//\n  2 futuristic ideas, books, films etc imagine what may happen in the future, especially through scientific developments:  --Orwell’s disturbing futuristic novel, ’1984’//


Words: futurology
Meaning:
n [U]   the activity of trying to say correctly what will happen in the future//  -- futurologist n  [C] //


Words: futz
Meaning:
v   futz around phr v//  [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  Yiddish arumfartzen  ’to fart around’]//  to waste time, especially by doing small, unimportant jobs slowly//  --I spent the entire day just futzing around.//


Words: fuzz
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from  fuzzy]//\n  1 [singular, U] thin soft hair or a substance like hair that covers something:  --When Jack was born he had a fuzz of black hair on his head.//\n  2 [U]  AmE a small amount of soft material that has come from clothing etc:   fluff//\n  3  the fuzz:   informal an insulting way of talking to or about the police, used especially in the 1960s and 1970s//


Words: fuzzy
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Perhaps from  Low German fussig  ’loose’]//\n  1 if a sound or picture is fuzzy, it is unclear:    blurred//  --Some of the photos were so fuzzy it was hard to tell who was who.//\n  2 unclear or confused:  → clear//  --There’s a fuzzy line between parents’ and schools’ responsibilities.//\n  3 covered with soft short hair or fur:  --I stroked the kitten’s fuzzy back.//\n  4 fuzzy hair is very curly and sticks straight up:  -- fuzzily adv //  -- fuzziness n  [U] //


Words: FWIW
Meaning:
for what it is worth; an abbreviation used in emails, to say that you are not sure if what you are writing is very useful//


Words: FYI
Meaning:
fyi  for your information used especially in short business notes and emails, when you are telling someone something they need to know//


Words: G
Meaning:
g/d[hA360]i[hA359]/ n   plural  G’s  g’s //\n  1 [U and C] the seventh letter of the English alphabet:\n  2 [U and C] the fifth note in the musical scale of C major or the musical key based on this note:\n  3 [singular,U]  AmE used to describe a film that has been officially approved as suitable for people of any age:    PG//  British Equivalent:  U//\n  4 [C]  technical a unit for measuring the force caused by gravity on an object as it starts to move faster and faster:  --Astronauts endure a force of several G’s during take-off.//  --high g-forces //\n  5 [U]  AmE a grand (=$1000) :


Words: G-spot
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Ernst  Gr[hA165]fenberg (1881-1957), German doctor who discovered the spot]//  the place in a woman’s vagina where she is thought to feel the most sexual pleasure//


Words: G-string
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  G string  ’fourth string on a violin’, perhaps influenced by gee]//  a very small piece of underwear that covers only the sexual organs//


Words: G8
Meaning:
n   the G8//  eight of the most important industrial nations in the world (Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the US) who meet regularly to discuss the world economic situation//


Words: g[hA163]teau plural
Meaning:
g[hA163]teaux  n [U and C]  BrE   a large sweet cake, often filled and decorated with cream, fruit, chocolate etc//


Words: gab
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gabbed present participle  gabbing  [I + about]  informal //  [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Probably from  gabble]//  to talk continuously, usually about things that are not important//  --You two were gabbing so much you didn’t even see me!//  -- gabby adj //    the gift of the gab at gift(5)//


Words: gabardine
Meaning:
gaberdine/g[zB024]b[hA353]di[hA359]n, g[zB024]b[hA353]di[hA359]n $ g[zB024]b[hA353]rdi[hA359]n/ n   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: gauvardine  ’long coat’]//\n  1 [U] a strong material which does not allow water to go through and is often used for making coats:\n  2 [C] a coat made from gabardine:


Words: gabble
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gabbled present participle  gabbling  [I and T] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Middle Dutch gabbelen]//  to say something so quickly that people cannot hear you clearly or understand you properly//  --Just calm down, stop gabbling, and tell me what has happened.//  --Gina tends to gabble away when she’s excited.//\ngabble 2 n [singular,U]   a lot of talking that is difficult to understand, especially when several people are talking at the same time//   babble//  --a gabble of voices//


Words: Gable
Meaning:
Clark   (1901-60) a US film actor who appeared in many films especially in the 1930s and 1940s. He is most famous for appearing as the character Rhett  Butler in  Gone With The Wind (1939), and his other films include  It Happened One Night (1934) and  Mutiny on the Bounty (1935).//


Words: gable
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Old Norse gafl]//  the upper end of a house wall where it joins with a sloping roof and makes a shape like a triangle//  --the gable end of the barn//


Words: Gabon
Meaning:
a country in west central Africa on the Atlantic Ocean. Population: 1,221,000 (2001). Capital: Libreville.//  -- Gabonese n  adj //


Words: Gabriel
Meaning:
in the Bible, an  archangel who brings messages from God to people on Earth. In art, Gabriel is often shown blowing a  trumpet. According to Christian belief, he was sent by God to tell  Mary that she would be the mother of  Jesus. In the Muslim religion, Gabriel gave Muhammad the messages from Allah which form  the  Koran.//


Words: gad
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gadded present participle  gadding //  gad about/around phr v//  [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably frpm  gadling  ’person who goes along with you, wanderer’ (11-18 centuries), from  Old English g[zB024]deling]//   informal to go out and enjoy yourself, going to many different places, especially when you should be doing something else//  --While I’m at home cooking, he’s gadding about with his friends.//


Words: gadfly
Meaning:
n   plural  gadflies  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: gad  ’pointed stick’ (13-19 centuries) (from  Old Norse gaddr) +   FLY2]//\n  1 someone who annoys other people by criticizing them:\n  2 a fly that bites cattle and horses:


Words: gadget
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  French g[hA163]chette  ’fastener of a lock’]//  a small, useful, and cleverly-designed machine or tool//  --a neat gadget for sharpening knives//   see usage note  machine1 //


Words: gadgetry
Meaning:
n [U]   modern gadgets in general - sometimes used in order to show disapproval//  --I don’t understand how all this electronic gadgetry works.//


Words: Gadsden Purchase
Meaning:
the Gadsden Purchase//  an area of land in what is now Arizona and New Mexico, which was bought by the US from Mexico in 1853//


Words: Gaelic
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Gael  ’Gaelic person’ (18-21 centuries), from  Scottish Gaelic Gaidheal]//  one of the Celtic languages, especially spoken in parts of Scotland and in Ireland//  -- Gaelic adj //  --Gaelic poetry//


Words: Gaelic football
Meaning:
n [U]   a game played in Ireland between two teams of 15 players, using a round ball that can be kicked or hit with the hands//


Words: gaff
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: gaffe, from  Proven[hA168]al gaf]//\n  1  BrE  informal the place where someone lives:  --a wretched dirty gaff//\n  2 a stick with a hook at the end, used to pull big fish out of the water:


Words: gaffe
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin:  GAFF]//  an embarrassing mistake made in a social situation or in public//   faux pas//  --The consul’s comments were a major diplomatic gaffe.//


Words: gaffer
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  godfather]//\n  1 the person who is in charge of the lighting in making a cinema film:\n  2  BrE  informal an old man - used humorously:\n  3  BrE  informal a man who is in charge of people, especially in a factory:   boss//


Words: gag
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gagged present participle  gagging //  [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from the sound of someone being prevented from breathing]//\n  1 [I] to be unable to swallow and feel as if you are about to bring up food from your stomach:  --The foul smell made her gag.//  gag on//  --He almost gagged on his first mouthful of food.//\n  2 [T] to put a piece of cloth over someone’s mouth to stop them making a noise:  --Thugs gagged her and tied her to a chair.//  --He left his victim bound and gagged  (=tied up and with something over their mouth that stops them speaking) .//\n  3 [T] to stop people saying what they want to say and expressing their opinions:  --an attempt to gag political activists//    gag order,  gag rule//\n  4  be gagging to do sth/be gagging for sth:   BrE  informal to be very eager to do or have something//  --They were gagging to sign the contract.//\n  5  be gagging for it:   BrE  informal to be very eager to have sex//\ngag 2 n [C] \n  1  informal a joke or funny story:  --He told a few gags.//  --It was a bit of a running gag  (=a joke which is repeated) in the show.//\n  2 a piece of cloth put over someone’s mouth to stop them making a noise:


Words: gag order
Meaning:
n [C]   an order made by the court to prevent any public reporting of a case which is still being considered by a court of law//


Words: gag rule
Meaning:
n [C]   a rule or law that stops people from talking about a subject during a particular time or in a particular place//


Words: gaga
Meaning:
adj [not before noun]  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: gaga  ’stupid person’]//\n  1 an insulting word used to describe someone who is confused because they are old:  --Sid keeps forgetting my name. I think he’s going a bit gaga.//\n  2 having a strong but often temporary feeling of love for someone:   infatuated//  gaga about/over//  --I can’t imagine why Susan is so gaga about him.//


Words: Gagarin
Meaning:
Yuri   (1934-68) a Soviet  astronaut. On 12th April 1961 he became the first man in space when he travelled round the Earth in Vostok I.//


Words: gaggle
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: gaggle  ’to make the sound of geese, to talk noisily’ (14-19 centuries), from the sound]//\n  1  a gaggle of tourists/children etc:  a noisy group of people//  --a gaggle of teenage girls//\n  2  a gaggle of geese:  a group of geese//


Words: gaiety
Meaning:
n  old-fashioned   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: gaite, from  gai;   GAY1]//\n  1 [U] when someone or something is cheerful and fun:  --Lars enjoyed the warmth and gaiety of these occasions.//    gay1 (3)//\n  2  gaieties [plural] enjoyable events or activities:  --Elaine missed the gaieties of life in Paris.//


Words: gaily
Meaning:
adv   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  GAY1]//\n  1 in a happy way:   cheerfully//  --’Morning, Albert,’ she called gaily.//\n  2 in a way that shows you do not care about, or do not realize, the effects of your actions:  --They gaily went on talking after the film had started.//\n  3  gaily coloured/painted/decorated etc:  having bright cheerful colours//  --gaily coloured tropical birds//


Words: gain
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 get something:\n   2 get gradually:\n   3 advantage:\n   4 increase:\n   5 gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something):\n   6 gain an understanding/insight/impression etc:\n   7 gain ground:\n   8 gain time:\n   9 clock:\n  10 arrive:  Phrasal verbs//   gain on somebody/something//  ----------//  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gagner, from  Old French gaaignier  ’to prepare the ground for growing crops, earn, gain’]//\n  1 GET SOMETHING:   [T] to obtain or achieve something you want or need//  gain control/power //  --Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.//  --After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed ’Ghana’.//  gain a degree/qualification etc //  --He gained a doctorate in Chemical Engineering.//\n  2 GET GRADUALLY:   [I and T] to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one//  --She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.//  --Many of his ideas have gained popular support .//  --an opportunity to gain experience in a work environment//  --The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.//  gain in//  --The sport has gained in popularity in recent years.//\n  3 ADVANTAGE:   [I and T] to get an advantage from a situation, opportunity, or event//  gain (sth) from (doing) sth//  --There is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early.//  --an attempt to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals//  --Who really stands to gain  (=is likely to get an advantage) from these tax cuts?//  -- There’s nothing to be gained  (=it will not help you) by losing your temper.//\n  4 INCREASE:   [T] to increase in weight, speed, height, or value//  --Carrie’s gained a lot of weight recently.//  --The dollar has gained 8% against the yen.//\n  5  gain access/entry/admittance etc (to sth):  to manage to enter a place, building, or organization//  --New ramps will help the disabled gain better access.//  --methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses//\n  6  gain an understanding/insight/impression etc:  to learn or find out about something//  gain an understanding/insight/impression etc of//  --We are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.//  --This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.//\n  7  gain ground:  to make steady progress and become more popular, more successful etc//  --The anti-smoking lobby has steadily gained ground in the last decade.//\n  8  gain time:  to deliberately do something to give yourself more time to think//  → lose time//\n  9 CLOCK:   [I and T] if a clock or watch gains, or if it gains time, it goes too fast//  → lose//\n  10 ARRIVE:   [T]  literary to reach a place after a lot of effort or difficulty//  --The swimmer finally gained the river bank.//    nothing ventured, nothing gained at venture2 (3)//  gain on / [gain on sb/sth] phr v//  to gradually get closer to a person, car etc that you are chasing//  --Quick - they’re gaining on us!//  ----------//  WORD CHOICE: gain, earn, get //  Do not use  gain  to mean ’get money for work you do’. Use  earn :  people earning less than [hA124]10,000 per year |  How much does he earn? //  Gain means to get something useful or necessary, whether or not you deserve it : I have gained a lot of useful experience. |  Her problems seem to have gained her more support from the public. //  Use  earn  rather than  gain to say that you get something because you deserve it : Through hard work you will earn the respect of your colleagues. //  Get  can be used as a less formal way of saying  gain  or  earn : I get $20 an hour. |  He has started to get a reputation for being awkward. //  ----------//\ngain 2 W3 n   ----------//\n   1 advantage :\n   2 increase:\n   3 profit:\n   4 ill-gotten gains:  ----------//\n  1 ADVANTAGE :   [C] an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effort//  --The party made considerable gains at local elections.//  gain in//  --substantial gains in efficiency//  gain from//  --the potential gains from improved marketing//  gain to/for//  --There are obvious gains for the student.//\n  2 INCREASE:   [U and C] an increase in the amount or level of something//  → loss//  gain in//  --a gain in weekly output//  gain of//  --Retail sales showed a gain of 0.4%.//  --The Democratic Party needed a net gain of only 20 votes.//  --Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain .//\n  3 PROFIT:   [U] financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone is interested in//  → loss//  financial/economic/capital etc gain //  --They are seeking to realize the maximum financial gain.//  gain of//  --a pre-tax gain of $20 million//  for gain//  --Such research should not be for personal gain.//    capital gains//\n  4  ill-gotten gains:  money or advantages obtained dishonestly - used humorously//


Words: gainful
Meaning:
adj   gainful employment/work/activity//   formal work or activity for which you are paid//  -- gainfully adv //  --gainfully employed//


Words: gainsay
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gainsaid /-’sed/ [T usually in negatives]  formal //  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: gain-  ’against’ (13-16 centuries) (from  Old English gegn) +  say]//  to say that something is not true, or to disagree with someone//   contradict//  --No one dared to gainsay him.//


Words: Gainsborough
Meaning:
Thomas   (1727-88) a British artist famous for his  portraits (=pictures of people) , such as ’The Blue Boy’, and for his landscapes (=pictures of the countryside) .//


Words: gait
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: gate  ’way’ (13-21 centuries), from  Old Norse gata  ’road’]//  the way someone walks//  --a slow shuffling gait//


Words: gaiter
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: guetre]//  a cloth or leather covering worn below the knee by men in the past, or now by walkers to keep their legs dry//


Words: gal
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: girl]//   AmE  informal a girl or woman - used especially by older people//  --She’s a great gal.//\ngal 2  BrE  gal. AmE   the written abbreviation of gallon or gallons//


Words: gala
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: Old French gale  ’fun and enjoyment’]//\n  1 a public entertainment or performance to celebrate a special occasion:  gala dinner/performance/night etc //  --the Society’s Gala Dinner//  --a charity gala evening//\n  2  BrE a sports competition, especially in swimming:


Words: Galahad
Meaning:
Sir   in old stories, one of King Arthur’s  Knights of the Round Table, who was very honest and morally good, and who found the Holy Grail. The name Sir Galahad is sometimes used to mean a man who behaves in a morally good and generous way.//


Words: Galapagos Islands
Meaning:
the Galapagos Islands//  a group of islands in the east Pacific Ocean which belong to Ecuador. They were visited by Charles  Darwin in 1835, and the information he collected there helped him to develop his ideas about  evolution. Very large rare  tortoises live on the islands and most of the land is a national park.//


Words: galaxy
Meaning:
n   plural  galaxies //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: galaxias, from  Greek, from  gala  ’milk’; because the Galaxy looks milky white from the Earth]//\n  1 [C] one of the large groups of stars that make up the universe:\n  2  the Galaxy:  the large group of stars which our sun and its planets belong to//\n  3 [singular] a large number of things that are similar:  galaxy of//  --a galaxy of British artistic talent//


Words: gale
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Norwegian galen  ’bad’]//\n  1 a very strong wind:  --a severe gale.//  it’s blowing a gale  BrE  (=it’s very windy) //\n  2  a gale/gales of laughter:  a sudden loud sound of laughter//  --The bar erupted into gales of laughter.//


Words: gale force
Meaning:
adj  also  gale-force  a gale force wind is strong enough to be dangerous or cause damage//  -- gale-force adv //  --blowing gale-force//


Words: Galilee
Meaning:
an area in northern Israel in which the main city is Nazareth. It is best known from the New Testament of the Bible as the place where Jesus lived and taught.//  -- Galilean n  adj //\n the Sea of   a lake in northeast Israel through which the River Jordan flows. It is mentioned in the New Testament of the Bible.//


Words: Galileo
Meaning:
(1564-1642) an Italian  astronomer (=a scientist who studies the stars) ,  mathematician, and  physicist whose many discoveries had a great influence on modern science.  He discovered that the planets move around the Sun, and that if you drop objects of different weights in a vacuum, they fall at the same speed. //


Words: gall
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1-3; Origin: Old English gealla]//  [Sense: 4; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin galla]//  [Sense: 5; Origin: Old English gealla, from  Latin galla]//\n  1  have the gall to do sth:  to do something rude and unreasonable that most people would be too embarrassed to do//  --He even had the gall to blame Lucy for it.//\n  2 [U]  old-fashioned anger and hate that will not go away:   resentment//\n  3 [U]  old-fashioned  bile:\n  4 [C] a swelling on a tree or plant caused by damage from insects or infection:\n  5 [C] a painful place on an animal’s skin, caused by something rubbing against it:\ngall 2 v [T]   to make someone feel upset and angry because of something that is unfair//  --It really galled him to see Anita doing so well now.//    galling//


Words: gallant
Meaning:
adj  old-fashioned   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: galer  ’to have a good time’, from  gale;   GALA]//\n  1 a man who is gallant is kind and polite towards women:  --a gallant young gentleman//\n  2 brave:  --a gallant attempt to save lives//\ngallant 2   n [C]  old-fashioned   a well-dressed young man who is kind and polite towards women//


Words: gallantry
Meaning:
n [U]  formal \n  1 courage, especially in a battle:  --a medal for gallantry//\n  2 polite attention given by men to women:


Words: galleon
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old Spanish; Origin: galeon, from  Old French galie;   GALLEY]//  a sailing ship used mainly by the Spanish from the 15th to the 17th century//


Words: gallery
Meaning:
W3   n   plural  galleries  [C] //  [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: galeria, perhaps from  galilaea  ’small room for praying in inside a church’, probably from  Galilaea  ’Galilee’, area in Palestine where Christ traveled and taught]//\n  1 :  a) a large building where people can see famous pieces of art//  --an exhibition of African art at the Hayward Gallery//  --details of museums and art galleries in the city//  b) a small privately owned shop or studio where you can see and buy pieces of art//\n  2 :  a) an upper floor or balcony built on an inner wall of a hall, theatre, or church, from which people can watch a performance, discussion etc//  --the public gallery in Congress//  in the gallery//  --We could only afford seats up in the gallery.//  b)  the gallery//  the people sitting in a gallery//\n  3  play to the gallery:  to do or say something just because you think it will please people and make you popular//\n  4 a level passage under the ground in a mine or cave:    press gallery,  shooting gallery//


Words: galley
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: galie, from  Medieval Greek galea]//\n  1 a kitchen on a ship:  --The fire extinguishers are stored in the galley.//\n  2 a long low Greek or Roman ship with sails which was rowed by slaves in the past:\n  3  technical :  a) a tray used in the process of printing books etc which holds type//  b)  also galley proof //  a sheet of paper on which a new book is printed, so that mistakes can be put right before it is divided into pages//


Words: Gallic
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: Gallicus, from  Gallia  ’Gaul’, ancient country in Western Europe]//  relating to or typical of France or French people//  --Gallic charm//


Words: galling
Meaning:
adj   making you feel upset and angry because of something that is unfair//   annoying//  --The most galling thing is that the guy who got promoted is less qualified than me.//


Words: Gallipoli
Meaning:
an area in Turkey on the north side of the  Dardanelles, where an important battle took place during World War I. Many Australian and New Zealand soldiers landed on the coast and were killed there by the Turkish army, who were fighting on the side of the Germans.//    Anzac day//


Words: gallivant
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  gallant]//   informal to spend time enjoying yourself and going from place to place for pleasure - used humorously in order to show disapproval//  gallivant about/around//  --She should be home with the children, not gallivanting around.//


Words: gallon
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old North French; Origin: Medieval Latin galeta  ’liquid container, liquid measure’]//\n  1  written abbreviation gal :  a unit for measuring liquids, equal to eight pints. In Britain this is 4.55 litres, and in the US it is 3.79 litres//  --a 20 gallon fish tank//  --The car does about 50 miles per gallon .//\n  2  informal a lot of a liquid:  --We drank gallons of coffee to keep ourselves awake.//


Words: gallop
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: galoper]//\n  1 [I] if a horse gallops, it moves very fast with all its feet leaving the ground together:    canter, trot//  --A neighbour’s horse came galloping down the road, riderless.//  --a galloping horse//\n  2 [I and T] if you gallop, you ride very fast on a horse or you make it go very fast:  gallop along/off/towards etc//  --I watched as Jan galloped away.//\n  3 [I always + adverb/preposition] to move very quickly:   run//  --Ian came galloping down the stairs.//\ngallop 2 n \n  1 :  a)  [singular] the movement of a horse at its fastest speed, when all four feet leave the ground together//    canter, trot//  --The horses broke into a gallop  (=begin to go very fast) .//  at a/full gallop//  --Mounted police charged at full gallop.//  b)  [C] a ride on a horse when it is galloping//\n  2 [singular] a very fast speed:  at a/full gallop//  --The project began at full gallop.//


Words: galloping
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   increasing or developing very quickly//  galloping inflation/consumption etc //  --galloping inflation of 20 to 30%//


Words: gallows
Meaning:
n   plural  gallows  [C] //  [Language: Old English; Origin: gealga]//  a structure used for killing criminals by hanging them from a rope//


Words: galoot
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE  old-fashioned someone who is not at all graceful and does not dress neatly//  --You clumsy galoot!//


Words: galore
Meaning:
adj [only after noun]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Irish Gaelic; Origin: go leor  ’enough’]//  in large amounts or numbers//  --bargains galore in the sales//


Words: galoshes
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: galoche, from  Latin gallica solea  ’shoe from Gaul’, ancient country in Western Europe]//   old-fashioned rubber shoes worn over ordinary shoes when it rains or snows//


Words: Galsworthy
Meaning:
John   (1867-1933) a British writer of books and plays who won the  Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932. His most famous work is a series of novels called  The Forsyte Saga, about a wealthy English family called the Forsytes.//


Words: galumph
Meaning:
preposition]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gallop +  triumph; invented by the British writer Lewis Carroll]//   informal to move in a noisy, heavy, and awkward way//


Words: galvanic
Meaning:
adj \n  1  formal making people react suddenly with strong feelings or actions:  --The bomb warning had a galvanic effect.//\n  2  technical relating to the production of electricity by the action of acid on metal:


Words: galvanism
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: , from Luigi  Galvani (1739-98), Italian scientist who studied electricity]//   technical the production of electricity by the use of chemicals, especially as in a battery//


Words: galvanize
Meaning:
also  galvanise BrE   v [T]   to shock or surprise someone so that they do something to solve a problem, improve a situation etc//  galvanize sb into (doing) sth//  --The possibility of defeat finally galvanized us into action .//  --The report galvanized world opinion.//


Words: galvanized
Meaning:
also  galvanised BrE   adj   galvanised iron/metal etc//  metal that has had a covering of zinc put on it so that it does not rust//


Words: Galveston
Meaning:
a city in southeast Texas. It is the state’s main cotton port and also an important fishing centre.//


Words: Gama
Meaning:
Vasco da   (?1469-1524) a Portuguese sailor and  explorer who was the first European to discover the way to India by sea//


Words: Gambia
Meaning:
the   a country in West Africa next to Senegal. Population: 1,411,000 (2001). Capital: Banjul.//  -- Gambian n  adj //


Words: gambit
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: gambetto  ’act of making someone fall over’, from  gamba  ’leg’]//\n  1 something that you do or say which is intended to give you an advantage in an argument:  --a clever debating gambit//  --These questions are often an opening gambit  (=the thing you say first) for a negotiation.//\n  2 a planned series of moves at the beginning of a game of chess:


Words: gamble
Meaning:
v [I and T]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: game]//\n  1 to risk money or possessions on the result of something such as a card game or a race, when you do not know for certain what the result will be:    bet//  --Their religion forbids them to drink or gamble.//  gamble on//  --Jack loves gambling on the horses.//\n  2 to do something that involves a lot of risk, and that will not succeed unless things happen the way you would like them to:  gamble on//  --They’re gambling on Johnson being fit for Saturday’s game.//  gamble sth on sth//  --Potter gambled everything on his new play being a hit.//  gamble that//  --She was gambling that he wouldn’t read it too carefully.//  gamble with//  --We can’t relax our safety standards - we’d be gambling with people’s lives.//  -- gambler n  [C] //  --Stevens was a compulsive gambler .//  gamble away [gamble sth → away] phr v//  to lose the whole of an amount of money by gambling//  --Nielsen gambled his inheritance away.//\ngamble 2 n [singular]   an action or plan that involves a risk but that you hope will succeed//  -- It was a big gamble for her to leave the band and go solo.//  gamble on//  -- The gamble on the harvest had paid off (=succeeded) .//  --Ellen had to admit the gamble had paid off  (=succeeded) .//  --In a depressed market, we cannot afford to take a gamble on a new product.//


Words: gambling
Meaning:
n [U]   when people risk money or possessions on the result of something which is not certain, such as a card game or a horse race//    betting//  --The lottery is probably the most popular form of gambling.//  --gambling debts//  --The police raided a number of illegal gambling dens  (=places for illegal gambling) .//


Words: gambol
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  gambolled present participle  gambolling  BrE //  past tense and past participle  gamboled present participle  gamboling  AmE  [I]  literary //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: gambade  ’horse’s jump’, probably from  Old Proven[hA168]al camba  ’leg’]//  to jump or run around in a lively active way//   frolic//  --lambs gambolling in a field//  -- gambol n  [C] //


Words: game
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 activity or sport:\n   2 games:\n   3 part of a match:\n   4 children:\n   5 skill:\n   6 give the game away:\n   7 beat somebody at their own game:\n   8 not serious:\n   9 play games (with somebody):\n  10 animals/birds:\n  11 the only game in town:\n  12 business:\n  13 what’s her/your etc game?:\n  14 the game’s up:\n  15 a game of chance:\n  16 somebody got game:\n  17 be on the game:\n  18 make game of somebody:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gamen]//\n  1 ACTIVITY OR SPORT:   [C] //  a) an activity or sport in which people compete with each other according to agreed rules//  computer/card/ball etc game //  --Dan’s never liked card games.//  --We used to play games like draughts or chess.//  --You’ll have to explain the rules of the game .//  b) an occasion when a game is played//    match//  --Did you see the game on TV last night?//  game against/with//  --England’s World Cup game against Holland//  game of cards/tennis etc //  --How about a game of chess?//  win/lose a game //  --They’ve won their last three games.//  home game (=played at a team’s own sports field) //  away game (=played at an opposing team’s sports field) //    ball game,  board game,  video game,  war game//\n  2  games [plural] :  a) a large organized sports event//  --the Olympic Games//  b)  BrE organized sports as a school subject or lesson//   P.E.//  --We have games on Thursdays.//  --a games lesson//\n  3 PART OF A MATCH:   [C] one of the parts into which a single match is divided, for example in tennis or bridge1(4)//  --Graf leads, two games to one.//\n  4 CHILDREN:   [C] a children’s activity in which they play with toys, pretend to be someone else etc//  game of//  --a game of hide-and-seek//  --The boys were playing a game in the backyard.//\n  5 SKILL:   sb’s game//  how well someone plays a particular game or sport//  improve/raise your game //  --Liam’s taking lessons to improve his game.//  --the strongest aspect of his game//\n  6  give the game away:  to spoil a surprise or secret by doing or saying something that lets someone guess what the secret is//  --Lynn gave the game away by laughing when Kim walked in.//\n  7  beat sb at their own game:   also play sb at their own game  BrE to beat someone or fight back against them by using the same methods that they use//\n  8 NOT SERIOUS:   be a game//  to be something that you do to enjoy yourself rather than for a serious purpose//  -- It’s just a game to them. They don’t really care what happens.//\n  9  play games (with sb):  a) to behave in a dishonest or unfair way in order to get what you want//  --Are you sure he’s really interested, and not just playing silly games with you?//  b) to not be serious about doing something//  --We want a deal. We’re not interested in playing games.//\n  10 ANIMALS/BIRDS:   [U] wild animals, birds, and fish that are hunted for food, especially as a sport//  --game birds//    big game//\n  11  the only game in town:  used to say that something is the only possible choice in a situation//  --The Church of England is no longer the only game in town.//\n  12 BUSINESS:   [singular]  informal an area of work or business//  --We’re new to the game and we’ve still got a lot to learn.//  --I’ve been in this game for over 10 years.//\n  13  what’s her/your etc game?:   BrE  spoken used to ask what the true reason for someone’s behaviour is//  --Reg is being very nice all of a sudden. What’s his game?//\n  14  the game’s up:   spoken used to tell someone that something wrong or dishonest that they have done has been discovered//  --Come out, Don. The game’s up.//\n  15  a game of chance:  a game in which you risk money on the result//  --Poker is a game of chance.//\n  16  sb got game:   AmE  informal used to say that someone is very skilful at doing something, especially playing a sport//\n  17  be on the game:   BrE  informal to be a prostitute//\n  18  make game of sb:   old-fashioned to make fun of someone//    fair game//    fun and games at fun1 (5)//    the name of the game at name1 (10)//    a mug’s game at mug1 (5)//\ngame 2 adj   [Sense: 1; Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  GAME1]//  [Sense: 2; Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French gambi  ’bent’]//\n  1 willing to try something dangerous, new, or difficult:  --Okay. I’m game if you are.//  game for//  --He’s always game for a laugh.//  game to do sth//  --’Who’s game to have a try?’//\n  2  game leg:   old-fashioned an injured or painful leg//  -- gamely adv //\ngame 3   v  AmE   game the system//  to use rules or laws to get what you want in an unfair but legal way//


Words: game plan
Meaning:
n [C]   a plan for achieving success, especially in business or sports//  --He has his game plan all worked out.//


Words: game point
Meaning:
n [U and C]   the situation in a game such as tennis in which one player will win the game if they win the next point//    match point//


Words: game reserve
Meaning:
also game preserve  AmE  n [C]   a large area of land that is designed for wild animals to live in safely//


Words: game show
Meaning:
n [C]   a television programme in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes//  --a game show contestant//


Words: gamekeeper
Meaning:
n [C]   someone whose job is to look after wild animals and birds that are kept to be hunted on private land//


Words: gameplay
Meaning:
n [U]   the way that a computer game is designed and the skills that you need to play it//  --This is packed with brilliant graphics and gameplay.//


Words: gamer
Meaning:
n [C]  informal \n  1 someone who plays computer games:\n  2  AmE a person who is very good at a sport and helps their team to win games:


Words: gamete
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: gameta, from  Greek gametes  ’husband’]//  a type of cell which joins with another cell, starting the development of a baby or other young creature//


Words: gamine
Meaning:
n [C]  literary   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: gamin used for females]//  a small thin girl or woman who looks like a boy//  -- gamine adj //  --a gamine hairstyle//


Words: gaming
Meaning:
n [U] \n  1  informal the activity of playing computer games:  --online gaming//\n  2  old-fashioned the activity of playing cards or other games of chance for money:   gambling//  --gaming tables//


Words: gamma
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek]//  the third letter of the Greek alphabet//


Words: gamma ray
Meaning:
n [C usually plural]   a beam of light with a short wavelength, that can pass through solid objects//  -- gamma radiation n  [U] //


Words: gammon
Meaning:
n [U]    BrE meat from a pig’s leg which has been preserved using salt//    bacon//  --gammon steak//


Words: gammy
Meaning:
adj  BrE  old-fashioned   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  GAME2 2]//  a gammy leg or knee is injured or painful//


Words: gamut
Meaning:
n [singular]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: gamma ut, names given to the highest and lowest notes on the musical scale]//  the complete range of possibilities//  gamut of//  --College life opened up a whole gamut of new experiences.//  --Her feelings that day ran the gamut of emotions (=included all the possibilities between two extremes) .//


Words: Gandalf
Meaning:
one of the main characters in the book  The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R.  Tolkein. He is a  wizard.//


Words: gander
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gandra]//\n  1 a male goose1:\n  2  have/take a gander at sth:   spoken to look at something//


Words: Gandhi
Meaning:
Indira   (1917-84) an Indian politician who was Prime Minister of India from 1966-77. She was the daughter of India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal  Nehru.//\n Mahatma   (1869-1948) an Indian lawyer and politician who successfully led the fight for India’s independence from the British. Gandhi is famous especially for developing the idea of non-violent protest, and his methods have been copied in many other places. His real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi  but he was given the name ’Mahatma’ (meaning ’great soul’) by his followers. He was assassinated (=killed) soon after India gained independence.//


Words: gang
Meaning:
S3   n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: ’way, journey’; the modern meaning comes from the idea of a group of people "going" together]//\n  1 :  a) a group of young people who spend time together, and who are often involved in crime or drugs and who often fight against other groups//  --two rival street gangs //  gang member/member of a gang //  --The parents have denied that their son is a gang member.//  --the problem of inner-city gang violence//  b) a group of young people together in one place, especially young people who might cause trouble//  gang of//  --There were always gangs of kids hanging around the mall.//  --a victim of gang warfare //\n  2 a group of criminals who work together:  --Several gangs were operating in the area.//  -- Armed gangs have hijacked lorries.//  gang of//  --a gang of smugglers//\n  3  informal a group of friends, especially young people:  --The whole gang will be there next weekend.//\n  4 a group of workers or prisoners doing physical work together:    chain gang//\ngang 2 v   gang up on/against [gang up on/against sb] phr v//  if people gang up on someone, they join together to attack, criticize, or oppose them, especially in a way that seems unfair//  --Schoolchildren are quick to gang up on anyone who looks or behaves differently.//  gang together phr v//  if people gang together, they form a group in order to do something together, especially to oppose something//  --The smaller shopkeepers ganged together to beat off competition from the supermarkets.//


Words: gang-bang
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1  informal an occasion when several people have sex with each other at the same time:\n  2 a gang rape:  -- gang-bang v  [I and T] //


Words: gangbusters
Meaning:
n   like gangbusters//   AmE  informal very eagerly and with a lot of energy, or very quickly//  --They were going like gangbusters, then all of a sudden everything went wrong.//


Words: Ganges
Meaning:
the Ganges//  a long river which flows though northern India and provides water for the fields in India and Bangladesh. To the Hindus the Ganges is a holy river, and many Hindus go to the river as  pilgrims and wash themselves in it.//  -- Gangetic adj //  --the Gangetic plain//


Words: gangland
Meaning:
adj   a gangland killing/murder/shooting etc//  a killing etc relating to the world of organized and violent crime//  --Sharp may have been the victim of a gangland revenge killing.//


Words: gangling
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  Scottish English gangrel  ’wanderer, tall thin person’ (14-20 centuries)]//  unusually tall and thin, and not able to move gracefully//   lanky//  --an awkward gangling teenager//


Words: ganglion
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: Greek]//\n  1 a painful raised area of skin that is full of liquid, often on the back of your wrist:\n  2 a mass of nerve cells:


Words: gangplank
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gang  ’going, way’ (  GANG1) +  plank]//  a board for walking on between a boat and the shore, or between two boats//


Words: gangrene
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: gangraena, from  Greek gangraina]//  a condition in which your flesh decays in part of your body, because blood has stopped flowing there as a result of illness or injury//  -- gangrenous/-gr[hA366]n[hA353]s/ adj //


Words: gangsta
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gangster]//  someone who is a member of a gang//  --gangstas in South Central L.A.//


Words: gangsta rap
Meaning:
n [U]   a type of rap music with words about drugs, violence, and life in poor areas of cities//  -- gangsta rapper n  [C] //


Words: gangway
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: gang  ’going, way’ (  GANG1) +  way]//\n  1 a space between two rows of seats in a theatre, bus, or train:   aisle//\n  2 a large board or steps between a boat and the shore for people to walk down:\n  3  gangway!:   spoken used to tell people in a crowd to let someone go through//


Words: gannet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: ganot]//\n  1 a large sea bird that lives in large groups on cliffs:\n  2  BrE  informal someone who eats a lot:


Words: gantry
Meaning:
n   plural  gantries  [C] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old North French gantier, from  Latin cantherius  ’frame of crossed pieces of wood’]//  a large metal frame which is used to support heavy machinery or railway signals//


Words: Ganymede
Meaning:
in ancient Greek stories, a beautiful young boy who was taken to  Olympus by  Zeus and became  cupbearer (=someone who serves wine)  to the gods//


Words: gap
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 a space:\n   2 difference:\n   3 something missing:\n   4 in time:\n   5 in a mountain:\n   6 gap in the market:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: ’hole, deep narrow valley’]//\n  1 A SPACE:  a space between two objects or two parts of an object, especially because something is missing//  gap in//  --The neighbors’ dog got in through a gap in the hedge.//  --a gap in the traffic//  gap between//  --the gap between the two rows of seats//\n  2 DIFFERENCE:  a big difference between two situations, amounts, groups of people etc//    gulf//  gap between//  --the widening gap between the rich and the poor//  bridge/close/narrow the gap (=reduce the amount or importance of a difference) //  --His films attempt to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity.//  --The gap has narrowed to just 12 points now.//  --It seems that the trade gap is widening (=the difference between the amount a country imports and exports) .//    generation gap//\n  3 SOMETHING MISSING:  something missing that stops something else from being good or complete//  gap in//  --There are huge gaps in my knowledge of history.//  --Frank’s death has left a big gap in my life.//  fill/plug the gap //  --He filled the gap left by Hirst’s retirement.//\n  4 IN TIME:  a period of time when nothing is happening, that exists between two other periods of time when something is happening//  gap in//  --an awkward gap in the conversation//  gap between//  --The gaps between his visits got longer and longer.//    gap year//\n  5 IN A MOUNTAIN:  a low place between two higher parts of a mountain//\n  6  gap in the market:  a product or service that does not exist, so that there is an opportunity to develop that product or service and sell it//


Words: gap year
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a year between leaving school and going to university, which some young people use as an opportunity to travel, earn money, or get experience of working//  --Some students choose to work in high-tech industries during their gap year.//


Words: gape
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gapa]//\n  1 to look at something for a long time, especially with your mouth open, because you are very surprised or shocked:   stare//  gape at//  --What are all these people gaping at?//\n  2  also gape open :  to open widely or be wide open//  --Dan stood at the door, his shirt gaping open.//


Words: gar[hA168]on
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: ’boy, servant’]//  a waiter in a French restaurant//


Words: garage
Meaning:
S2   n   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: garer  ’to shelter’]//\n  1 [C] a building for keeping a car in, usually next to or attached to a house:    carport//  --I’ll just go and put the car in the garage.//  a double/single/two-car/one-car garage //  --Their house had a double garage .//  --an automatic garage door//\n  2 [C]  also parking garage  especially AmE :  a building in a public place where cars can be parked//  --We parked in an underground garage near the hotel.//\n  3 [C] a place where motor vehicles are repaired:  --My car’s at the garage.//\n  4 [C]  BrE a place where you buy petrol:   petrol station//  American Equivalent:  gas station//\n  5 [U] a type of popular music played on electronic instruments, with a strong fast beat and singing:  --a collection of the latest dance and garage hits//\ngarage 2 v [T]   to put or keep a vehicle in a garage//


Words: garage sale
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a sale of used furniture, clothes etc from people’s houses, usually held in or near someone’s garage//


Words: garb
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Early  French garbe  ’gracefulness’, from  Italian garbo]//   formal a particular style of clothing, especially clothes that show your type of work or look unusual//  --priestly garb//


Words: garbage
Meaning:
S3   n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Anglo-French]//\n  1  especially  AmE waste material, such as paper, empty containers, and food thrown away:  British Equivalent:  rubbish//  --Can you take out the garbage when you go?//\n  2 stupid words, ideas etc:  British Equivalent:  rubbish//  --You’re talking garbage.//\n  3  garbage in, garbage out:  used to say that if the data (=information)  you put into a computer is bad, the results you get back will be bad, even if the computer program you use works properly//


Words: garbage can
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a container with a lid for holding waste until it can be taken away//  British Equivalent:  dustbin//


Words: garbage collector
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE someone whose job is to remove waste from garbage cans//  British Equivalent:  dustman//


Words: garbage disposal
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a small machine in the kitchen sink which breaks vegetable waste into small pieces so that it washes down the drain of the sink//  British Equivalent:  waste disposal//


Words: garbage truck
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a large vehicle which goes from house to house to collect the contents of garbage cans//  British Equivalent:  dust cart//


Words: garbanzo
Meaning:
n  also garbanzo bean   plural  garbanzos  [C]  AmE //  [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Spanish]//  a chickpea//


Words: garbed
Meaning:
adj   be garbed in sth//   literary to be dressed in a particular type of clothing//  --singers garbed in costumes of gold//


Words: garbled
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: garble  ’to remove impure parts by putting through a container with small holes’ (15-19 centuries), from  Old Italian garbellare, from  Arabic gharbala, from  ghirbal  ’sieve’]//  a garbled statement or report is very unclear and confusing//   confused//  --The papers had some garbled version of the story.//  --a garbled phone message//  -- garble v  [T] //  -- garble n  [U] //


Words: Garbo Greta
Meaning:
(1905-90) a US film actress, born in Sweden, who was famous for her beauty, and for saying "I want to be alone". Her films include  Queen Christina (1933),  Anna Karenina (1935), and  Camille (1936).//


Words: Garc[hA16E]a Lorca
Meaning:
Federico   (1898-1936) a Spanish poet and writer of plays, including  Blood Wedding and  The House of Bernarda Alba. He was shot during the Spanish Civil War.//


Words: Garc[hA16E]a Marquez
Meaning:
Gabriel   (1928- ) a Colombian writer whose novels are in the style of  magic realism, and include One Hundred Years of Solitude and  Love in the Time of Cholera. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982.//


Words: garden
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French; Origin: , probably from  Vulgar Latin (hortus) gardinus  ’enclosed (garden)’]//\n  1 [C]  BrE the area of land next to a house, where there are flowers, grass, and other plants, and often a place for people to sit:  American Equivalent:  yard//  --He’s outside in the garden.//  --Grace brought us some flowers from her garden.//  --Our house has a small garden.//  --a  garden shed //  back/front garden (=at the back or the front of the house) //\n  2 [C]  AmE a part of the area next to a house, which has plants and flowers in it:  vegetable/herb/rose garden //  --The house has a beautiful herb garden.//\n  3  gardens [plural] a large area of land where plants and flowers are grown so that the public can go and see them:  --the Botanical Gardens at Kew//\n  4  Gardens:   BrE used in the name of streets//  --211 Roland Gardens//    kitchen garden,  market garden//    lead sb up the garden path at lead1 (12)//  ----------//  WORD FOCUS: garden //  parts of a garden: lawn,  flowerbed,  hedge,  patio,  rockery,  pond,  greenhouse,  compost heap,  kitchen garden //  things you do in the garden: cut the grass/mow the lawn,  weed  the flowerbeds,  sow  seeds,  plant  flowers/bushes/trees,  water  the plants,  cut back/prune  roses and other bushes,  trim  the hedge //  ----------//\ngarden 2 v [I]   to work in a garden, keeping it clean, growing plants etc//


Words: garden centre
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a place that sells plants, flowers, and equipment for gardens//  American Equivalent:  nursery//


Words: garden city
Meaning:
n [C]    BrE a town that has been designed to have a lot of trees, areas of grass, and open spaces//


Words: Garden of England
Meaning:
the Garden of England//  a name for the  county of Kent in southeast England, because of the fruit and vegetables it produces//


Words: garden-variety
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]    especially AmE very ordinary and not very interesting//  --This is not one of your garden-variety cases of fraud.//


Words: gardener
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone whose job is to work in gardens:\n  2 someone who enjoys growing flowers and plants:  --Mom has always been a good gardener.//


Words: gardenia
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Alexander  Garden (1730-91), Scottish plant scientist]//  a large white pleasant-smelling flower that grows on a bush//


Words: gardening
Meaning:
n [U]   the activity of working in a garden, growing plants, cutting a lawn etc//  --I might do a bit of gardening this afternoon.//  gardening gloves/tools/equipment etc //


Words: Garfield
Meaning:
the main character in a humorous  cartoon strip (=a set of drawings that tell a story)  that appears in hundreds of US newspapers and some British ones every day. Garfield is a cat who is fat and  selfish.//\n James   (1831-1881) the twentieth president of the US, in 1881. He was shot by a mentally ill man and died two months later.//


Words: gargantuan
Meaning:
adj  written   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Gargantua, name of a giant in the book Gargantua (1534) by Fran[hA168]ois Rabelais]//  extremely large//   gigantic//  --a meal of gargantuan proportions//  --gargantuan task//


Words: gargle
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: gargouiller, from  Old French gargouille;   GARGOYLE]//  to clean the inside of your mouth and throat by blowing air through water or medicine in the back of your throat//  gargle with//  --Gargling with salt water may help your sore throat.//\ngargle 2 n \n  1 [U and C] liquid that you gargle with:   mouthwash//\n  2  a gargle:  the act of gargling//


Words: gargoyle
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: gargouille  ’throat’; because the water appears to come out of the creature’s throat]//  a stone figure of a strange and ugly creature, that carries rain water from the roof of an old building, especially a church//


Words: Garibaldi
Meaning:
Giuseppe   (1807-82) an Italian military leader who helped Italy to become a united, independent country by taking control of Sicily and Naples in 1860//


Words: garish
Meaning:
adj   very brightly coloured in a way that is unpleasant to look at//   brash//  → subtle//  --Many of the rugs are too garish for my taste.//  --garish colors//  -- garishly adv //  --a garishly painted house//  -- garishness n  [U] //


Words: Garland
Meaning:
Judy   (1922-69) a US film actress and singer who first appeared in films as a child. She is most famous for appearing as the character Dorothy in  The Wizard of Oz (1939). Other films include  Meet Me in St Louis (1944) and  A Star is Born (1954). //


Words: garland
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: garlande]//  a ring of flowers or leaves, worn on your head or around your neck for decoration or for a special ceremony//    wreath//  garland of//  --garlands of flowers//\ngarland 2 v [T usually passive]    literary to decorate someone or something, especially with flowers//  be garlanded with sth//  --The tree was garlanded with strings of coloured lights.//


Words: garlic
Meaning:
S3   n [U]   clove//  [Language: Old English; Origin: garleac, from  gar  ’spear’ +  leac (  LEEK)]//  a plant like a small onion, used in cooking to give a strong taste//  --Add a crushed clove of garlic  (=single section of it) .//  -- garlicky adj //  --his garlicky breath//


Words: garment
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: garnement  ’equipment’, from  garnir;   GARNISH2]//   formal a piece of clothing//  --She pulled the garment on and zipped it up.//  garment industry/factory/district etc //  --She works in the garment district of Manhattan.//  --a beautiful range of hand knitted garments//  outer/upper garment //  --The outer garment was a loose-fitting robe.//    undergarment see usage note  clothes//


Words: garment bag
Meaning:
n [C]   a special bag used to carry clothes such as suits and dresses//  --I packed the dresses in a black garment bag.//


Words: garner
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: garner  ’place for storing grain’ (12-19 centuries), from  Old French grenier, from  Latin granum  ’grain’]//   formal to take or collect something, especially information or support//    glean//  --The party garnered 70 percent of the vote.//


Words: garnet
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: grenat  ’dark red’, from  pomme grenate  ’pomegranate’]//\n  1 [C] a dark red stone used as a jewel:\n  2 [U] a dark red colour:


Words: garnish
Meaning:
n [C]   a small amount of food such as salad or fruit that you place on food to decorate it//\ngarnish 2 v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: garnir  ’to warn, provide with equipment, garnish’]//  to add something to food in order to decorate it//  garnish sth with sth//  --Garnish each dish with a slice of lemon.//


Words: garret
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: garite  ’tower for keeping watch from’, from  garir  ’to protect’]//  a small uncomfortable room at the top of a house, just under the roof//    attic//


Words: garrison
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: garison; from  garir;   GARRET]//\n  1 a group of soldiers living in a town or fort and defending it:  --The garrison was called out when news of the enemy’s advance was received.//  --a garrison town//\n  2 the buildings where a garrison of soldiers live:\ngarrison 2 v [T]   to send a group of soldiers to defend or guard a place//  --Our regiment will garrison the town.//


Words: garrotte
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Spanish; Origin: garrote  ’stick (for tightening a wire)’]//  to kill someone by pulling a metal collar or wire tightly around their neck//    strangle//  -- garrotte n  [C] //


Words: garrulous
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: garrulus, from  garrire  ’to talk a lot’]//  always talking a lot//   talkative//  --Ian isn’t normally this garrulous!//  -- garrulously adv //  -- garrulousness n  [U] //


Words: Garter
Meaning:
the Order of the   the highest order of British  knighthood. The sign of the Order of the Garter is a blue velvet garter.//


Words: garter
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French; Origin: gartier, from  garet  ’bend of the knee’]//\n  1 a band of elastic (=material that stretches) worn around your leg to keep a sock or stocking up:\n  2  AmE one of four pieces of elastic fixed to a woman’s underwear and to her stockings to hold them up:  British Equivalent:  suspender//


Words: garter belt
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a piece of women’s underwear with garters hanging down from it which fasten onto stockings and hold them up//  British Equivalent:  suspender belt//


Words: gas
Meaning:
n   plural  gases  or  gasses //  [Sense: 1-3, 6-9; Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Greek khaos  ’empty space’;   CHAOS]//  [Sense: 4-5; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gasoline]//\n  1 [U and C] a substance such as air, which is not solid or liquid, and usually cannot be seen:  --hydrogen gas//  toxic/poisonous/noxious gases //  --a cloud of toxic gas//  a gas cylinder/bottle (=for storing gas) //    greenhouse gas//\n  2 [U] a clear substance like air that is burned for heating or cooking:  gas cooker/stove/oven //  --Can you light the gas for me?//  --The explosion was caused by a gas leak from the water heater.//\n  3  gas mark 4/5/6 etc:   BrE a measurement of the temperature of a gas  oven//\n  4 [U]  AmE  also gasoline :  a liquid made from petroleum, used mainly for producing power in the engines of cars, trucks etc//  British Equivalent:  petrol//  --I probably spend over $200 a month on gas.//  --The mechanic found a hole in the gas tank .//\n  5  the gas:   AmE the gas pedal of a car//   accelerator//  --We stepped on the gas  (=pushed down the gas pedal and made the car go faster) and sped away.//\n  6 [U] a clear substance like air that is used for medical reasons, for example to make people feel less pain or make them sleep during an operation:  --an anaesthetic gas//    laughing gas//\n  7 [U] a type of gas used as a weapon, because it harms or kills people when they breathe it in:  --mustard gas//    nerve gas,  poison gas,  tear gas//\n  8 [U]  AmE  informal the condition of having a lot of air in your stomach:  British Equivalent:  wind//\n  9  a gas:   AmE  old-fashioned  spoken something that is fun and makes you laugh a lot//\ngas 2 v   past tense  gassed past participle  gassing //\n  1 [T] to poison or kill someone with gas:\n  2 [I]  BrE  informal to talk for a long time about unimportant or boring things:   chat//  --They were just standing there gassing away.//  gas up phr v//  to put petrol in a car//  --We’d better gas up before we go.//  gas sth → up//  --George gassed up the car.//


Words: gas ring
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a metal ring that gets hot when gas passes through it, used for cooking food//  American Equivalent:  burner//


Words: gas station
Meaning:
n [C]    AmE a place where you can buy petrol and oil for motor vehicles//  British Equivalent:  petrol station//


Words: gas turbine
Meaning:
n [C]   an engine in which a wheel of special blades is driven round at high speed by hot gases, producing a lot of power//  --the ship’s four gas turbine engines//


Words: gash
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old North French; Origin: garser, from  Greek charassein  ’to make a mark in the surface of something’]//  a large deep cut or hole in something, for example in a person’s skin//  --Blood poured from a deep gash in her forehead.//  -- gash v  [T] //  --One day Frank gashed his hand on a bit of broken glass.//


Words: gasholder
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a very large round metal container or building from which gas is carried in pipes to buildings//


Words: gasket
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Probably from  French garcette, from  Old French,  ’little girl’]//\n  1 a flat piece of material, often rubber, placed between two surfaces so that steam, oil, gas etc cannot escape:\n  2  blow a gasket:  a) if a vehicle blows a gasket, steam or gas escapes from the engine//  b)  informal to become very angry//


Words: gaslight
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] the light produced from burning gas:\n  2 [C]  also gas lamp :  a lamp in a house or on the street which gives light from burning gas//


Words: gasman
Meaning:
n   plural  gasmen /-men/ [C]  BrE  informal //  someone whose job is to come to your home to see how much gas you have used or to repair your gas system//


Words: gasohol
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gasoline +  alcohol]//   AmE petrol with a small amount of alcohol in it, which can be used in cars and is cheaper than petrol//


Words: gasoline
Meaning:
n [U]  AmE   a liquid obtained from petroleum, used mainly for producing power in the engines of cars, trucks etc//  British Equivalent:  petrol//


Words: gasp
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: geispa  ’to yawn’]//\n  1 [I and T] to breathe in suddenly in a way that can be heard, especially because you are surprised or in pain:  gasp in/with//  --Ollie gasped with pain and slumped forward.//  gasp at//  --The audience gasped at the splendour of the costumes.//  --’My leg!’ he gasped. ’I think it’s broken!’//\n  2 [I] to breathe quickly in a way that can be heard because you are having difficulty breathing:    pant//  gasp for air/breath //  --Brendan climbed slowly, gasping for breath.//\n  3  be gasping (for sth):   BrE  spoken to feel that you urgently need something such as a drink or cigarette//  --I’m gasping for a pint!//\ngasp 2 n [C] \n  1 when you take in a breath suddenly in a way that can be heard, especially because you are surprised or in pain:  gasp of//  --With a gasp of pure horror, Lewis jumped up and ran.//  --She gave a little gasp and clutched George’s hand.//\n  2 when you breathe in air quickly because you are having difficulty breathing:  --Her breath came in shallow gasps.//\n  3  sb’s/sth’s last gasp:  the time when someone is about to die, or when something is about to stop happening or existing//  --the last gasp of an industry in decline//


Words: gastric
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  technical   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: gastricus, from  Greek gaster  ’stomach’]//\n  1 relating to your stomach:  --gastric ulcers//\n  2  gastric juices:  the acids in your stomach that break food into smaller parts//\n  3  gastric flu:  an illness that makes you vomit and gives you diarrhoea//


Words: gastritis
Meaning:
n [U]  medical   an illness which makes the inside of your stomach become swollen, so that you feel a burning pain//


Words: gastronomic
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  formal   relating to the art of cooking good food or the pleasure of eating it//  --the gastronomic delights of Thailand//  -- gastronomically/-kli/ adv //


Words: gastronomy
Meaning:
n [U]  formal   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: gastronomie, from  Greek gaster  ’stomach’]//  the art and science of cooking and eating good food//


Words: gasworks
Meaning:
n   plural  gasworks  [C] //  a place where gas is made from coal so that it can be used to produce heat and energy//


Words: gate
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: geat]//\n  1 [C] the part of a fence or outside wall that you can open and close so that you can enter or leave a place:    door//  --We went through the gate into the orchard.//  --the wrought-iron gates of the palace//  open/close/shut a gate //  --I left the engine running and ran back to close the gate.//  front/back/main gate //  --Make sure that the back gate is locked, please.//  garden/farm/school gate //  --The children poured out of the school gates.//\n  2 [C] the place where you leave an airport building to get on a plane:  --Air France flight 76 leaves from gate 6A.//\n  3  -gate:  used with the name of a place or a person to give a name to an event involving dishonest behaviour by a politician or other public official//  --Irangate//\n  4 :  a)  [C]  BrE the number of people who go in to see a sports event, especially a football match//  b)  [U]  BrE  also gate money //  the amount of money that these people pay//\ngate 2 v [T]    BrE to prevent a student from leaving a school as a punishment for behaving badly//


Words: gated community
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   an area of houses and sometimes also shops, tennis courts etc, where a fence or wall surrounds the area and the entrance is guarded//


Words: gatehouse
Meaning:
n [C]   a small building next to the gate of a park or at the entrance to the land surrounding a big house//


Words: gatekeeper
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 someone whose job is to open and close a gate, and to allow or not allow people to go through it:\n  2 someone in an organization who has a lot of influence over what products the organization buys, who it buys them from etc:\n  3 someone in an organization who tells customers or people with questions which people in the organization should be able to help them:


Words: gatepost
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 one of two strong upright poles set in the ground to support a gate:\n  2  between you, me, and the gatepost:   BrE  spoken used to say that you are going to tell someone your opinion, but you want it to be a secret//


Words: Gates
Meaning:
Bill   (1955- ) a US computer  programmer and businessman, who started the  Microsoft computer company and is famous for being the richest man in the world//


Words: gateway
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C] the opening in a fence, wall etc that can be closed by a gate:\n  2  gateway to sth:  a) a place, especially a city, that you can go through in order to reach another much bigger place//  --St. Louis is the gateway to the West.//  b) a way of achieving something//  --To me a home in the country is a gateway to happiness.//\n  3 [C] a way of connecting two computer networks:


Words: Gateway Arch
Meaning:
the Gateway Arch//  a very large  arch in the city of St Louis, Missouri, in the US, that is sometimes used in pictures to represent St Louis//


Words: gateway drug
Meaning:
n [C]   a drug such as cannabis which is not a very dangerous, but which some people believe leads to the use of more dangerous drugs such as heroin//


Words: gather
Meaning:
v   ----------//\n   1 come together:\n   2 know/think:\n   3 collect:\n   4 gather speed/force/momentum etc:\n   5 gather dust:\n   6 cloth:\n   7 gather yourself/your strength/your thoughts:\n   8 clouds/darkness:\n   9 gather somebody to you/gather somebody up:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gaderian]//\n  1 COME TOGETHER:   [I and T] to come together and form a group, or to make people do this//  --A crowd gathered to watch the fight.//  --Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.//  gather around/round//  --Gather round, everyone, so that you can see the screen.//  --During the air raids, we gathered the children around us and sang songs.//  gather together//  --Could the bride’s family all gather together for a photo?//  be gathered//  --Dozens of photographers were gathered outside Jagger’s villa.//\n  2 KNOW/THINK:   [I,T not in progressive] to believe that something is true because of what you have seen or heard//   understand//  --You two know each other, I gather.//  gather (that)//  --I gather you’ve had some problems with our sales department.//  from what I can gather/as far as I can gather (=this is what I believe to be true) //  --She’s his niece, from what I can gather.//\n  3 COLLECT:   [I and T] to get things from different places and put them together in one place//  --The researcher’s job is to gather information about people.//  --They had gathered 440,000 signatures to support their demand.//  gather up/together//  --Debbie gathered up the clothes.//\n  4  gather speed/force/momentum etc:  to move faster, become stronger, get more support etc//  --The cart gathered speed as it coasted down the hill.//  --The international relief effort appears to be gathering momentum.//\n  5  gather dust:  if something gathers dust, it is not being used//  --You may as well take these books - they’re just gathering dust on the shelf.//\n  6 CLOTH:   [T] //  a) to pull material into small folds//  --The skirt is gathered at the waist.//  b) to pull material or a piece of clothing closer to you//  --Moira gathered her skirts round her and climbed the steps.//\n  7  gather yourself/your strength/your thoughts:  to prepare yourself for something you are going to do, especially something difficult//  --I took a few moments to gather my thoughts before going into the meeting.//\n  8 CLOUDS/DARKNESS:   [I]  literary to gradually become more cloudy or get darker//  --Storm clouds were gathering so we hurried home.//  the gathering darkness/dusk/shadows etc //  --the evening’s gathering shadows//\n  9  gather sb to you/gather sb up:   literary to take someone into your arms and hold them in order to protect them or show them love//\ngather 2 n [C]   a small fold produced by pulling cloth together//


Words: gatherer
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who gathers something//  --information gatherers//  --Groups of hunters and gatherers (=people who found plant food) used to roam Europe.//


Words: gathering
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a meeting of a group of people:  --a select gathering of 20 or 30 people//\n  2  intelligence/information etc gathering:  the process of collecting information from many different places//\n  3 a fold or group of folds in cloth:


Words: Gatorade
Meaning:
trademark   a type of US drink which is replaces chemicals in the body that are lost when you have been exercising or playing sport//


Words: gauche
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: ’left, left-handed’]//  doing or saying wrong or impolite things, especially because you do not know the right way to behave//  --It would be gauche to mention the price.//  -- gaucheness n  [U] //


Words: gaucho
Meaning:
n   plural  gauchos  [C] //  [Date: 1800-1900; Language: American Spanish; Origin: , probably from  Quechua wahcha  ’poor person’]//  a South American cowboy//


Words: Gaudi
Meaning:
Antonio   (1852-1926) a Spanish  architect (=someone who designs buildings)  who built many unusual, highly decorated buildings in Barcelona, the most famous of which is the  cathedral (=large important church)  called  La Templo Sagrada Familia//


Words: gaudy
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: gaud  ’bright decorative object’ (14-19 centuries), probably from  Old French gaudir  ’to enjoy’]//  clothes, colours etc that are gaudy are too bright and look cheap - used to show disapproval//  --gaudy jewelry//  -- gaudily adv //  -- gaudiness n  [U] //


Words: gauge
Meaning:
also  gage AmE   n [C]   ----------//\n   1 instrument:\n   2 width/thickness:\n   3 a gauge of something:\n   4 railway:\n   5 gun:  ----------//  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French]//\n  1 INSTRUMENT:  an instrument for measuring the size or amount of something//  fuel/temperature/pressure etc gauge //  --The petrol gauge is still on full.//\n  2 WIDTH/THICKNESS:  a measurement of the width or thickness of something such as wire or metal//  --a 27 gauge needle//  --heavy gauge black polythene//\n  3  a gauge of sth:  something that helps you make a judgment about a person or situation//  --Retail sales are a gauge of consumer spending.//  --The tests will give parents a gauge of how their children are doing.//\n  4 RAILWAY:  the distance between the lines of a railway or between the wheels of a train//  --a standard gauge railway//  broad/narrow gauge (=with more/less than the standard distance between the rails) //\n  5 GUN:  the width of the barrel of a gun//  --a 12-gauge shotgun//\ngauge 2 v [T] \n  1 to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do:  gauge whether/what/how etc//  --It is difficult to gauge what the other party’s next move will be.//  --I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.//\n  2 to measure or calculate something by using a particular instrument or method:  --The thermostat will gauge the temperature and control the heat.//


Words: Gauguin
Meaning:
Paul   (1848-1903) a French painter who went to live in Tahiti, where he painted brightly coloured scenes which showed the life of the people there//


Words: Gaul
Meaning:
an area of western Europe in Roman times which included France, Belgium, the southern part of the Netherlands, southwest Germany, and part of North Italy//


Words: gaunt
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from a  Scandinavian language]//\n  1 very thin and pale, especially because of illness or continued worry:   drawn//  --the old man’s gaunt face//\n  2  literary a building, mountain etc that is gaunt looks very plain and unpleasant:  --a gaunt cathedral//  -- gauntness n  [U] //


Words: gauntlet
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1-2, 4-5; Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gantelet, from  gant  ’glove’]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1600-1700; Language: Swedish; Origin: gatlopp, from  Old Swedish gata  ’way, road’ +  lop  ’course, run’]//\n  1  throw down the gauntlet:  to invite someone to fight or compete over a disagreement//\n  2  pick up/take up the gauntlet:  to accept the invitation to fight or compete over a disagreement//\n  3  run the gauntlet:  to be criticized or attacked by a lot of people//  --The foreign secretary ran the gauntlet of demonstrators.//\n  4 [C] a long glove that covers someone’s wrist and protects their hand, for example in a factory:\n  5 [C] a glove covered in metal, used for protection by soldiers in the past:


Words: gauze
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: gaze, probably from  Gaza, town in Palestine]//\n  1 very thin transparent material with very small holes in it:\n  2  also gauze bandage  AmE thin cotton with very small holes in it that is used for tying around a wound:  --His hands were wrapped in gauze bandages.//\n  3 a material made of thin threads of metal or plastic:  --They covered the tubes with wire gauze.//  -- gauzy adj //  --a gauzy white dress//


Words: gavel
Meaning:
n [C]   a small hammer that the person in charge of a meeting, court of law, auction etc hits on a table in order to get people’s attention//


Words: gawd
Meaning:
interjection  informal   used in writing to represent the word ’God’ when it is said in this way as an expression of surprise, fear etc//


Words: gawk
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  gawk  ’left, left-handed’ (18-19 centuries)]//   informal to look at something for a long time, in a way that looks stupid//   stare//  gawk at//  --Don’t just stand there gawking at those girls!//


Words: gawky
Meaning:
adj   someone who is gawky moves or behaves in an awkward way//   clumsy//  --a gawky, long-legged teenager//  -- gawkiness n  [U] //


Words: gawp
Meaning:
v [I]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  Perhaps from  gape]//  to look at something for a long time, especially with your mouth open because you are surprised//    gape//  gawp at//  --I was carried out on a stretcher, with everyone gawping at me.//  --He felt their gawping eyes on him.//


Words: gay
Meaning:
S3   adj   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: gai  ’happy’]//\n  1 if someone, especially a man, is gay, they are sexually attracted to people of the same sex:   homosexual//    straight, lesbian//  --the gay community in London//  --gay men and lesbians//  --a gay bar//  --a campaigner for gay rights  (=equal treatment for gay people) //\n  2  old-fashioned bright or attractive:  --gay colours//\n  3  old-fashioned cheerful and excited:  --She felt excited and quite gay.//\n  4  with gay abandon:  in a careless way, without careful thought//  -- gayness n  [U] //    gaily,  gaiety//\ngay 2 n [C]   someone who is homosexual, especially a man//


Words: Gay Pride
Meaning:
a political movement that began in the U.S. and encourages gay people to be open about the fact that they are gay and to be proud of themselves//


Words: Gaye
Meaning:
Marvin   (1939-84) a US musician who wrote and performed  soul music with the  Motown record company. His many popular and successful songs include  I Heard It Through the Grapevine.//


Words: Gaza Strip
Meaning:
the Gaza Strip//  a coastal area in the Middle East, between Egypt and Israel, which belongs to Israel but is controlled by Palestinians//


Words: gaze
Meaning:
preposition]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//  to look at someone or something for a long time, giving it all your attention, often without realizing you are doing so//   stare//  gaze into/at etc//  --Nell was still gazing out of the window.//  --Patrick sat gazing into space  (=looking straight in front, not at any particular person or thing) .//\ngaze 2 n [singular]   a long steady look//  --She felt embarrassed under his steady gaze.//  lower/drop your gaze //  --Ellen smiled uncomfortably and lowered her gaze.//  meet sb’s gaze (=look directly at someone who is looking at you) //  --He didn’t dare to meet her gaze.//


Words: gazebo
Meaning:
n   plural  gazebos  [C] //  [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  Perhaps from  gaze +  Latin -ebo (as in videbo  ’I shall see’)]//  a small building with open sides in a garden, where you can sit and look at the view//


Words: gazelle
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Arabic ghazal]//  a type of small deer, which jumps very gracefully and has large beautiful eyes//


Words: gazette
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Italian gazzetta, from  Italian dialect gazeta  ’small coin’ (the price of the newspaper)]//\n  1  BrE an official newspaper, especially one from the government giving important lists of people who have been employed by them etc:\n  2 used in the names of some newspapers:  --the Phoenix Gazette//


Words: gazetteer
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin:  From The Gazetteer’s: or, Newsman’s Interpreter (1693), a dictionary of place-names by Laurence Echard, from  gazetteer  ’newspaper writer’ (17-19 centuries)]//  a list of names of places, printed as a dictionary or as a list at the end of a book of maps//


Words: gazillion
Meaning:
number  informal   an extremely large number//   a lot//  --I have a gazillion things to do.//  -- gazillion n  [C] //  --gazillions of dollars//


Words: gazump
Meaning:
v [T usually passive]    BrE  informal if you are gazumped, the person who is selling you a house sells it to another person who offers them more money//  --We were gazumped at the last minute.//  -- gazumping n  [U] //


Words: gazunder
Meaning:
v [T]  BrE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  gazump +  under]//  be gazundered//  if you are gazundered, someone who has agreed to buy your house says that they will only buy it for less than the amount originally agreed//


Words: GB
Meaning:
1 the written abbreviation of Great Britain :\n  2  also Gb :  the written abbreviation of gigabyte or gigabytes//


Words: GCE
Meaning:
n [U and C]   General Certificate of Education an examination in a range of subjects, done by students in schools in England and Wales at O level and A level. In 1988, GCE O levels were replaced by GCSEs//  --two GCE A level passes//


Words: GCHQ
Meaning:
Government Communication Headquarters an organization controlled by the British government and based in Cheltenham, whose aim is to collect information about countries which may be enemies. This is done especially by listening to radio broadcasts and telephone calls from all over the world.//


Words: GCSE
Meaning:
n [U and C]   General Certificate of Secondary Education an examination in a range of subjects, done by students in schools in England and Wales, usually at the age of 15 or 16//    O level, A level, GNVQ//  do/take (your) GCSEs //  --Adam took his GCSEs last year.//  GCSE exam/course/coursework/results etc //


Words: Gdansk
Meaning:
a city and port in Poland, known for its  shipyards where protests by workers in the 1980s forced the Communist government to make changes. Gdansk was formerly known by its German name, Danzig.//


Words: GDP
Meaning:
n [singular]   gross domestic product the total value of all goods and services produced in a country, in one year, except for income received from abroad//    GNP//


Words: gear
Meaning:
S3   n   ----------//\n   1 in cars etc:\n   2 :\n   3 change gear:\n   4 equipment:\n   5 clothes:\n   6 machinery:\n   7 drugs:\n   8 get your ass in gear:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gearwe]//\n  1 IN CARS ETC:   [U and C] the machinery in a vehicle such as a car, truck, or bicycle that you use to go comfortably at different speeds//  --His mountain bike had 18 gears.//  --Andy drove cautiously along  in third gear .//  --Does this thing have a  reverse gear ?//  -- Any cyclist can climb a difficult hill; you just  change gear .//  --Don’t turn off the engine while you’re still  in gear .//  --It’s a good habit to take the car  out of gear  while you’re at a stoplight.//\n  2 [U and C] used to talk about the amount of effort and energy that someone is using in a situation:  --During this period, Japan’s export industries were in top gear  (=were as active as they could be) .//  --The Republican’s propaganda machine moved into high gear .//  step up a gear  BrE  (=increase the level of effort) //  --United stepped up a gear in the second half.//\n  3  change gear:   BrE change/switch/shift gears  AmE to start doing something in a different way, especially using more or less energy or effort//  --The boss expects us to be able to change gear just like that.//\n  4 EQUIPMENT:   [U] a set of equipment or tools you need for a particular activity//  --He’s crazy about photography - he’s got all the gear.//  --We’ll need camping gear when we go away.//\n  5 CLOTHES:   [U] a set of clothes that you wear for a particular occasion or activity//  --Bring your rain gear.//  --police in riot gear//\n  6 MACHINERY:   [U] a piece of machinery that performs a particular job//  --the landing gear of a plane//  --heavy lifting gear//\n  7 DRUGS:   [U]  BrE  informal a word meaning illegal drugs, used by people who take drugs//\n  8  get your ass in gear:   AmE  informal used to tell someone to hurry//   move your ass//  --You’d better get your ass in gear - you’re late.//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  in/into ... gear //  first/second/third etc gear //  high/low gear //  top/bottom gear British English //  reverse gear  (=for driving backwards) //  change gear British English //  change/switch/shift gears American English (=change to a different gear) //  crunch/grind the gears  (=change gear in a way that makes an unpleasant noise) //  in/into gear (=with a gear connecting the engine to the wheels) //  out of gear (=with the engine not connected to the wheels) //  ----------//\ngear 2 v [T]   be geared to sb/sth//  to be organized in a way that is suitable for a particular purpose or situation//  --The typical career pattern was geared to men whose wives didn’t work.//  be geared to do sth//  --The course curriculum is geared to span three years.//  gear up phr v//  to prepare for something//  gear up for//  --The organization is gearing up for a convention in May.//  gear up/be geared up to do sth//  --Fast food restaurants are geared up to serve thousands of people daily.//


Words: gearing
Meaning:
n [U]  technical   the relationship between the amount of money that a company is worth and the amount that it owes in debts//


Words: gecko
Meaning:
n   plural  geckos  or  geckoes  [C] //  [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Malay; Origin: ge’kok]//  a type of small lizard//


Words: GED
Meaning:
general equivalency diploma in the US, a  diploma with the same value as a  high school diploma, which people who left high school without finishing their education can study for at any age//


Words: gee
Meaning:
interjection  especially  AmE   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Jesus]//  used to show that you are surprised or annoyed//    wow//  --Aw, gee, Mom, do we have to go?//\ngee 2 v   gee up phr v//\n  1  gee sb → up:   informal to encourage someone to try harder//  --The team needs a captain who can gee them up a bit.//\n  2  gee up!:  used to tell a horse to go faster//


Words: geek
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Perhaps from  Low German gek  ’stupid person’]//   informal someone who is not popular because they wear unfashionable clothes, do not know how to behave in social situations, or do strange things//   nerd//  --a computer geek//  -- geeky adj //


Words: geezer
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  Scottish English guiser  ’person dressed in something that hides who they are’, from  English guise]//\n  1  BrE a man:  --I know this geezer.//\n  2  AmE an old man:


Words: Gehrig
Meaning:
Lou   (1903-41) a famous US  baseball player ,who was called the ’Iron Horse’, and who played in more  consecutive games than any other player before him. He died of a rare muscle disease which is now known as ’Lou Gehrig’s disease’. //


Words: Gehry
Meaning:
Frank   (1929- ) a US  architect (=someone who designs buildings) , born in Canada, who is known for his unusual buildings with interesting shapes. He designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which opened in 1997.//


Words: Geiger counter
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Hans W.  Geiger (1882-1945), German scientist who invented it (with Walter M. Muller)]//  an instrument that finds and measures radioactivity//


Words: geisha
Meaning:
n  also geisha girl  [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Japanese; Origin: gei  ’art’ +  -sha  ’person’]//  a Japanese woman who is trained in the art of dancing, singing, and providing entertainment, especially for men//


Words: gel
Meaning:
n [U and C]   a thick wet substance that is used in beauty or cleaning products//  --hair gel//  --shower gel//\ngel 2 v   past tense and past participle  gelled present participle  gelling //\n  1  also  jell especially AmE :   [I] if a thought, plan etc gels, it becomes clearer or more definite//  --Don’t start writing until the idea has gelled in your mind.//\n  2  also  jell especially AmE :   [I] if two or more people gel, they start working well together as a group//  gel with//  --He did not gel with Chapman.//  --After two days, the group gelled into a team.//\n  3  also  jell especially AmE :   [I] if a liquid gels, it becomes firmer or thicker//\n  4 [T] to put gel into your hair:  -- gelled hair //\ngel 3   n [C]  BrE  old-fashioned   used to represent the word ’girl’, when it is said in this way//


Words: gelatin
Meaning:
gelatine/d[hA360]el[hA353]t[hA369]n $ -tn/ n   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: gelatine, from  Italian gelatina, from  gelare  ’to freeze’]//  [U] a clear substance obtained from boiled animal bones, used for making jelly//


Words: geld
Meaning:
v [T]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gelda]//  to remove the testicles of a horse//


Words: gelid
Meaning:
adj  written   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: gelidus, from  gelu  ’frost, cold’]//  very cold//


Words: gelignite
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: gelatin +  Latin ignis  ’fire’ +  English -ite]//  a powerful explosive//


Words: gem
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: gemme, from  Latin gemma  ’bud, jewel’]//\n  1  also gem stone :  a beautiful stone that has been cut into a special shape//   jewel//  --precious gems//\n  2 something that is very special or beautiful:  --Every single ad in the campaign has been a gem.//  --The Fortune is a tiny gem of a theatre.//  gem of//  --little gems of advice//\n  3 a very helpful or special person:  --Ben, you’re a real gem!//


Words: Gemini
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: ’twins’ (Castor and Pollux, sons of the god Zeus)]//\n  1 [U] the third sign of the zodiac, represented by twins, which some people believe affects the character and life of people born between May 22 and June 21:\n  2 [C] someone who was born between May 22 and June 21:


Words: gen
Meaning:
n [U]    BrE  informal information//  gen on//  --She has all the gen on cheap flights.//\ngen 2 v   past tense and past participle  genned present participle  genning //  gen up phr v//  to learn a lot of information about something for a particular purpose//  gen up on//  --It’s a good idea to gen up on the company’s product before the interview.//


Words: gendarme
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: from early  French gensdarmes  ’armed people’]//  a French police officer//


Words: gender
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gendre, from  Latin genus;   GENUS]//\n  1 [U and C] the fact of being male or female:  --people of the same gender//  --Discrimination on grounds of race or gender is forbidden.//  -- There may be  gender differences  in attitudes to paid work. //  --traditional  gender roles  //  -- gender biases  in books//  -- toys that do not reinforce  gender stereotypes //  --a science fiction story dealing with  gender issues //\n  2 [C] males or females, considered as a group:  --differences between the genders//\n  3 :  a)  [U] the system in some languages of marking words such as nouns, adjectives, and pronouns as being masculine, feminine, or neuter//  b)  [C] a group such as feminine into which words are divided in this system//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  gender differences/distinctions  (=differences between men and women) //  gender roles //  gender inequality/bias  (=when one gender is treated more fairly than another) //  gender relations //  gender stereotype  (=a fixed idea of what men or women are like) //  gender politics  (=the way that men and women compete with each other for power) //  gender issues  (=ideas and problems related to being male or female in society) //  gender identity (=whether someone is male or female) //  ----------//


Words: gene
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: German; Origin: gen, from  Greek genos  ’birth, kind’]//  a part of a cell in a living thing that controls what it looks like, how it grows, and how it develops. People get their genes from their parents//  --human genes//  --the genes that regulate cell division//


Words: genealogy
Meaning:
n   plural  genealogies //  [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: genealogie, from  Greek genea  ’family’]//\n  1 [U] the study of the history of families:\n  2 [C] a drawing or description that explains how each person in a family is related to the others:  -- genealogist n  [C] //  -- genealogical/d[hA360]i[hA359]ni[hA353]l[hA361]d[hA360][hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B] $ -l[hA35A][hA359]-/ adj //  --a useful source of genealogical information//


Words: general
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   ----------//\n   1 not detailed:\n   2 relating to whole:\n   3 ordinary:\n   4 most people:\n   5 not limited:\n   6 approximate:\n   7 job:  ----------//  [Date: 1100-1200; Language: French; Origin: Latin generalis  ’of the whole type’, from  genus;   GENUS]//\n  1 NOT DETAILED:  describing or relating to only the main features or parts of something, not the details//  --a general introduction to computing//  --I skimmed through it to get a general impression of the text.//  --I have a general idea of what I want to express.//  --He spoke in general terms about greater competitiveness.//\n  2 RELATING TO WHOLE:  involving the whole of a situation, group, or thing, rather than specific parts of it//  --There has been a general decline in standards.//  --ways to improve your general health//\n  3 ORDINARY:  ordinary or usual//  --general cooking and cleaning//  --I hate paperwork as a general rule .//\n  4 MOST PEOPLE:  shared by or affecting most people, or most of the people in a group//  --These courses are based around topics of general interest .//  --How soon can the drug be made available for general use?//\n  5 NOT LIMITED:  not limited to one use, activity, subject etc//  --The next ten minutes passed in general conversation.//  --It’s a good general fertilizer.//  --Watford General Hospital //  --This type of microphone is suitable for general use.//\n  6 APPROXIMATE:  used to talk about an approximate area or direction//  --Pat and his friend were in the  general area  of the crime when it happened.//  --They started walking  in the general direction of  the pub.//\n  7 JOB:  used in the name of a job to show that the person who does it has complete responsibility//  --the general manager //  --the Attorney General//    generally//\ngeneral 2 n   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: general officer]//\n  1 [C] an officer of very high rank in the army or air force:\n  2  in general:  a) usually or in most situations//  --In general, about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.//  b) used when talking about the whole of a situation, group, or thing, rather than specific parts of it//  --a feeling of dissatisfaction with life in general//  --These policies are unpopular with politicians and people in general.//  --We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular .//


Words: general anaesthetic
Meaning:
BrE  general anesthetic AmE n [U and C]   a medicine that makes you unconscious during an operation so that you do not feel any pain//    local anaesthetic//  --I had the operation done under general anaesthetic.//


Words: General Assembly
Meaning:
the \n  1 the group that represents all of the countries which belong to the  United Nations. Its members meet regularly to discuss plans and vote on suggestions, with each country having one vote:    security Council, the//\n  2 a group that meets to make laws in some of the states of the US:\n  3 the main group that controls some Protestant churches, especially the  Church of Scotland, consisting of church leaders who meet to make decisions :    General synod, the//


Words: general counsel
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 the legal officer of a US company with the highest rank:\n  2 a firm of US lawyers that gives general legal advice:


Words: general delivery
Meaning:
n [U]    AmE a post office department that keeps someone’s letters until that person comes to get them//  British Equivalent:  poste restante//


Words: general election
Meaning:
n [C]   an election in which all the people in a country who can vote elect a government//  --during the 1987 general election campaign //  --an attempt to persuade the government to hold a general election  (=have a general election) //


Words: general headquarters
Meaning:
n [plural]   the place from which the actions of an organization, especially a military one, are controlled//


Words: General Motors
Meaning:
trademark   GM one of the world’s largest car companies, which is based in the US and has factories in many countries. Its cars and  trucks include  Chevrolets,  Oldsmobiles.//


Words: general practice
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] the work of a doctor or lawyer who deals with all the ordinary types of illnesses or legal cases, rather than one specific type:\n  2 [C] a group of lawyers or doctors who do all types of work:


Words: general public
Meaning:
n   the general public [also + plural verb British English] the ordinary people in a country, rather than people belonging to a particular group//  --health education aimed at the general public//


Words: general strike
Meaning:
n [C]   a situation when most of the workers in a country refuse to work in order to protest about working conditions, wages etc//


Words: General Synod
Meaning:
the   the group of people who govern the Church of England. It includes  bishops and elected representatives from among the priests and other members of the church.//


Words: general-purpose
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   suitable for most situations or jobs, or having a wide range of uses//  --a general-purpose computer//


Words: generalist
Meaning:
n [C]   a person who knows about many different things and can do many things well//  → specialist//  -- generalist adj //


Words: generality
Meaning:
n   plural  generalities //\n  1 [C usually plural] a very general statement that avoids mentioning details or specific cases:  --The Secretary of State has given us nothing today but bland generalities.//\n  2  the generality of sth:   BrE  formal most of a group of people or things//  --Temporary workers are considerably younger than the generality of workers.//\n  3 [U]  formal the quality of being true or useful in most situations:


Words: generalization
Meaning:
also  generalisation BrE   n \n  1 [C] a statement about all the members of a group that may be true in some or many situations but is not true in every case:  --You can’t make generalizations about what men and women are like.//  broad/sweeping/gross generalization //  --a sweeping generalization based on speculation//\n  2 [U] the act of making generalizations:


Words: generalize
Meaning:
also  generalise BrE   v \n  1 [I] to form a general principle or opinion after considering only a small number of facts or examples:  generalize from//  --She has a tendency to generalize from her husband to all men.//\n  2 [I] to make a general statement about the whole of a group or thing:  generalize about//  --It is difficult to generalise about the kind of people who come on these courses.//\n  3 [T]  formal to say that an idea, result etc is related to a larger group:  --Can we generalise this principle?//  generalize sth to sth//  --the issue of whether the research findings can be generalized to a wider population//


Words: generalized
Meaning:
also  generalised BrE   adj [usually before noun]   involving or relating to many things, people, or parts//  --generalized statements//  --generalized anxiety//


Words: generally
Meaning:
adv \n  1 considering or relating to the whole of a thing or group, rather than to details or specific cases or parts:   broadly//  --It was generally a positive conversation.//  --She’s not really ill, just generally run-down.//  [sentence adverb] //  --Generally, part-timers work in low-status, low-wage occupations.//  --The second survey was concerned with working-class culture more generally.//\n  2 by or to most people:   widely//  generally regarded/accepted/known etc //  --The plants are generally regarded as weeds.//  --a generally accepted view//  --It could be five years before the drug is generally available .//\n  3 usually or most of the time:   usually//  --I generally get in to work by 8.00.//\n  4  generally speaking:  used to introduce a statement that is true in most cases but not always//  --Generally speaking, the more expensive the stereo, the better it is.//


Words: generate
Meaning:
W2   v [T]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  generare  ’to produce children’, from  genus;   GENUS]//\n  1 to produce or cause something:   create//  --a useful technique for generating new ideas//  --The program would generate a lot of new jobs.//  generate revenue/profits/income etc //  --Tourism generates income for local communities.//  generate excitement/interest/support etc //  --The project generated enormous interest.//\n  2 to produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy:  --Wind turbines generate electricity for the local community.//


Words: generation
Meaning:
n \n  1 [C also + plural verb British English] all people of about the same age:  --Like most of my generation, I had never known a war.//  --In my generation the divorce rate is very high.//  --the need to preserve the planet for future generations //  generation of//  --the post-war generation of writers//  the younger/older generation (=the younger or older people in society) //  --The younger generation don’t know what hard work is.//  --The story has been handed down from generation to generation .//\n  2 [C] all the members of a family of about the same age:  --Friction is common when three generations live together.//  first-generation/second-generation etc (=being a member of the first, second etc generation to live or be born in a country) //  --first-generation immigrants//  --a third-generation American//\n  3 [C] the average period of time between the birth of a person and the birth of that person’s children:  for generations//  --Some families have lived here for generations.//  --The country’s attitude toward government is harsher than it was a generation ago.//\n  4 [C] a group of things that were developed from something else, or from which better things were developed:  generation of//  --the new generation of mobile phones//  --the first generation of nuclear power stations//  first-generation/second-generation etc //  --second-generation computers//\n  5 [U] the process of producing something or making something happen:   production//  generation of//  --the generation of electricity//


Words: generation gap
Meaning:
n [singular]   the lack of understanding or the differences between older people and younger people//


Words: Generation X
Meaning:
also Gen X   young people in the 1990s, seen as not having any strong beliefs, not being involved in their society, and making no plans for the future//  --Generation X has its own culture, and aims to enjoy itself without making too much of an effort.//


Words: generational
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   connected with a particular generation or the relationship between different generations//  --generational conflict//  --generational divisions//


Words: generative
Meaning:
adj  formal \n  1 able to produce something:  --the generative power of the life force//\n  2  generative grammar/linguistics/phonology:  the description of a language using rules that produce all the possible correct sentences of the language//


Words: generator
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a machine that produces electricity:  --an emergency generator//\n  2 a company that produces electricity:\n  3 something that produces something else:  generator of//  --good generators of income//


Words: generic
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: generique, from  Latin genus;   GENUS]//\n  1 relating to a whole group of things rather than to one thing:  generic term/name (for sth) //  --Fine Arts is a generic term for subjects such as painting, music and sculpture.//\n  2 a generic product does not have a special name to show that it is made by a particular company:  generic drugs //  -- generically/-kli/ adv //


Words: generosity
Meaning:
n   [U] a generous attitude, or generous behaviour//  --an act of great generosity//  generosity to/towards//  --his generosity to the poor//  --I shall never forget the generosity shown by the people of Bastaisk.//  acts of generosity //


Words: generous
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: genereux, from  Latin generosus  ’born into a high rank’, from  genus;   GENUS]//\n  1 someone who is generous is willing to give money, spend time etc, in order to help people or give them pleasure:  → mean//  generous to//  --She’s always very generous to the kids.//  generous with//  --Jim is very generous with his time.//  it/that is generous (of sb)//  --It was generous of them to ask Anna along.//  generous offer/support/donation etc //  --my employer’s generous offer to pay the bill//\n  2 larger or more than the usual size or amount:  → measly//  --a generous glass of wine//  generous amount/helping/measure etc //  --a generous helping of pasta//  --He had a well-shaped, generous mouth.//\n  3 sympathetic in the way you deal with people, and tending to see the good qualities in someone or something:  → mean//  --She was generous enough to overlook my little mistake.//  -- generously adv //  --Please give generously to the refugee fund.//  --Spread each slice generously with butter.//


Words: Genesis
Meaning:
the first book of the  Old Testament of the  Bible, which describes the history of the Earth and its people. It includes the   creation of  heaven and the Earth, the story of  Adam and  Eve, and the story of the  Flood. Many people know the first words of Genesis: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.//


Words: genesis
Meaning:
n [singular]  formal   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek, from  gignesthai  ’to be born’]//  the beginning or origin of something//  genesis of//  --the genesis of the myth//


Words: genetic
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: genesis]//  relating to genes or genetics//  --genetic defects//  --each person’s genetic make-up//  --genetic research//  -- genetically/-kli/ adv //  --genetically determined characteristics//


Words: genetic engineering
Meaning:
n [U]   the science of changing the genetic structure of an animal, plant, or human, usually to make them stronger or healthier//  -- genetic engineer n  [C] //


Words: genetic fingerprinting
Meaning:
n [U]   the process of examining the pattern of someone’s genes, especially in order to find out if they are guilty of a crime//


Words: genetically modified
Meaning:
adj  also genetically engineered   GM genetically modified foods or plants have had their genetic structure changed so that they are not affected by particular diseases or harmful insects//


Words: genetics
Meaning:
n [U]   the study of how the qualities of living things are passed on in their genes//  -- geneticist/-t[hA369]s[hA369]st/ n  [C] //


Words: Geneva
Meaning:
a city in Switzerland which is the main base for the  Red Cross, the  World Health Organization, and several other important international organizations. It is on the shore of Lake Geneva, one of the largest lakes in Europe.//


Words: Geneva Convention
Meaning:
the   a set of agreements that establish rules for how people should be treated during wars, especially if they are wounded or taken prisoner. The Geneva Convention was first written in Geneva, Switzerland, in the 19th century and was accepted by most countries. It has been changed several times at later international meetings.//


Words: Genghis Khan
Meaning:
(?1160-1227) the ruler of the Mongol people in China, who was a successful military and political leader. He took control of northern India and sent his armies as far west as the Black Sea. People think of him as a very cruel leader, and people who have very  right wing political opinions are sometimes humorously described as being ’to the right of Genghis Khan’.//


Words: genial
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: genialis, from  genius;   GENIUS]//  friendly and happy//  --a genial smile//  -- genially adv //  -- geniality/d[hA360]i[hA359]ni[zB024]l[hA369]ti/ n  [U] //


Words: genie
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: genie, from  Arabic jinniy]//  a magical creature in old Arabian stories that will do what you want when you call it//


Words: genital
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: genitalis, from  gignere  ’to produce children’]//  relating to or affecting the outer sex organs//  --the genital area//  --genital mutilation//


Words: genitive
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: genitivus  ’of birth’, from  gignere;   GENITAL]//   technical a form of a noun in some languages which shows a relationship of possession or origin between one thing and another//  -- genitive adj //


Words: genius
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: ’spirit who guards a person or place’, from  gignere;   GENITAL]//\n  1 [U] a very high level of intelligence, mental skill, or ability, which only a few people have:  --The film reveals Fellini’s genius.//  work/writer/man etc of genius //  --Wynford was an architect of genius.//  a stroke of genius (=a very clever idea) //  --At the time, his appointment seemed a stroke of genius.//  --a work of pure genius //\n  2 [C] someone who has an unusually high level of intelligence, mental skill, or ability:  --Freud was a genius.//  musical/comic/mathematical etc genius //  a genius at (doing) sth//  --My father was a genius at storytelling.//\n  3  a genius for (doing) sth:  special skill at doing something//  --That woman has a genius for organization.//  --Warhol’s genius for publicity//


Words: genocide
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: genos  ’birth, race, type’ +  English -cide]//  the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people//    ethnic cleansing//  --The military leaders were accused of genocide.//  -- genocidal/d[hA360]en[hA353]sa[hA366]dl[hA36B]/ adj //  --a genocidal regime//


Words: genome
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: genos  ’birth, race, type’ +  English chromosome]//  all the genes in one cell of living thing//  --the human genome//


Words: genre
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Old French gendre;   GENDER]//   formal a particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share//  genre of//  --a new genre of filmmaking//  --a literary genre//


Words: gent
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: gentleman]//\n  1  informal  especially BrE a gentleman:  --a well-dressed elderly gent//  --I’ve always prided myself on being a perfect gent.//\n  2  the gents:   BrE a public toilet for men//  American Equivalent:  men’s room//


Words: genteel
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: gentil;   GENTLE]//\n  1 polite, gentle, or graceful:  --She broke into a genteel run.//\n  2  old-fashioned from or relating to a good social class:  -- genteelly adv //


Words: gentian
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: gentiana, perhaps from  Gentius king of ancient Illyria, in Southern Europe, who is said to have discovered the use of the plant as a medicine]//  a small plant with blue or purple flowers that grows in mountain areas//


Words: gentile
Meaning:
also  Gentile/d[hA360]enta[hA366]l/ n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: gentilis, from  Latin gens  ’family, nation’]//  someone who is not Jewish//  -- gentile adj  [only before noun] //


Words: gentility
Meaning:
n [U]  formal   the quality of being polite, gentle, or graceful, and of seeming to belong to a high social class//  --The hotel had an air of discreet gentility.//


Words: gentle
Meaning:
W3S3   adj   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: gentil, from  Latin gentilis  ’of a family, of the same family’, from  gens;   GENTILE]//\n  1 kind and careful in the way you behave or do things, so that you do not hurt or damage anyone or anything:  → rough//  --Arthur was a very gentle, caring person.//  gentle voice/smile/touch //  --’Where does it hurt?’ she asked in a gentle voice.//  gentle with//  --Be gentle with the baby.//\n  2 not extreme, strong, or violent:  gentle exercise/walk/stroll etc //  --a program of regular gentle exercise//  --the gentle pressure of Jill’s hand//  --After a little gentle persuasion , she agreed to go back to her family.//  --Melt the butter over a gentle heat  (=low heat) .//\n  3 a gentle wind or rain is soft and light:  --a gentle breeze //\n  4 a gentle hill or slope is not steep or sharp:  --the gentle slopes of Mt Pelee//  -- gentleness n  [U] //    gently//


Words: gentleman
Meaning:
W2S3   n   plural  gentlemen /-m[hA353]n/ [C] //\n  1 a polite word for a man, used especially when talking to or about a man you do not know:    lady//  --Could you serve this gentleman please, Miss Bath?//  --Good morning, ladies and gentlemen .//  --An elderly gentleman was asleep next to the fire.//\n  2 a man who is always polite, has good manners, and treats other people well:    lady//  --Martin - always the perfect gentleman - got to his feet when my mother walked in.//  --Mr Field was a real gentleman .//\n  3  old-fashioned a man from a high social class, especially one whose family owns a lot of property:    lady//  --an English country gentleman //


Words: gentleman farmer
Meaning:
n [C]  especially BrE   a man belonging to a high social class who owns and runs a farm, but who usually hires people to do the work//


Words: gentlewoman
Meaning:
n   plural  gentlewomen /-w[hA366]m[hA366]n/ [C]  old use //  a woman who belongs to a high social class//


Words: gently
Meaning:
W3   adv \n  1 in a gentle way:  --’You go back to bed now,’ he said gently.//  --She kissed me gently on the cheek.//  --Gently cook the peppers for 10-15 minutes.//  --Rain pattered gently on the roof above.//  --The road curved gently upwards.//\n  2  gently/gently does it!:   BrE  spoken used to tell someone to be careful when they are handling something, moving something etc//  --Gently, Sammy, you don’t want to break it.//


Words: gentrification
Meaning:
n [U]   a gradual process in which an area in bad condition where poor people live is changed by people with more money coming to live there and improving it//  -- gentrify/d[hA360]entr[hA369]fa[hA366]/ v  [T usually passive] //


Words: gentry
Meaning:
n [plural]  old-fashioned   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: genterise,  gentelise, from  gentil;   GENTLE]//  people who belong to a high social class//  --a member of the landed gentry  (=gentry who own land) //


Words: genuflect
Meaning:
v [I]  formal   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Late Latin; Origin: genuflectere, from  Latin genu  ’knee’ +  flectere  ’to bend’]//\n  1 to bend one or both knees when in church or a holy place as a sign of respect:\n  2 to show too much respect towards someone or something - used to show disapproval:   kowtow//  genuflect to//  --He was a man of principle, refusing to genuflect to the party leadership.//  -- genuflection/d[hA360]enj[hA36A]flek[hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U and C] //


Words: genuine
Meaning:
W3S3   adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: genuinus  ’born, genuine’]//\n  1 a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel:   sincere//  genuine interest/concern/desire etc //  --The reforms are motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.//  --a genuine fear of invasion//  --’Did he really?’ Her surprise seemed genuine.//\n  2 something genuine really is what it seems to be:   real//  --We need laws that will protect genuine refugees.//  --The strap is genuine leather.//\n  3 someone who is genuine is honest and friendly and you feel you can trust them:  → false//  --She is the most genuine person I’ve ever met.//\n  4  the genuine article:  a)  informal a person or thing that is a true example of their type//  --If you want to meet a real Southerner, Jake is the genuine article.//  b) something that is real and is not a copy intended to deceive people//  --Some fake designer clothes are so good that people have no idea they’re not buying the genuine article.//  -- genuinely adv //  --The boy seemed genuinely interested.//  -- genuineness n  [U] //


Words: genus
Meaning:
n   plural  genera /d[hA360]en[hA353]r[hA353]/ [C]  technical //  [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: ’birth, race, type’]//  one of the groups into which scientists divide animals or plants, in which the animals or plants are closely related but cannot produce babies together. A genus includes fewer members than a family and more members than a species.//


Words: geo-
Meaning:
prefix  technical   [Language: Greek; Origin: ge  ’earth’]//  relating to the Earth or its surface//  --geophysics//  --geopolitical//


Words: geodesic
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   having a shape or structure made from small flat pieces, usually  triangles or pentagons, that are put together to form curves//  --a geodesic dome//


Words: geographical
Meaning:
adj  also  geographic\n  1 relating to the place in an area, country etc where something or someone is:  geographical area/location/position //  --a large geographical area//  --their geographical proximity to Japan (=nearness to Japan) //\n  2 relating to geography:  --geographical research work//  -- geographically/-kli/ adv //


Words: geography
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: geographia, from  Greek,  ’describing the Earth’, from  ge (  GEO-) +  graphein  ’to write’]//\n  1 the study of the countries, oceans, rivers, mountains, cities etc of the world:  --a geography lesson//    physical geography,  political geography//\n  2 the geography of a building, city etc is the way all its parts are arranged:  geography of//  --The geography of the flats made it hard to get to know our neighbours.//


Words: geology
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: geologia, from  Greek ge (  GEO-) +  -logia (  -LOGY%)]//  the study of the rocks, soil etc that make up the Earth, and of the way they have changed since the Earth was formed//  -- geologist n  [C] //  -- geological/d[hA360]i[hA359][hA353]l[hA361]d[hA360][hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B] $ -l[hA35A][hA359]-/ adj //  --geological periods//  -- geologically/-kli/ adv //


Words: geomancy
Meaning:
n [U]   the belief that arranging your home, house, office etc in a particular way will bring you good or bad luck//    feng shui//


Words: geometric
Meaning:
1 having or using the shapes and lines in geometry, such as circles or squares, especially when these are arranged in regular patterns:  --a geometric design//\n  2 relating to geometry:  -- geometrically/-kli/ adv //


Words: geometric progression
Meaning:
n [C]   a set of numbers in order, in which each is multiplied by a specific number to produce the next number in the series (as in 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,...)//    arithmetic progression//


Words: geometry
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: geometrie, from  Greek geometria  ’measuring the Earth’, from  ge (  GEO-) +  metron  ’measure’]//  the study in mathematics of the angles and shapes formed by the relationships of lines, surfaces, and solid objects in space//


Words: geophysics
Meaning:
n [U]   the study of the movements of parts of the Earth, and the forces involved with this, including the weather, the oceans etc//  -- geophysical adj //  -- geophysicist/-z[hA369]s[hA369]st/ n  [C] //


Words: geopolitics
Meaning:
n [U]   ideas and activities relating to the way that a country’s position, population etc affect its political development and its relationship with other countries, or the study of this//  -- geopolitical/d[hA360]i[hA359][hA353][hA35E]p[hA353]l[hA366]t[hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B] $ d[hA360]i[hA359]o[hA35E]-/ adj //


Words: Geordie
Meaning:
n  BrE  informal   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  From the local way of saying  Georgie, a form of the man’s name  George]//\n  1 [C] someone from Tyneside in North East England:\n  2 [U] a way of speaking that is typical of people from Tyneside:


Words: George
Meaning:
Saint   (?-303 AD) the  patron saint of England. He was born in eastern  Asia Minor, became a soldier in the Roman army, and was officially killed in  Palestine because of his Christian beliefs. In many stories and pictures he is shown as saving the life of a woman by killing a  dragon (=an imaginary large animal that breathes fire) . St George’s Day, 23rd April, is celebrated as the English national day.//


Words: George Cross
Meaning:
the   an honour given to British people not in the armed forces who do something extremely brave, for example saving someone else’s life at great danger to themselves//


Words: George I
Meaning:
King   (1660-1727) the king of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 until his death. He was born in Germany and spent most of his time there, and he never learned to speak English. His lack of interest in government led to Britain having its first Prime Minister.//


Words: George II
Meaning:
King   (1683-1760) King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1727 to 1760. He was the last king to lead his men personally in battle.//


Words: George III
Meaning:
King   (1738-1820) the king of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 until his death. He was the British king  when the US fought to become independent of Britain, and suffered at times from a serious mental illness.//


Words: George IV
Meaning:
King   (1762-1830) the king of Great Britain and Ireland from 1820 until his death. From 1811 to 1820, he acted as king and had the title ’Prince Regent’, because his father, King George III, was mentally ill and unable to rule. This period of British history is called ’the Regency’.//


Words: George Medal
Meaning:
the   an honour in the form of a red  ribbon with five blue  stripes. It is given for similar acts of bravery as the George Cross but is not such a high honour.//


Words: George VI
Meaning:
King   (1895-1952) the British king from 1936 until his death, and the father of Queen Elizabeth II//


Words: Georgetown
Meaning:
1 a fashionable area of Washington, D.C., where there are many expensive shops and houses. It is also known for its university.:\n  2 the capital city of Guyana:\n  3 the capital of the Cayman Islands:


Words: Georgia GA
Meaning:
1 a state in the southeast US, one of the original 13 states established under British rule. Its capital and largest city is Atlanta.:\n  2 a country in the extreme southeast of Europe, east of the Black Sea. Georgia was one of the states of the former Soviet Unon. Population: 4,989,000 (2001). Capital: Tbilisi.:  -- Georgian n  adj //


Words: Georgian
Meaning:
adj   Georgian buildings, furniture etc come from the 18th century, when Britain was ruled by the Kings George the First, Second, and Third//  --Georgian townhouse//


Words: Georgie Porgie
Meaning:
a character in a  nursery rhyme (=an old song or poem for young children)  who is a badly-behaved little boy. The rhyme goes: Georgie Porgie pudding and pie,/ Kissed the girls and made them cry./ When the boys came out to play/ Georgie Porgie ran away.//


Words: geranium
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek geranion, from  geranos  ’crane’; because the plant’s seed-case looks like a crane’s long beak]//  a plant with red, pink, or white flowers and round leaves//


Words: gerbil
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: gerbille, from  Latin gerboa  ’jerboa’, a type of small animal, from  Arabic yarbu’]//  a small animal with fur, a tail, and long back legs, that is often kept as a pet//


Words: geriatric
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: geras  ’old age’ +  English -iatric]//\n  1 [only before noun] relating to the medical care and treatment of old people:  --a specialist in geriatric medicine//\n  2  informal too old to work well:  --a geriatric rock star//


Words: geriatrics
Meaning:
n [U]   the medical treatment and care of old people//    gerontology//  -- geriatrician/d[hA360]eri[hA353]tr[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [C] //


Words: Geritol
Meaning:
trademark   a type of medicine sold  over-the-counter in the US which contains a lot of iron. It is usually taken by older people.//


Words: germ
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: germe, from  Latin germen  ’seed, bud, germ’, from  gignere;   GENITAL]//\n  1 a very small living thing that can make you ill:    bacteria//  --Put disinfectant down the toilet to kill any germs.//\n  2  the germ of an idea/theory/feeling etc:  the early stage of an idea, feeling etc that may develop into something bigger and more important//  --The germ of a story began to form in his mind.//\n  3  technical the part of a plant or animal that can develop into a new plant or animal:  --germ cells containing DNA//    wheatgerm,  germ warfare//


Words: German
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: Germanus]//  relating to Germany, its people, or its language//  --German history//  --a young German couple//\nGerman 2 n \n  1 [C] someone from Germany:\n  2 [U] the language used in Germany, Austria, and parts of Switzerland:


Words: German measles
Meaning:
n [U]   an infectious disease that causes red spots on your body, and can damage an unborn child//   rubella//


Words: German shepherd
Meaning:
n [C]   a large dog rather like a wolf that is often used by the police, for guarding property etc//  British Equivalent:  Alsatian//


Words: German Unification
Meaning:
the uniting of East and West Germany in 1990 after they had been separated since 1945. This followed the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and then the  collapse of the East German government.//


Words: germane
Meaning:
adj  formal   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: germanus  ’having the same parents’, from  germen;   GERM]//  an idea, remark etc that is germane to something is related to it in an important and suitable way//   relevant//  germane to//  --an article which is germane to the subject being discussed//


Words: Germanic
Meaning:
adj \n  1 relating to the language family that includes German, Dutch, Swedish, and English:\n  2 relating to or typical of Germany or German people:


Words: Germany
Meaning:
a country in central Europe, which was divided from 1945 until 1990 into West Germany and East Germany. Population: 83,030,000 (2001). Capital: Berlin. It is a member of the EU.//


Words: germinate
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  germinare  ’to start to grow’, from  germen;   GERM]//\n  1 [I and T] if a seed germinates, or if it is germinated, it begins to grow:   sprout//\n  2 [I] if an idea, feeling etc germinates, it begins to develop:  --The idea of setting up his own company began to germinate in his mind.//  -- germination/d[hA360][hA362][hA359]m[hA369]ne[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n $ d[hA360][hA362][hA359]r-/ n  [U] //


Words: Geronimo
Meaning:
1 (1829-1909) an  Apache chief who fought white  settlers so that his people could continue living on their own land in New Mexico and Arizona. In 1866 the US army caught him and forced his people to move to Oklahoma. He spoke the story of his life so that it could be written down, and it became the book  Geronimo, His Own Story. :\n  2 a word that US  paratroopers are known for shouting when they jump out of planes, and which children shout when they jump from a high place:


Words: gerontology
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: geron  ’old man’ +  English -ology]//  the scientific study of old age and its effects on the body//    geriatrics//  -- gerontologist n  [C] //  -- gerontological/d[hA360][hA353]r[hA361]nt[hA353]l[hA361]d[hA360][hA366]k[hA368]l[hA36B] $ -r[hA35A][hA359]nt[hA353]l[hA35A][hA359]-/ adj //


Words: gerrymandering
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Elbridge  Gerry (1744-1818), US politician +  salamander; because a voting area he made to help his own party win an election was said to be shaped like a salamander]//  when politicians change the size and borders of an area before an election, so that one person, group, or party has an unfair advantage//  -- gerrymander v  [I and T] //


Words: Gershwin
Meaning:
George   (1898-1937) a US  composer who wrote both  classical music and popular songs and tunes. He is famous especially for his  opera Porgy and Bess and for  Rhapsody in Blue. His brother Ira Gershwin (1896-1983) wrote the words for many of his popular songs.//


Words: gerund
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Late Latin; Origin: gerundium, from  Latin gerere  ’to bear, carry on’]//  a noun in the form of the present participle of a verb, for example ’shopping’ in the sentence ’I like shopping’//


Words: gestalt
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: German; Origin: ’shape’]//  a whole thing that is different from all its parts, and has qualities that are not present in any of its parts by themselves//  --gestalt psychology//


Words: Gestapo
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: German; Origin: geheime staatspolizei  ’secret state police’]//  the Gestapo//  the secret police force used by the state in Germany during the Nazi period//


Words: gestation
Meaning:
n [singular, U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: gestatio, from  gestare  ’to bear’]//\n  1  medical the process by which a child or young animal develops inside its mother’s body before birth, or the period of time when this happens:    pregnancy//  --The gestation period of a horse is about 11 months.//\n  2  formal the process by which a new idea, piece of work etc is developed, or the period of time when this happens:   development//  in gestation//  --The report was a very long time in gestation.//


Words: gesticulate
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of  gesticulari, from  gestus;   GESTURE1]//  to make movements with your arms and hands, usually while speaking, because you are excited, angry, or cannot think of the right words to use//   gesture//  --Jane gesticulated wildly and shouted ’Stop! Stop!’//  -- gesticulation/d[hA360]est[hA366]kj[hA36A]le[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U and C] //


Words: gesture
Meaning:
W3   n   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: gestura, from  Latin gestus  ’action, gesture’, from  gerere  ’to bear’]//\n  1 [U and C] a movement of part of your body, especially your hands or head, to show what you mean or how you feel:  in a ... gesture (of sth)//  --Jim raised his hands in a despairing gesture.//  --Luke made an obscene gesture with his finger.//  gesture of//  --She shook her head with a gesture of impatience.//\n  2 [C] something that you say or do, often something small, to show how you feel about someone or something:  --They decided it would be a  nice gesture  to send her a card. //  -- Tearing up the price list was simply a  symbolic gesture.  //  gesture of//  -- As a  gesture of goodwill,  we have decided to waive the charges on this occasion. //  gesture towards//  --The Queen has now  made a gesture towards public opinion.//  -- gestural adj //  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 2 //  nice gesture //  symbolic gesture  (=something you do to show people how you feel) //  grand gesture  (=something you do to make people notice you) //  gesture of goodwill/friendship //  gesture of solidarity/support //  gesture of defiance //  make a gesture (towards somebody/something) (=do something to show that you have some respect for someone or something) //  ----------//\ngesture 2 v [I]   to move your hand, arm, or head to tell someone something, or show them what you mean//  gesture to/towards/at//  --Brad gestured towards the door. ’Get out.’//  gesture for sb to do sth//  --He gestured for her to take a seat.//


Words: gesundheit
Meaning:
interjection  AmE   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: German; Origin: ’health’]//  used to wish someone good health when they have just sneezed//   bless you//


Words: get
Meaning:
v   past tense  got past participle  got /g[hA361]t $ g[hA35A][hA359]t/ BrE  gotten /g[hA361]tn $ g[hA35A][hA359]tn/ AmE present participle  getting //  ----------//\n   1 receive:\n   2 obtain:\n   3 bring:\n   4 buy:\n   5 money:\n   6 have a feeling/idea:\n   7 have/experience:\n   8 illness:\n   9 achieve:\n  10 receive a punishment:\n  11 arrive:\n  12 reach a point:\n  13 get (somebody) somewhere/anywhere/nowhere:\n  14 move:\n  15 make something move:\n  16 travel:\n  17 become:\n  18 make somebody/something become something:\n  19 be hurt/broken etc:\n  20 make something happen to somebody/something:\n  21 make something do something:\n  22 make somebody do something:\n  23 understand:\n  24 cook:\n  25 radio/television:\n  26 answer the door/telephone:\n  27 catch somebody:\n  28 hurt/kill somebody:\n  29 trick somebody:\n  30 on the telephone:\n  31 get doing something:\n  32 get to do something:\n  33 get to like/know/understand somebody/something:\n  34 you get something:\n  35 you’ve got me (there):\n  36 it/what gets me:\n  37 get this:  Phrasal verbs//   get about//   get across//   get ahead//   get along//   get around//   get around to something//   get at somebody/something//   get away//   get away from somebody/something//   get away with something//   get back//   get back at somebody//   get back to somebody//   get behind//   get by//   get down//   get down to something//   get in//   get in on something//   get in with somebody//   get into something//   get off//   get off on something//   get off with somebody//   get on//   get onto somebody/something//   get out//   get out of something//   get over//   get round//   get round to something//   get through//   get (something) through to somebody//   get to somebody/something//   get together//   get up//   get up to something//  ----------//  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: geta]//\n  1 RECEIVE:   [T not in passive] to receive something that someone gives you or sends you//  --She got loads of presents.//  --What did you get for Christmas?//  --We get a lot of junk mail.//  get sth from sb//  --We got a letter from Pam this morning.//  get sth off sb//   spoken  informal //  --I got it off my Dad.//  --I got a few games free when I bought my computer. see usage note  gain1 //\n  2 OBTAIN:   [T] to obtain something by finding it, asking for it, or paying for it//  --We need to get help quickly!//  --It would be a good idea to get professional advice.//  --You may be able to get a grant from the local authority.//  --He cleared his throat to get our attention.//  get sth for sb//  --I want you to get some information for me.//  get sb sth//  --His father managed to get him a job at the local factory.//\n  3 BRING:   [T] to bring someone or something back from somewhere//  --Run upstairs and get a pillow.//  --I went back into the office to get a pen.//  --Shall I go and get the phone book?//  get sb/sth from sth//  --She’s just gone to get the kids from school.//  get sth for sb//  --I’ll get a towel for you.//  get sb sth//  --I’ll get you a chair. see usage note  bring//\n  4 BUY:   [T] //  a) to buy something//  --Where did you get that jacket?//  get sth for sb//  --Joe’s going to get tickets for all of us.//  get sb sth//  --While you’re out, could you get me some batteries?//  get yourself sth//  --He’s just got himself a new van.//  get sth from sth//  --I usually get vegetables from the supermarket.//  get sth for $20/[hA124]100/50p etc //  --You can get a decent PC for about [hA124]500 now.//  --It’s a lovely coat, and I managed to get it cheap in the sales.//  b)  spoken to pay for something for someone else//  --I’ll get these drinks.//  c) to buy a newspaper regularly//  --My parents always used to get the Daily Telegraph.//\n  5 MONEY:   [T] //  a) to receive money for doing work//  --Hospital doctors get a minimum of [hA124]50,000 a year.//  get [hA124]2000/$4000 etc for doing sth //  --He gets [hA124]4 an hour for stacking shelves at the local supermarket.//  b) to receive money when you sell something//  get [hA124]100/$200 etc for sth //  --You should get a couple of hundred pounds for your old car.//  --Did you get a good price for it? see usage note  gain1 //\n  6 HAVE A FEELING/IDEA:   [T] to start to have a feeling or an idea//  --She began to get an uncomfortable feeling that she was being watched.//  --I got a terrible shock when I saw how ill he looked.//  --I got the impression that everyone was fed up with us.//  get pleasure from/out of sth //  --She gets a lot of pleasure from her garden.//\n  7 HAVE/EXPERIENCE:   [T] to have, do, or experience something//  --You don’t get enough exercise.//  --I never get time to read these days.//  --The west of the country gets quite a lot of rain.//  --We might get the chance to go to America this year.//\n  8 ILLNESS:   [T not in passive] to catch an illness//  --I got flu last winter and was in bed for three weeks.//  --She was worried she might get food poisoning.//\n  9 ACHIEVE:   [T] to achieve something//  --I got 98% in my last maths test.//  --the person who gets the highest score//\n  10 RECEIVE A PUNISHMENT:   [T] to receive something as a punishment//  --He got ten years in prison for his part in the robbery.//\n  11 ARRIVE:   [I always + adverb/preposition] to arrive somewhere//  --What time will we get there?//  --We didn’t get home until midnight.//  get to//  --We got to Paris that evening.//\n  12 REACH A POINT:   [I always + adverb/preposition] to reach a particular point or stage of something//  --I’ve got as far as chapter 5.//  --I couldn’t wait to get to the end of the book.//  --Where have you got up to in the story?//  --It was disappointing to lose, having got this far in the competition.//\n  13  get (sb) somewhere/anywhere/nowhere:  if you get somewhere, or if an action gets you somewhere, you make progress//  --I think we’re getting somewhere at last.//  --We didn’t seem to be getting anywhere.//  --I’ve tried arguing, but it got me nowhere.//\n  14 MOVE:   [I always +adverb/preposition] to move or go somewhere//  --Get out of my house!//  --We managed to get past the guards.//  --They shouted at us to get back.//  --Peter got to his feet  (=stood up) .//\n  15 MAKE SOMETHING MOVE:   [T always + adverb/preposition] to make something or someone move to a different place or position, especially with some difficulty//  --I couldn’t get the disk out of the computer.//  --Could you help me get the wardrobe up the stairs?//  --We must get food and emergency aid into the area as quickly as possible.//\n  16 TRAVEL:   [T] to travel somewhere on a train, bus etc//  --You can get a bus to the station.//  --I got the 9:15 from London to Edinburgh.//\n  17 BECOME:   [linking verb] to change to a new feeling, situation, or state//   become//  --Don’t get upset.//  --She soon got bored with the job.//  --He calmed down as he got older.//  --Eat your dinner before it gets cold.//  --This is getting silly.//  get to be sth//   informal //  --It’s getting to be a problem.//  --How did you get to be so smart? see usage note  become//\n  18 MAKE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING BECOME SOMETHING:   [T] to make someone or something change to a new feeling, situation, or state//  --Sometimes she gets me so angry!//  --Don’t get the children too excited.//  --He was terrified of getting her pregnant.//  --It took them fifteen minutes to get the boat ready.//\n  19 BE HURT/BROKEN ETC:   [linking verb, T] used to say that something, especially something bad, happens to someone or something//  get hurt/broken/stolen etc //  --You might get hurt if you stand there.//  --Mind the camera doesn’t get broken.//  --My dad got killed in a car crash.//  --I knew I would get shouted at if I was late home.//  --This is a question we very often get asked.//  get sth caught/stuck etc //  --She got her foot caught in the wire.//\n  20 MAKE SOMETHING HAPPEN TO SOMEBODY/SOMETHING:   [T] //  a) to accidentally make someone or something experience something//  --You’re going to get us all killed!//  --Mind you don’t get yourself burned.//  b) to do something, or arrange for it to be done//  --I need to get the washing machine fixed.//  --We must get this work finished on time.//\n  21 MAKE SOMETHING DO SOMETHING:   [T not in passive] to make something do a particular thing//  get sth to do sth//  --I couldn’t get the engine to start.//  get sth doing sth//  --We got the lawn mower working again eventually.//\n  22 MAKE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING:   [T not in passive] to persuade or force someone to do something//  get sb to do sth//  --I’ll get Terry to check the wiring for me.//  --We couldn’t get him to sign the agreement.//  get sb doing sth//  --In the end, we got the children clearing the playground.//\n  23 UNDERSTAND:   [T not in passive or progressive]  informal to understand something//  --I don’t think she got the joke.//  --I don’t get it - it doesn’t make sense.//  get what/how/who etc//  --I still don’t get how she knew about the meeting.//\n  24 COOK:   [T not in passive] to prepare food or a meal//  --She’s just getting lunch.//  get sb sth//  --Shall I get you a sandwich?//\n  25 RADIO/TELEVISION:   [T not in passive or progressive] to be able to receive a particular radio signal, television station etc//  --Can you get satellite TV here?//\n  26 ANSWER THE DOOR/TELEPHONE:   [T]  informal to answer the door or telephone//  --Can you get the phone for me?//\n  27 CATCH SOMEBODY:   [T] to catch someone//  --The police got him in the end.//\n  28 HURT/KILL SOMEBODY:   [T]  informal to attack, hurt, or kill someone//  --The other gang members threatened to get him if he went to the police.//  --I’ll get you for this!//\n  29 TRICK SOMEBODY:   [T]  informal to deceive or trick someone//  --I got you that time!//\n  30 ON THE TELEPHONE:   [T] if you get someone on the telephone, they answer the telephone when you have made a call, and so you talk to them//  --I tried phoning him at work, but I just got his secretary.//\n  31  get doing sth:  to begin doing something//  --We got talking about the old days.//  --I think we should get going quite soon.//  --What are we all waiting for? Let’s get moving!//\n  32  get to do sth:   informal to have the opportunity to do something//  --We got to meet all the stars after the show.//  --She gets to travel all over the place with her job.//\n  33  get to like/know/understand sb/sth:  to gradually begin to like, know, or understand someone or something//  --It’ll take a while for you to get to know everyone.//  --After a while, I got to like him.//\n  34  spoken  you get sth:  used to say that something happens or exists//  --I didn’t know you got tigers in Europe.//\n  35  spoken  you’ve got me (there):  used to say you do not know the answer to something//\n  36  spoken  it/what gets me:  used to say that something really annoys you//  --It really gets me the way he leaves wet towels on the bathroom floor.//  --What gets me is their attitude.//\n  37  spoken  get this:   especially AmE used to draw attention to something surprising or interesting that you are about to mention//  --And the whole thing only cost - get this - $12.95.//    have got at have2 //  get about phr v//\n  1 to go or travel to different places:  --She’s eighty now, and doesn’t get about much any more.//  --He’s got an old van which he uses for getting about.//\n  2 if news or information gets about, it is told to a lot of people:  --I don’t really want this to get about.//  get across phr v//  to succeed in communicating an idea or piece of information to someone, or to be communicated successfully//  get sth → across//  --It took him ages to get his point across.//  --We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.//  --The message isn’t getting across.//  get across to//  --It is important that we get this message across to voters.//  get ahead phr v//  to be successful and do better than other people in a job or work//  --She soon found that it wasn’t easy to get ahead in the movie business.//  get along phr v//\n  1 if two or more people get along, they have a friendly relationship:  --We’ve always got along quite well.//  get along with//  --They seem to get along with each other.//\n  2 to deal with a job or situation or to make progress:  --How’s Sam getting along at university?//  get along without//  --Don’t worry, we’ll get along without you.//\n  3  spoken  I must/I’d better be getting along:  used to say that it is time for you to leave, for example because you have something else to do//  get around phr v//\n  1  get around (sth):  to go or travel to different places//  --We had to use public transport to get around.//  --It’s quite easy to get around London.//\n  2 if news or information gets around, it is told to a lot of people:  --News of the accident soon got around.//  --Word got around that the department might be closed.//\n  3  get around sth:  to avoid something that is difficult or causes problems for you//  --I think we should be able to get around most of these problems.//  --She was always very clever at getting around the rules.//  get around to [get around to sth] phr v//  to do something that you have been intending to do for some time//  --I meant to phone her yesterday, but I never got around to it.//  get around to doing sth//  --We finally got around to clearing out the garage.//  get at / [get at sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 CRITICIZE:  to keep criticizing someone in an unkind way//  --Why is he always getting at me?//  --He felt he was being got at by the other students.//\n  2  be getting at sth:  to be trying to say something in a way that is difficult for other people to understand//  --What are you getting at, Helen?//  --Do you see the point I’m getting at?//\n  3 REACH:  to be able to reach something//  --We had to move the washing machine out to get at the wiring behind it.//\n  4 INFORMATION:  to discover information, especially the truth about a situation//  --I was determined to get at the truth.//\n  5 THREATEN:   informal to use threats to influence the decision of people who are involved in a court case//  --Do you think some of the jury have been got at?//  get away phr v//\n  1 LEAVE:  to leave a place, especially when this is not easy//  --The meeting dragged on, and I didn’t get away until seven.//  get away from//  --I like to get away from London at the weekend.//\n  2 ON HOLIDAY:   informal to take a holiday away from the place you normally live//  --Will you manage to get away this summer?//  get away to//  --We’re hoping to get away to Scotland for a few days.//\n  3 ESCAPE:  to escape from someone who is chasing you or trying to catch you//  --The three men got away in a stolen car.//  get away from//  --We knew it wouldn’t be easy to get away from the police.//  get away with//  --The thieves got away with jewellery worth over [hA124]50,000.//\n  4  get away!:   BrE  spoken used to say you are very surprised by something or do not believe it//\n  5  the one that got away:  something good that you nearly had or that nearly happened//  get away from / [get away from sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to avoid something that is difficult or unpleasant for you, or something that limits what you can do in some way:  --I needed to get away from the pressures of work for a while.//  --She wanted to get away from the traditional ideas of what theatre is about.//  -- There is no getting away from this fact (=you cannot avoid or deny this fact) .//\n  2 to begin to talk about other things rather than the subject you are supposed to be discussing:  --I think we’re getting away from the main issue.//\n  3  get away from it all:  to have a relaxing holiday//  --You need to get away from it all for a couple of weeks.//  get away with [get away with sth] phr v//\n  1 to not be caught or punished when you have done something wrong:  --Watch Frank - he’ll cheat if he thinks he can get away with it.//  --No one insults my family and gets away with it!//\n  2  get away with murder:   informal to not be punished for doing something wrong//  --Some of those children get away with murder!//\n  3 to receive only a small punishment for something:  --The charge was reduced to manslaughter, and she got away with three years in prison.//\n  4 to do something without experiencing any problems or difficulties, even though it is not the best thing to do:  --At school he had always got away with doing the bare minimum amount of work.//  --The colour’s not quite right, but I think you’ll get away with it.//  get back phr v//\n  1 RETURN:  to return to a place//  --I’ll talk to you when I get back.//  get back to//  --He got back to the office just before lunchtime.//\n  2 DO SOMETHING AGAIN:  to start doing something again or talking about something again//  get back to//  --Let’s get back to the main point of the discussion.//  --Well, I must get back to work.//  get back into//  --Have you ever thought about getting back into teaching?//\n  3 BE IN STATE AGAIN:  to change to a previous state or condition again//  get back to//  --Life was beginning to get back to normal .//  --I couldn’t get back to sleep .//  get back together//  --Do you think they’ll get back together (=start having a relationship again) ?//\n  4 GET SOMETHING AGAIN:   get sth → back//  to get something again after you have lost it or someone else has taken it//  --Did you get your books back?//\n  5 PUNISH SOMEBODY:   get sb back//   informal to do something to hurt or harm someone who has hurt or harmed you//  get somebody back for//  --I’ll get you back for this!//  get back at [get back at sb] phr v//  to do something to hurt or harm someone who has hurt or harmed you//  --He’ll probably go out with her just to get back at me.//  get back to [get back to sb] phr v//  to talk to someone or telephone them later in order to answer a question or give them information//  --I’ll find out the prices and get back to you.//  get behind phr v//\n  1 if you get behind with a job, payments, rent etc, you do not do or pay as much of it as you should have by a particular time:  get behind with//  --I don’t want to get behind with my work.//  --You can always catch up later if you get behind.//\n  2  get behind sb:   informal to support someone//  --The crowd really got behind them and cheered them on.//  get by phr v//  to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more//  --I don’t earn a huge salary, but we get by.//  get by on//  --Sometimes they had to get by on very little.//  get down phr v//\n  1 MAKE SOMEBODY SAD:   get sb down//  to make someone feel unhappy and tired//  --His lack of social life was beginning to get him down.//\n  2 WRITE SOMETHING DOWN:   get sth → down//  to write something, especially something that someone is saying//  --He was followed by a group of reporters trying to get down every word he said.//  --It’s important to get things down on paper.//\n  3 EAT/DRINK:   get sth down (sb)//  to eat or drink something, or persuade someone else to eat or drink something//  --I knew I’d feel better once I’d got some food down.//  --Get that tea down you.//  --He still says he’s not hungry, and I can’t get anything down him.//\n  4 AFTER A MEAL:   BrE to leave the table after a meal - used by children or when you are talking to children//  --Please may I get down?//  get down to [get down to sth] phr v//  to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy//  --It’s time we got down to work.//  --We need to get down to some serious talking.//  get down to doing sth//  --I always find it hard to get down to revising.//  get in phr v//\n  1 ENTER:  to enter a place, especially when this is difficult//  --We managed to get in through a window.//  --The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.//\n  2 ARRIVE:  if a train, plane etc gets in at a particular time, it arrives at that time//  --What time does the bus get in?//  get in to//  --We get in to Heathrow at ten o’clock.//\n  3 GET HOME:  to arrive home//  --We didn’t get in until late.//  --What time do the boys get in from school?//\n  4 BE ELECTED:  to be elected to a position of political power//  --The Conservatives have promised to increase spending on health and education if they get in.//\n  5 COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY:  to be allowed to be a student at a university, college etc//  --I applied to Bristol University, but I didn’t get in.//\n  6 BUY A SUPPLY:   get sth → in//  to buy a supply of something//  --I must remember to get some food in for the weekend.//\n  7 CROPS:   get sth → in//  to gather a crop and bring it to a sheltered place//  --The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.//\n  8 ASK FOR WORKER:   get sb → in//  to ask someone to come to your home to do a job, especially to repair something//  --We’ll have to get a plumber in.//\n  9 GIVE SOMETHING TO SOMEBODY:   get sth in//  to send something to a particular place or give it to a particular person//  --Please can you get your essays in by Thursday.//  --It’s best to get your insurance claim in as quickly as possible.//\n  10 DO SOMETHING:   get sth → in//  to manage to do something even though you do not have much time//  --We’re hoping to get in a game of golf over the weekend.//  get in on [get in on sth] phr v//  to become involved in something that other people are doing or planning//  --Quite a few companies would like to get in on the project.//  --The scheme has proved very successful, and now other local authorities are keen to get in on the act  (=become involved in something exciting or interesting) .//  get in with [get in with sb] phr v//  to become friendly with someone//  --He got in with a bad crowd and started getting into trouble.//  get into [get into sth] //\n  1 ENTER:  to enter a place, especially when this is difficult//  --The door was locked and we couldn’t get into the house.//\n  2 ARRIVE:  to arrive at a place//  --What time do we get into New York?//\n  3 BE ELECTED:  to be elected to a parliament//  --He first got into parliament in 1982.//\n  4 COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY:  to be allowed to be a student at a university, college etc//  --She got into Edinburgh University.//\n  5 TEAM:  to be made a member of a team//  --Do you think you might get into the Olympic team this year?//\n  6 START DOING SOMETHING:  to start doing or feeling something, or being in a particular situation//  --He’s started getting into trouble at school.//  --My parents were always terrified of getting into debt.//  --She got into the habit of going for long walks by herself.//  --He got into a terrible temper and started throwing things around.//\n  7 BECOME INVOLVED:  to begin to be involved in doing something//  --How did you first get into script writing?//  --She was starting to get into politics.//\n  8 ENJOY:   informal to begin to enjoy something or be interested in it//  --I first got into jazz when I was at college.//\n  9 CLOTHING:   informal to put on a piece of clothing, especially when this is difficult because the piece of clothing is too small for you//  --I don’t know how she managed to get into those trousers.//\n  10  what’s got into sb?:   spoken used to express surprise that someone is behaving very differently from the way they usually behave//  --I don’t know what’s got into Sally recently.//  get off phr v//\n  1 LEAVE:  to leave a place, or to help someone to leave a place//  --We’ll try and get off straight after lunch.//  get off sth//  --Get off my land!//  get sb off//  --I’ll phone you as soon as I’ve got the children off to school.//\n  2 FINISH WORK:   get off (sth)//  to finish work and leave the place where you work at the end of the day//  --I usually get off at six o’clock.//  --What time do you get off work ?//\n  3 SEND SOMETHING:   get sth off//  to send a letter or package by post//  --I’ll have to get this letter off by tonight.//  get something off to//  --I’ll get the forms off to you today.//\n  4 CLOTHING:   get sth off//  to remove a piece of clothing//  --Why don’t you get those wet clothes off?//\n  5 NOT BE PUNISHED:  if someone gets off, they are not punished for doing something wrong, or they receive only a small punishment//  --In the end he got off because there wasn’t enough evidence against him.//  --The police felt he had got off very lightly.//  get off with//  --If you’re lucky, you’ll get off with a fine.//\n  6 HELP SOMEBODY NOT BE PUNISHED:   get sb off//  to help someone avoid being punished for a crime//  --Her lawyers were confident that they could get her off.//\n  7 SLEEP:   get (sb) off//  to go to sleep, or to help a child go to sleep//  --I went to bed but couldn’t get off to sleep .//  --It took us ages to get the baby off.//\n  8  get off to a good/bad etc start:  to start in a particular way//  --The day had got off to a bad start.//\n  9 STOP TALKING ABOUT SOMETHING:   get off sth//  to stop talking about a subject//  --Can we get off the subject of death, please?//\n  10 STOP TOUCHING SOMETHING:   get off (sth/sb)//   informal used to tell someone to stop touching something or someone//  --Get off me!//  --Get off those cakes, or there’ll be trouble.//  --Get off (=stop touching me) !//\n  11  tell sb where to get off:   informal to tell someone that they are asking you for too much or are behaving in a way you will not accept//  --He wanted [hA124]50, but I told him where to get off.//\n  12  get off your butt/ass:   AmE  spoken  not polite used to tell someone that they should stop being lazy and start doing something useful//  get off on [get off on sth] phr v//  to become excited by something, especially sexually excited//  get off with [get off with sb] phr v//  to start a sexual relationship with someone//  --She spent the whole evening trying to get off with Phil.//  get on phr v//\n  1 LIKE SOMEBODY:   especially BrE if people get on, they like each other and have a friendly relationship with each other//  get on with//  --I’ve always got on well with Henry.//  --The two boys get on well most of the time.//\n  2 PROGRESS:  to deal with a job or situation or to make progress//  --How is George getting on at school?//  get on with//  --How are you getting on with your essay?//  get on without//  --I don’t know how we’ll get on without Michael.//\n  3 CONTINUE DOING SOMETHING:  to continue doing something//  get on with//  --Be quiet and get on with your work!//\n  4 BE SUCCESSFUL:  to be successful in your job//  --You’ll have to work hard if you want to get on.//\n  5 CLOTHING:   get sth on//  to put a piece of clothing on//  --I can’t get my boots on!//\n  6  be getting on:  a) if time is getting on, it is quite late//  --Come on, it’s getting on and we ought to go home.//  --I realized that time was getting on and we would have to hurry.//  b)  informal if someone is getting on, they are quite old//\n  7  getting on for 90/10 o’clock/2000 etc:  almost a particular age, time, number etc//  --Mrs McIntyre must be getting on for 90 by now.//  --The total cost was getting on for $100,000.//\n  8  get it on:   AmE  informal to have sex//\n  9  get on with it!:   spoken used to tell someone to hurry//  --Will you lot stop messing around and get on with it!//\n  10  let sb get on with it:   informal to let someone do something on their own, and not help them or tell them what to do//  --She wanted to decorate her room, so I just let her get on with it.//  get onto / [get onto sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 SPEAK/WRITE TO SOMEBODY:   informal to speak or write to someone//  --I’ll get onto my lawyer about this.//\n  2 LEARN ABOUT SOMEBODY:   informal to find out about someone who has been doing something wrong//  --How did the police get onto him?//\n  3 BE ELECTED:  to be elected as a member of a committee, a political organization etc//  --She was quite keen to get onto the management committee.//\n  4 TALK ABOUT SOMETHING:  to begin to talk about a subject after you have been discussing something else//  --After a few minutes they got onto the subject of the election.//\n  5 DO SOMETHING:   informal to start dealing with something//  --Right, I’ll get onto it straight away.//  get out phr v//\n  1 LEAVE:  to leave a room or building//  --You ought to get out into the fresh air.//  --Mary screamed at me to get out.//  get out of//  --Get out of the kitchen!//\n  2 ESCAPE:  to escape from a place//  --Some of the animals had got out.//  get out of//  --He was determined to get out of prison.//\n  3 HELP SOMEBODY ESCAPE:   get sb out//  to help someone leave a place or escape from a place//  --It’s important to get these people out as soon as possible.//  get somebody out of//  --We knew it was going to be difficult to get him out of the country.//\n  4 TAKE SOMETHING FROM A PLACE:   get sth → out//  to take something from the place where it is kept//  --She got out her violin and started to play.//\n  5 INFORMATION:  if information gets out, a lot of people then know it although it is meant to be secret//  --We have to make absolutely certain that none of this gets out.//  --It’s bound to get out that he’s retiring soon.//\n  6 PRODUCE SOMETHING:   get sth → out//  to produce a book or other product that can be sold to people//  --We’re hoping to get the new catalogue out next week.//\n  7 SAY SOMETHING:   get sth → out//  to succeed in saying something, especially when this is very difficult//  --I wanted to tell him I loved him, but couldn’t get the words out.//  get out of [get out of sth] phr v//\n  1 AVOID DOING SOMETHING:  to avoid doing something you have promised to do or are supposed to do//  --See if you can get out of that meeting tomorrow.//  get out of doing sth//  --He’s trying to get out of tidying his room.//\n  2 STOP DOING SOMETHING:  to stop doing something or being involved in something//  --I wanted to get out of teaching.//\n  3 MAKE SOMEBODY GIVE/TELL YOU SOMETHING:   get sth out of sb//  to force or persuade someone to tell you something or give you something//  --I was determined to get the truth out of her.//\n  4 ENJOY SOMETHING:   get sth out of sth//  to enjoy something you do or experience, or to learn something as a result//  --I hope he got something out of his visit.//  get sth out of doing sth//  --Children can get a lot out of being involved in community projects.//  get over //\n  1 ILLNESS:   get over sth//  to become well again after an illness//  --It’s taken me ages to get over the flu.//\n  2 UNPLEASANT EXPERIENCE:   get over sth//  to begin to feel better after a very upsetting experience//  --She never got over the death of her son.//\n  3 IDEAS/INFORMATION:   get sth → over//  to succeed in communicating ideas or information to other people//  get something → over to//  --It’s important that we get this message over to young people.//\n  4 FINISH SOMETHING:   get sth over//   also get sth over with //  to do and finish something difficult that you have to do//  --I’ll be in touch once I’ve got my exams over.//  --I can’t wait to get the interview over with.//\n  5 PROBLEM/DIFFICULTY:   get over sth//  to successfully deal with a problem or difficulty//  --I don’t know how we’re going to get over this problem.//  --Once we’ve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.//\n  6  can’t/couldn’t get over sth:   spoken used to say that you are very surprised, shocked, or amused by something//  --I can’t get over how well you look.//  get round phr v//\n  1 if news or information gets round, it is told to a lot of people:  --News like this soon gets round.//\n  2  get round sth:  to avoid something that is difficult or causes problems for you//  --There must be a way of getting round this problem.//  --Most companies manage to get round the restrictions.//\n  3  get round sb:  to gently persuade someone to do what you want by being nice to them//  --I know how to get round Chris.//  get round to [get round to sth] phr v//  to do something that you have been intending to do for some time//  --I keep meaning to put a lock on it, but I never get round to it.//  get round to doing sth//  --I haven’t got round to unpacking from my holiday yet.//  get through phr v//\n  1 DO WORK:   get through sth//  to do an amount of work//  --We got through half the application forms this morning.//  --We’ve got a lot of work to get through.//\n  2 USE SOMETHING:   get through sth//   informal to use a lot of something//  --You wouldn’t believe the amount of food children can get through in a week!//\n  3 SPEND MONEY:   get through sth//   informal to spend a lot of money//  --He can get through [hA124]100 in one evening.//\n  4 DIFFICULT TIME:   get (sb) through sth//  to come successfully to the end of an unpleasant experience or period of time, or to help someone do this//  --I don’t know how we’re going to get through the winter.//  --It was their love that got me through those first difficult months.//\n  5 TEST/COMPETITION:   get (sb/sth) through (sth)//  to be successful in a test or competition, or to make sure that someone or something is successful//  --I finally managed to get through my driving test.//  --I knew it was going to be difficult to get the car through its MOT test.//  get (somebody/something) through (something) to//  --Liverpool have got through to the final of the FA Cup.//\n  6 REACH A PERSON/PLACE:  to reach a place or person that is difficult to reach//  get through to//  --Aid agencies have been unable to get through to the thousands of refugees stranded on the border.//\n  7 BY TELEPHONE:  to succeed in speaking to someone on the telephone//  --I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t get through.//  get through to//  --At last I managed to get through to one of the managers.//\n  8 NEW LAW:   get (sth) through (sth)//  if a new law gets through parliament, or if someone gets it through, it is officially approved//  --Anti-hunting legislation will never get through the House of Lords.//  --Once again we failed to get the Bill through Parliament.//  get () through to [get (sth) through to sb] phr v//  to succeed in making someone understand something, especially when this is difficult//  --I couldn’t seem to get through to her.//  --How can I get it through to him that this is really important?//  get to / [get to sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to make someone feel annoyed or upset:  --I’m under a lot of pressure at work, and sometimes it gets to me a bit.//  --Don’t let things get to you.//\n  2  get to thinking/wondering sth:   informal to start thinking something//  --He got to thinking how disappointed his parents would be.//  get together phr v//\n  1 if people get together, they meet in order to spend time with each other:  --We must get together some time for a drink.//\n  2 if two people get together, they start a romantic or sexual relationship:\n  3  get sth → together:  to collect things together//  --I need to get some paperwork together for the meeting.//\n  4  get sb → together:  to bring people together to make a group//  --He got together a group of local businessmen to discuss the problem.//\n  5  get sth → together:  to succeed in getting enough money to do or buy something//  --We’re trying to get together enough money to buy a flat.//\n  6  get sth together:   informal to change your life so that it is organized and you are in control of it//  --He’s just trying to get his life together at the moment.//  get yourself together//  --I’m staying with my parents for a while, until I’ve got myself together a bit.//\n  7  get it together:   spoken to be organized and successful in your life, job etc//  --The government can’t seem to get it together on the environment.//  get up phr v//\n  1  get (sb) up:  to get out of your bed after sleeping, or to make someone get out of their bed//  --We didn’t get up until lunch time.//  --Get me up at seven, would you?//\n  2 to stand up:  --He got up and walked over to the window.//\n  3 if a wind or storm gets up, it starts and gets stronger:\n  4  be got up as/in sth:   BrE  informal to be dressed in particular clothes//  --He arrived at the party got up as Count Dracula.//  --The men were all got up in suits.//\n  5  get it up:   informal to get an erection(1)//  get up to [get up to sth] phr v//  to do something, especially something slightly bad//  --Go upstairs and see what the kids are getting up to.//  --What did you get up to at the weekend?//


Words: get-go
Meaning:
n   from the get-go//   AmE  informal from the beginning//  --From the get-go, I knew these tapes were special.//


Words: get-up-and-go
Meaning:
n [U]  informal   energy and determination to do things//  --He was the only candidate who had any get-up-and-go.//


Words: getaway
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 an escape from a place or unpleasant situation, especially after committing a crime:  --The gunmen made a getaway on foot.//  getaway car/vehicle/van (=a car etc used by criminals to escape after a crime) //\n  2  especially AmE a short holiday away from home, or a place where people go for a short holiday:  --Big Bear Lake is a popular weekend getaway .//


Words: Gethsemane
Meaning:
a garden where Jesus went with his followers, and where he was  betrayed by one of them,  Judas, and taken prisoner by the Romans//


Words: Getty
Meaning:
J. Paul   (1892-1976) a US businessman who owned an oil company and became one of the richest men in the world. He built the Getty Museumin Malibu, California, which has a large collection of valuable paintings and other types of art, and a second Getty Museum has also been built in Los Angeles.//


Words: Gettysbug
Meaning:
also Battle of Gettysburg //  a place in Pennsylvania where a very important battle in the American Civil War took place in July, 1863. Many men were killed on both sides, but the battle led the way to the Union winning the war.//


Words: Gettysburg Address
Meaning:
the   a famous speech made by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 in the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He expressed his grief for the soldiers killed in the American Civil War, and talked about the principles that they died for, in words that are often remembered by Americans:  Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal ... We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.//


Words: getup
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   a set of clothes, especially strange or unusual clothes//  --I hardly recognized him in that getup!//


Words: geyser
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Icelandic; Origin: Geysir, name of a hot spring in Iceland, from  geysa  ’to flow out quickly’]//\n  1 a natural spring that sends hot water and steam suddenly into the air from a hole in the ground:\n  2  BrE a machine fixed to a wall over a bath or sink and used for heating water:


Words: Ghana
Meaning:
a country in West Africa between C[hA175]te d’Ivoire and Togo. Population: 19,894,000 (2001). Capital: Accra. In 1957, Ghana, which was then called the Gold Coast, was the first African state to become independent from British rule.//  -- Ghanaian n  adj //


Words: ghastly
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: gast  ’to frighten’ (11-17 centuries)]//\n  1 very bad or unpleasant:   horrible//  --a ghastly little hotel//  --The whole thing was a ghastly mistake.//  --The weather was ghastly.//\n  2 making you very frightened, upset, or shocked:  --a ghastly accident//\n  3  look/feel ghastly:  to look or feel ill, upset, or unhappy//  --Are you all right? You look ghastly!//  -- ghastliness n  [U] //


Words: Ghats
Meaning:
two lines of mountains in South India. The Western Ghats run along the coast of the Arabian Sea, and the Eastern Ghats run along the Bay of Bengal//


Words: gherkin
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Dutch; Origin: gurken  ’cucumbers’, from  Polish ogurek, from  Medieval Greek agouros  ’watermelon’]//  a small type of cucumber that has been preserved in vinegar to make a type of pickle//


Words: ghetto
Meaning:
n   plural  ghettos  or  ghettoes  [C] //  [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: , perhaps from  getto  ’place where metals are melted and made into things’; because a 16th-century ghetto in Venice was where such a place had once existed]//\n  1 a part of a city where people of a particular race or class, especially people who are poor, live separately from the rest of the people in the city. This word is sometimes considered offensive:    slum//  --unemployment in the ghetto//\n  2 a part of a city where Jews were forced to live in the past:  --the Warsaw ghetto//


Words: ghetto blaster
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   a large radio and tape recorder that can be carried around, and is often played very loudly in public places. This word is sometimes considered offensive in American English//  American Equivalent:  boom box//


Words: ghettoize
Meaning:
also  ghettoise BrE   v [T] \n  1 to force people to live in a ghetto:\n  2 to make part of a town become a ghetto:


Words: ghost
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 spirit:\n   2 memory/effect:\n   3 the ghost of a smile/sound etc:\n   4 television/computer:\n   5 give up the ghost:\n   6 (not) a ghost of a chance:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gast]//\n  1 SPIRIT:  the spirit of a dead person that some people think they can feel or see in a place//  ghost of//  --the ghost of Old Tom Morris//  --They say the young girl’s ghost still haunts  (=often appears in) the house.//  --He looked as if he’d seen a ghost  (=he looked very frightened) .//    Holy Ghost//\n  2 MEMORY/EFFECT:  the memory or effect of someone or something bad that lived, existed, or happened in the past//  ghost of//  --The ghost of Stalinism still affects life in Russia today.//\n  3  the ghost of a smile/sound etc:  a smile etc that is so slight you are not sure it happened//  --The ghost of a smile flitted across her sad features.//\n  4 TELEVISION/COMPUTER:  a second image that is not clear on a television or computer screen//\n  5  give up the ghost:  a) if a machine gives up the ghost, it does not work any more and cannot be repaired - used humorously//  --Unfortunately, my car’s just given up the ghost.//  b) to die//\n  6  (not) a ghost of a chance:  not even a slight chance of doing something, or of something happening//  --They don’t stand a ghost of a chance of winning.//\nghost 2 v [T]   to write something as a ghost writer//


Words: ghost town
Meaning:
n [C]   a town that used to have a lot of people living and working in it, but now has very few or none//


Words: ghost train
Meaning:
n [C]   a small train ride at a funfair, that is designed to frighten you by taking you through a dark place full of skeletons and things that jump out at you//


Words: ghost writer
Meaning:
n [C]   someone who is paid to write a book or story for another person, who then says it is their own work//  -- ghost-write v  [T] //


Words: ghostly
Meaning:
adj   slightly frightening and seeming to be related to ghosts or spirits//  --a ghostly figure in a white dress//


Words: ghoul
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Arabic; Origin: ghul, from  ghala  ’to seize’]//\n  1 an evil spirit in stories that takes bodies from  graves (=place in the ground where dead people are buried)  and eats them:\n  2 someone who gets pleasure from unpleasant things such as accidents that shock other people:  -- ghoulish adj //


Words: GI Joe
Meaning:
1  AmE  informal a male US soldier, especially during World War II:\n  2  trademark a type of  doll (=a child’s toy like a small person)  dressed as a male US soldier. A similar doll in the UK is called  Action Man.:


Words: Giacometti
Meaning:
(1901-66) a Swiss  sculptor whose most famous works include ’The Couple’ (1926) and ’The Forest’ (1950)//


Words: giant
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   extremely big, and much bigger than other things of the same type//  --a giant electronics company//  --a giant tortoise//\ngiant 2 n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: geant, from  Greek gigas]//\n  1 an extremely tall strong man, who is often bad and cruel, in children’s stories:\n  2 a very large successful company:  --the German chemicals giant, BASF//\n  3 a very big man, animal, or plant:\n  4 someone who is very good at doing something:  giant of//  --Miles Davis, truly one of the giants of jazz//


Words: Giant’s Causeway
Meaning:
the Giant’s Causeway//  a group of unusually shaped rocks on the coast of Northern Ireland, which were formed by a flow of  lava into the sea//


Words: gibber
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin:  From the sound]//  to speak quickly in a way that is difficult to understand, especially because you are very frightened or shocked//    jabber//  gibber with//  --’It was her,’ said Ruth, gibbering with fear.//  -- gibbering adj  BrE //  -- a gibbering wreck  (=someone who is very shocked or frightened) //


Words: gibberish
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  gibber]//  something you write or say that has no meaning, or is very difficult to understand//   nonsense//  --You’re talking gibberish !//


Words: gibbet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: gibet, from  gibe  ’pole’]//  a wooden frame on which criminals were hanged in the past with a rope around their neck//   gallows//


Words: gibbon
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French]//  a small animal like a monkey, with long arms and no tail, that lives in trees in Asia//


Words: gibe
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French giber  ’to handle roughly’]//  another spelling of jibe//


Words: giblets
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: gibelet  ’dish made from the organs of hunted animals’]//  organs such as the heart and liver, that you remove from a chicken or other bird before you cook it//


Words: Gibraltar
Meaning:
a town and port on the  Rock of Gibraltar on the southern coast of Spain. It has belonged to the UK since 1713, but the Spanish government would like it to belong to Spain.//  -- Gibraltarian n  adj //


Words: giddy
Meaning:
adj   [Language: Old English; Origin: gydig  ’mentally ill’]//\n  1 feeling slightly sick and unable to balance, because everything seems to be moving:   dizzy//  --Greg stared down from the seventh floor and began to feel giddy .//\n  2 feeling silly, happy, and excited, or showing this feeling:  giddy with//  --Sheila felt giddy with excitement.//\n  3  giddy heights:  a situation in which you have a lot of success//  --Although she had been quite a successful model, she had never reached the giddy heights of the Paris fashion world.//\n  4  old-fashioned silly and not interested in serious things:  --Fiona’s very pretty but a bit giddy.//  -- giddily adv //  -- giddiness n  [U] //


Words: Gideon Bible
Meaning:
a Bible that is put in a hotel room or similar place by a member of a Christian organization called the Gideons, who encourage people to read the Bible by giving them a copy of it//


Words: GIF
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   graphics interchange format a type of computer file that contains images and is used on the Internet//


Words: gift
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse]//\n  1 something that you give someone, for example to thank them or because you like them, especially on a special occasion:   present//  --The earrings were a gift from my aunt. //  gift of//  --a generous gift of [hA124]50//  -- The clock was  given  as a retirement  gift  when he left the police. //  -- expensive  wedding gifts //  -- Enjoy a  free gift  with any purchase of $20 or more. //  --This excellent cookbook would make an ideal gift for anyone just going away to college.//\n  2 :  a) a natural ability//   talent//  gift for//  --a gift for languages//  --He was a kind man, with a gift for forming lasting friendships.//  gift of//  --She has the rare gift of being able to laugh at herself.//  b) an ability that is given to you by God//  gift of//  --He was said to have possessed the gift of prophecy.//  --the use of spiritual gifts //    gifted//\n  3  a gift:   BrE  informal something that is easier or cheaper than you expected//  --The third goal was an absolute gift.//\n  4  gift (from God):  something good you receive or something good that happens to you, even though you might not deserve it//  --This opportunity was a gift from God.//\n  5  the gift of the gab:   BrE the gift of gab  AmE  informal an ability to speak confidently and to persuade people to do what you want//  --Jo has always had the gift of the gab .//\n  6  be in sb’s gift:   BrE  formal if something is in your gift, you have the power to decide who it should be given to//  --All appointments to military and administrative posts were in the gift of the king.//\n  7  never/don’t look a gift horse in the mouth:   spoken used to tell someone to be grateful for something that has been given to them, instead of asking questions about it or finding something wrong with it//    God’s gift to sb/sth at god(3)//  ----------//  COLLOCATES for sense 1 //  give somebody a gift //  receive a gift //  make somebody a gift of something  formal (=give someone something as a gift) //  birthday/wedding/Christmas etc gift //  free gift (=something that a shop or business gives you) //  make a good/ideal gift (=be a good gift) //  gift ideas (=ideas of things you could give someone) //  ----------//


Words: gift certificate
Meaning:
n [C]  AmE   a special piece of paper that is worth a particular amount of money when it is exchanged for goods in a shop, often given as a present//  British Equivalent:  gift token//


Words: gift token
Meaning:
also gift voucher  n [C]  BrE   a special piece of paper that is worth a particular amount of money when it is exchanged for goods in a shop, often given as a present//  American Equivalent:  gift certificate//


Words: gift-wrap
Meaning:
also  gift wrap  past tense and past participle  gift-wrapped present participle  gift-wrapping  v [T] //  to wrap a present with gift wrap, especially in a shop//  --Would you like that gift-wrapped, sir?//


Words: gifted
Meaning:
adj   having a natural ability to do one or more things extremely well//    talented//  gifted musician/artist/teacher etc //  --She was an extremely gifted poet.//  academically/musically/athletically etc gifted //  --his musically gifted son//  gifted child (=one who is extremely intelligent) //  gifted with//  --Gifted with a superb voice, she became the Opera’s leading soprano.//


Words: gig
Meaning:
n [C]   [Sense: 1-2; Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Origin unknown.]//  [Sense: 3; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gigabyte]//\n  1 a performance by a musician or a group of musicians playing modern popular music or jazz, or a performance by a comedian:  do/play/have a gig //  --The band are doing a gig in Sheffield on Nov 12.//\n  2  AmE  informal a job, especially one that does not last for a long time:\n  3  informal a gigabyte:\ngig 2   past tense and past participle  gigged present participle  gigging  v [I] //  to give a performance of modern popular music or jazz//


Words: gigabyte
Meaning:
n [C]  written abbreviation GB  or Gb   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: gigas (  GIGANTIC) +  English byte]//  a unit for measuring computer information, equal to 1,024 megabytes, and used less exactly to mean a billion bytes.//


Words: gigantic
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Greek; Origin: gigas  ’extremely large person’]//  extremely big//   huge//  --a gigantic skyscraper//  -- gigantically/-kli/ adv //


Words: giggle
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  giggled present participle  giggling  [I] //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  From the sound]//  to laugh quickly, quietly, and in a high voice, because something is funny or because you are nervous or embarrassed//  --If you can’t stop giggling you’ll have to leave the room.//\ngiggle 2 n \n  1 [C] a quick, quiet, high-sounding laugh:  --’Catch me if you can,’ she said with a giggle.//  --Vicky suppressed a nervous giggle .//  --He looked so ridiculous I got the giggles  (=started to giggle) .//  --Soon the whole group had the giggles .//  --Margaret was seized by a fit of the giggles  (=she could not stop giggling) .//  give sb the giggles (=make someone start giggling) //\n  2  a giggle:   BrE  informal something that you think is fun to do that will not hurt anyone or anything//  --Go on, it’ll be a giggle!//


Words: gigolo
Meaning:
n   plural  gigolos  [C] //  [Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: gigolette  ’girl who goes to dances, prostitute’, from  gigue  ’dance’]//  a man who is paid by a rich woman, especially an older woman, to have sex with her//


Words: Gilbert and Sullivan
Meaning:
two British men, W.S. Gilbert (1836-1911) and Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900), who wrote many humorous  operettas (=plays with songs)  from 1871 to 1896. Gilbert wrote the words and Sullivan wrote the music. Their operettas, which include  The Mikado (1885) and  The Pirates of Penzance (1879), made fun of politicians and other well-known people of the time.//


Words: gild
Meaning:
v [T]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gyldan]//\n  1 to cover something with a thin layer of gold or with something that looks like gold:  --a gilded frame//\n  2  literary to make something look as if it is covered in gold:  --The autumn sun gilded the lake.//\n  3  gild the lily:  to spoil something by trying to improve it when it is already good enough//


Words: gill
Meaning:
n [C]   fin, gill//\n  1 one of the organs on the sides of a fish through which it breathes:\n  2  full/packed/stuffed etc to the gills:   informal completely full//  --The bar was packed to the gills on Monday night.//\ngill 2   n [C]   a unit for measuring liquid, equal to [hA13D] pint. In Britain this is 0.14 litres, and in the US it is 0.12 litres.//


Words: Gillespie
Meaning:
Dizzy   (1917-93) a US  jazz musician and  trumpet player who, with Charlie  Parker, developed the  bebop style of jazz//


Words: gilt
Meaning:
n \n  1 [U] a thin shiny material, such as gold or something similar, used to cover objects for decoration:\n  2 [C] a stock or share that is gilt-edged:\ngilt 2 adj [only before noun]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  From the past participle of  gild]//  covered with gilt//  --gilt lettering//


Words: gilt-edged
Meaning:
adj  technical   gilt-edged stocks or shares do not give you much interest (=additional money)  but are considered very safe as they are sold mainly by governments//


Words: gimlet
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: guimbelet, probably from  Middle Dutch  wimmel  ’tool for making holes’]//\n  1 a tool that is used to make small holes in wood so that you can put screws in easily:\n  2  gimlet-eyed/gimlet eyes:  if someone is gimlet-eyed, or has gimlet eyes, they look at things very hard and notice every detail//


Words: gimme
Meaning:
a way of writing the nonstandard spoken short form of ’give me’//  --Gimme the ball!//\ngimme 2 n [C]  AmE  informal   something that is so easy to do or succeed at that you do not even have to try//  --The victory was a gimme for the New York Yankees.//


Words: gimmick
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   a trick or something unusual that you do to make people notice someone or something - used to show disapproval//    stunt//  --advertising gimmicks//  -- gimmicky adj //  -- gimmickry n  [U] //


Words: gin
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: geneva  ’gin’ (18-20 centuries), from  Dutch genever, from  Latin juniperus  ’juniper’, plant used to give gin its taste]//\n  1 [U and C] a strong alcoholic drink made mainly from grain, or a glass of this drink:\n  2 [U]  gin rummy:    cotton gin,  pink gin//


Words: gin and tonic
Meaning:
n [U and C]   an alcoholic drink made with gin and tonic (=a special type of bitter-tasting water) , served with ice and a thin piece of lemon or lime//


Words: ginger
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1000-1100; Language: Old French; Origin: gimgibre,  gingimbre, from  Latin zingiber, from  Greek zingiberis]//\n  1 a root with a very strong hot taste, or the powder made from this root, that is used in cooking:\n  2 the plant that this root comes from:\n  3 a bright orange-brown colour:\nginger 2 adj \n  1  BrE hair or fur that is ginger is bright orange-brown in colour:  --a ginger cat//\n  2 [only before noun] flavoured with ginger:\nginger 3 v  BrE   ginger up [ginger sth → up] phr v//  to make something more exciting//


Words: ginger group
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE   a group of people within a political party or organization that tries to persuade the other members to support their ideas//    lobby//


Words: Ginger Man
Meaning:
The   a novel by Irish writer J. P. Donleavy which is both funny and sad. The main character, Sebastian Dangerfield, who is a law student in  Dublin, lives in a fantasy world to escape his loneliness and an unhappy marriage.//


Words: Gingerbread
Meaning:
a British organization which provides support and practical help for single parents and their children//


Words: gingerbread
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: gingebras  ’preserved ginger’ (13-14 centuries), from  Old French gingembraz, from  gimgibre (  GINGER); influenced by  bread]//\n  1 a heavy sweet cake or a biscuit with ginger in it:  gingerbread man (=a piece of gingerbread in the shape of a man) //\n  2  AmE complicated decorations on the outside of a house, especially near the roof:


Words: gingerly
Meaning:
adv, adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from  Old French gensor  ’more small and graceful’, from  gent  ’born into high rank, small and graceful’]//  if you move gingerly, or touch something gingerly, you do it in a slow careful way, because you are afraid it will be dangerous or painful//   carefully//  --He gingerly felt his way along the dark tunnel.//


Words: gingery
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun]   gingery hair or fur is bright orange-brown in colour//  --his gingery beard//


Words: gingham
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Malay; Origin: genggang]//  cotton cloth that has a pattern of small white and coloured squares on it//  --a red and white gingham tablecloth//


Words: gingivitis
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Latin gingiva  ’gum’]//  a medical condition in which your gums are red, swollen, and painful//


Words: ginormous
Meaning:
adj  BrE  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: gigantic + %enormous%]//  extremely large//   huge//  -- ginormously adv //


Words: ginseng
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Chinese; Origin: renshen]//  medicine made from the root of a Chinese plant, that some people think keeps you young and healthy//


Words: Giotto
Meaning:
(1266-1337) an Italian painter and  architect (=someone who designs buildings)  who was one of the most important painters of his time, and painted mostly religious subjects//


Words: giraffe
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Italian; Origin: giraffa, from  Arabic zirafah]//  a tall African animal with a very long neck and legs and dark spots on its yellow-brown fur//


Words: gird
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  girded  or  girt /g[hA362][hA359]t $ g[hA362][hA359]rt///  [Language: Old English; Origin: gyrdan]//\n  1  gird (up) your loins:  to get ready to do something difficult - used humorously//\n  2 [I and T] if you gird for something, or gird yourself for something, especially something difficult, you prepare for it:  gird (yourself) for sth//  --By midsummer both police and protesters were girding for confrontation.//


Words: girder
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: gird]//  a strong beam, made of iron or steel, that supports a floor, roof, or bridge//


Words: girdle
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gyrdel]//  a piece of women’s underwear which fits tightly around her stomach, bottom, and hips and makes her look thinner//\ngirdle 2 v [T]  literary   to surround something//  --the formal garden that girdled the house//


Words: girl
Meaning:
n [C]   ----------//\n   1 child:\n   2 daughter:\n   3 woman:\n   4 the girls:\n   5 animal:\n   6 girl:\n   7 (you) go, girl!:\n   8 girlfriend:\n   9 my girl:\n  10 factory girl/shop girl/office girl:\n  11 servant:  ----------//  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: gurle,  girle  ’child, young person’ (13-15 centuries), of unknown origin]//\n  1 CHILD:  a female child//    boy//  --Both boys and girls can apply to join the choir.//  little/small/young girl //  --I’ve known Mollie ever since I was a little girl.//  five-year-old girl/girl of ten etc //  --The patient was a girl of twelve.//  --Girls! Please be quiet.//  --a teenage girl//\n  2 DAUGHTER:  a daughter//    boy//  --They have two girls and a boy.//  sb’s little girl//  --How old’s your little girl (=somebody’s young daughter) now?//  --Time for bed, girls!//\n  3 WOMAN:  a word meaning a woman, especially a young woman, which is considered offensive by some women//  --I’ll invite some of the girls from the office.//  --Steve’s married to a lovely Dutch girl.//\n  4  the girls:   informal a group of women who are friends and often go out together//  --I’m going out with the girls tonight.//\n  5 ANIMAL:  used when speaking to a female animal, especially a dog, cat, or horse//    boy//  --Bring me the stick. Good girl!//\n  6  girl:   AmE  spoken  informal used by a woman when she is speaking to another woman she knows well//  --Hey, girl. What’s up?//\n  7  (you) go, girl!:   AmE  spoken  informal used to encourage a girl or woman, or to say that you agree with what she is saying//\n  8 GIRLFRIEND:   old-fashioned a word for a woman who you are having a romantic relationship with//   girlfriend//\n  9  my girl:   old-fashioned used by an older person when speaking to a girl or woman who is younger than they are, or when they are annoyed//  --Just listen to me, my girl!//\n  10  factory girl/shop girl/office girl:   old-fashioned a young woman who works in a factory, shop, office etc//\n  11 SERVANT:   old-fashioned a woman servant//    old girl//


Words: girl Friday
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  old-fashioned   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Based on  Man Friday, a character in the book Robinson Crusoe (1719) who does jobs for the main character, Robinson Crusoe]//  a girl or woman worker who does several different jobs in an office//


Words: girl power
Meaning:
n [U]  informal \n  1 the idea that women should take control over their own lives or situations:\n  2 the social or political influence that women have:


Words: girlfriend
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a girl or woman that you are having a romantic relationship with:    boyfriend//  --He’s never had a girlfriend .//  sb’s girlfriend//  --He lives in Chicago with his girlfriend.//  split up/break up with your girlfriend (=stop having a romantic relationship) //  --one of my ex-girlfriends  (=former girlfriends) //  --I didn’t have a steady girlfriend  (=one you have a long relationship with) .//\n  2  especially  AmE a woman or girl’s female friend:  --She’s out with one of her girlfriends.//


Words: girlhood
Meaning:
n [U]   the period of her life when a woman is a girl//    boyhood//\ngirlie 1  girly/g[hA362][hA359]li $ g[hA362][hA359]rli/ adj  informal \n  1  girlie magazine/calendar etc:  a magazine etc with pictures of women with no clothes on//\n  2  BrE a girl or woman who is girlie behaves in a silly way, for example by pretending to be shy or always thinking about how she looks:\n  3  BrE  spoken suitable only for girls rather than men or boys:  --Pink’s a girlie colour!//\ngirlie 2 n [C]  old-fashioned  not polite   an offensive word used by men when talking to a woman who they think is less sensible or intelligent than a man//


Words: girlish
Meaning:
adj   behaving like a girl, looking like a girl, or suitable for a girl//    boyish//  --a peal of girlish laughter//  -- girlishly adv //


Words: giro
Meaning:
n   plural  giros  BrE //  [Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: Italian,  ’circulation of money’]//\n  1 [C] a cheque paid by the government to someone who is unemployed:\n  2 [U] a system of banking in Britain in which a central computer can send money from one bank account to another electronically:


Words: girth
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: gj[hA177]rth]//\n  1 the size of something or someone large when you measure around them rather than measuring their height:  --the enormous girth of the tree//  --He was a tall man, of considerable girth (=he was fat) .//\n  2 a band of leather which is passed tightly around the middle of a horse to keep a saddle or load firmly in position:


Words: gist
Meaning:
n   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: ’it lies, it can be presented in a court of law’, from  Old French gesir  ’to lie’]//  the gist//  the main idea and meaning of what someone has said or written//  the gist of//  --The gist of his argument is that full employment is impossible.//  --Don’t worry about all the details as long as you get the gist  (=understand the main meaning) of it.//


Words: git
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE  spoken  not polite   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: get  ’someone born to an unmarried mother’ (16-20 centuries), from  get  ’to beget’]//  an offensive word for an unpleasant and annoying person, especially a man//  --You miserable git!//


Words: give
Meaning:
v   past tense  gave /ge[hA366]v/past participle  given /g[hA366]v[hA368]n///  ----------//\n   1 present or money:\n   2 put something in somebody’s hand:\n   3 let somebody do something:\n   4 tell somebody something:\n   5 make a movement/do an action:\n   6 speech/talk/performance:\n   7 make somebody have a feeling:\n   8 make somebody have problems:\n   9 make somebody ill:\n  10 organize a social event:\n  11 make somebody do something:\n  12 make somebody/something have a quality:\n  13 pay for:\n  14 behave towards:\n  15 punishment:\n  16 give (somebody) an impression/a sense/an idea:\n  17 give something thought/attention/consideration etc:\n  18 give (somebody) a hand:\n  19 give somebody a call/buzz:\n  20 give something a try/shot/whirl:\n  21 give somebody time/a few weeks/all day etc:\n  22 I give it six weeks/a month etc:\n  23 not give something a second thought/another thought:\n  24 be less strict:\n  25 state a decision:\n  26 give a mark/score:\n  27 bend/stretch:\n  28 break/move:\n  29 give me something (any day/time):\n  30 would give anything/a lot/your right arm etc for something:\n  31 not give a damn/shit etc:\n  32 don’t give me that:\n  33 give somebody what for:\n  34 give as good as you get:\n  35 give and take:\n  36 give or take a few minutes/a penny/a mile etc:\n  37 I’ll give you that:\n  38 give somebody to understand/think/believe something:\n  39 give it to somebody straight:\n  40 I give you the chairman/prime minister/groom etc:\n  41 sex:  Phrasal verbs//   give somebody/something away//   give something → back//   give in//   give in to something//   give of something//   give off something//   give onto something//   give out//   give over//   give something over to somebody/something//   give up//   give up on somebody/something//   give yourself up to something//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: giefan]//\n  1 PRESENT OR MONEY:   [I and T] to let someone have something as a present, or to provide something for someone//  give sb sth//  --What did Bob give you for your birthday?//  --Researchers were given a [hA124]10,000 grant to continue their work.//  --I’ve got some old diaries that my grandmother gave me years ago.//  give sth to sb//  --a ring which was given to him by his mother//  --I didn’t steal it! Maria gave it to me!//  --Most people are willing to  give to charity .//  --The situation is now desperate, so  please give generously .//\n  2 PUT SOMETHING IN SOMEBODY’S HAND:   [T] to put something in someone’s hand//  give sb sth//  --Give me the letter, please.//  give sth to sb//  --He poured some wine into a glass and gave it to her.//\n  3 LET SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING:   [T] to allow or make it possible for someone to do something//  give sb sth//  --He finally  gave us  permission  to leave.//  --These meetings  give  everyone  a chance  to express their opinions.//  --Students are given the freedom to choose their own topics.//  --Language gives us the ability to communicate at a much higher level than any other animal.//  --Women were given the vote in the early 1900’s.//  give sb control/authority/responsibility etc //  --She was given absolute control over all recruitment decisions.//  give sth to sb//  --This bill will give more power to local authorities.//\n  4 TELL SOMEBODY SOMETHING:   [T] to tell someone information or details about something, or to tell someone what they should do//  --She gave me some information on university courses.//  --My secretary will be able to give you more details.//  --Let me  give you some  advice .//  give orders/instructions //  --She certainly likes giving orders.//  --They were given strict instructions not to tell anyone.//  --Can you  give  me  directions  to the station? (=tell me how to go there) //  --He  gave the following  example .//  --You may have to  give evidence  in court (=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true) .//  give an account/description //  --He gave a disturbing account of the murder.//\n  5 MAKE A MOVEMENT/DO AN ACTION:   [T] to do something by making a movement with your hand, face, body etc//  give a smile/laugh/grin/frown/yawn etc //  --She gave a little frown.//  --Joel gave me a smile as I walked in.//  --He gave her a big hug.//  give a wave/movement/signal //  --He gave a wave of his hand.//  --Don’t move until I give the signal.//  give sth a shake/rattle/tug etc //  --She picked up the envelope and gave it a shake.//\n  6 SPEECH/TALK/PERFORMANCE:   [T] to make a speech, perform a piece of music etc for a group of people//  give a talk/speech/lecture //  --He’s giving a talk on early Roman pottery.//  give a performance/display //  --They gave one of their best performances to date.//\n  7 MAKE SOMEBODY HAVE A FEELING:   [T] to make someone have a feeling//  give sb sth//  --He  gave us quite  a shock .//  --The course has  given  me a lot more  confidence .//  --His job did not give him much sense of fulfilment.//  give sth to sb//  --Their music has given pleasure to a lot of people over the years.//  give sb a headache/hangover //  --Keep the noise down - you’re giving me a headache!//  --Whiskey always gives me a terrible hangover.//\n  8 MAKE SOMEBODY HAVE PROBLEMS:   [T] to make someone have problems//  give sb problems/trouble/difficulties//  --The new software has given us quite a few problems.//\n  9 MAKE SOMEBODY ILL:   [T] to infect someone with the same illness that you have//  give sb sth//  --Don’t come too close - I don’t want you to give me your cold!//  give sth to sb//  --It’s very unlikely a doctor could give HIV to a patient.//\n  10 ORGANIZE A SOCIAL EVENT:   [T] to organize a social event such as a party//   hold, put on//  --We’re  giving a  small  party  for dad’s birthday next week.//\n  11 MAKE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING:   [T] to tell someone to do a job or piece of work//  give sb work/homework etc //  --How much homework are you given in a week?//  --He’s always giving us chores to do around the house.//\n  12 MAKE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING HAVE A QUALITY:   [T] to make someone or something have a particular quality//   lend//  give sb/sth sth//  --The ginger gives the dish a wonderful spicy flavour.//  --His grey hair gave him an air of distinction.//  --Its association with the movie industry has given the place a certain glamor.//\n  13 PAY FOR:   [T] to pay a particular amount of money for something//  --They say they’re not willing to give any more than they’ve already offered.//  give sb sth for sth//  --They gave us [hA124]700 for our old car.//  --How much will you give me for these two games?//\n  14 BEHAVE TOWARDS:   [T] to behave towards someone in a way that shows you have a particular attitude or feeling towards them//  give sb loyalty/obedience/respect //  --The people were expected to give their leader absolute obedience and loyalty.//\n  15 PUNISHMENT:   [T] to officially say that someone must have a particular punishment//  give sb a fine/a sentence //  --If you don’t pay on time, you could be given a fine of up to $1000.//  give sb 6 months/3 years etc (=in prison) //  --The judge gave her two years in prison.//\n  16  give (sb) an impression/a sense/an idea:  to make someone think about something in a particular way//  --I didn’t want to give him the wrong idea about the job.//  --The report gives us a very accurate picture of life in the inner cities.//\n  17  give sth thought/attention/consideration etc:   also give thought/attention/consideration etc to sth //  to spend some time thinking about something carefully//  --Congress has been giving the crime bill serious consideration.//  --I’ll give the matter some thought and let you know my decision next week.//\n  18  give (sb) a hand:   spoken to help someone do something//  --Can you give me a hand?//  give (somebody) a hand with//  --Shall I give you a hand with that bag?//\n  19  give sb a call/buzz:   informal  also give sb a ring/bell  BrE //  to telephone someone//  --I’ll give you a call about seven, okay?//\n  20  give sth a try/shot/whirl:   informal  also give sth a go  BrE //  to try to do something, especially something you have not done before//  --I’m not usually much good at this sort of game, but I’ll give it a go.//\n  21  give sb time/a few weeks/all day etc:  to allow time for someone to do something, or for something to happen//  --I’ve asked him to give me a couple more days to finish my essay.//  --Flexible working hours could give working parents more time to spend with their children.//\n  22  I give it six weeks/a month etc:   spoken used to say that you do not think something will continue successfully for very long//  --I give the project six months at the most before it all falls apart.//\n  23  not give sth a second thought/another thought:  to not think or worry about something at all//  --The matter didn’t seem important, and I hardly gave it a second thought.//\n  24 BE LESS STRICT:   [I] to be willing to change what you think or do according to what else happens//  --I think that both sides need to give a little.//\n  25 STATE A DECISION:   [T]  BrE to state what your official decision or judgement is, for example in a game//  --The referee has given a penalty.//  --The jury will be giving its verdict within the next couple of days.//\n  26 GIVE A MARK/SCORE:   [T] to decide that someone should have a particular score or mark for something that they have done//  --She only gave me a B for my last essay.//  --The judges have given him top marks for this performance.//\n  27 BEND/STRETCH:   [I] if a material gives, it bends or stretches when you put pressure on it//  --New shoes often feel tight, but the leather should give a little after a few days.//\n  28 BREAK/MOVE:   [I] if something gives, it breaks or moves away suddenly because of weight or pressure on it//  --The branch suddenly gave beneath him.//  --I pushed against the door with all my might, but it still wouldn’t give.//\n  29  give me sth (any day/time):   spoken used to say that you like something much more than something else//  --Give me good old-fashioned rock ’n’ roll any day!//\n  30  would give anything/a lot/your right arm etc for sth:   spoken used when you would like something very much//  --I’d give my right arm for a figure like that.//\n  31  not give a damn/shit etc:   spoken  not polite used to say that you do not care at all about something//  --I don’t give a damn what you think.//\n  32  don’t give me that:   spoken used to say that you do not believe someone’s excuse or explanation//  --Don’t give me that! I know exactly where you’ve been!//\n  33  give sb what for:   spoken to tell someone angrily that you are annoyed with them//  --I’ll give that boy what for when I see him!//\n  34  give as good as you get:  to fight or argue with someone using the same amount of skill or force that they are using//  --I don’t worry about Emma because I know she can give as good as she gets.//\n  35  give and take:   informal to help other people and do things for them as well as expecting them to do things for you//  --You have to learn to give and take in any relationship.//\n  36  give or take a few minutes/a penny/a mile etc:   spoken used to say that the amount or figure that you have just mentioned is nearly correct, but not exactly//  --It’ll be a couple of thousand pounds, give or take fifty or so.//\n  37  I’ll give you that:   spoken used to admit that someone is right about something//  --I was wrong to trust him, I’ll give you that.//\n  38  give sb to understand/think/believe sth:   formal to make someone think that a particular thing is true//  --I was given to understand that I would be offered a permanent job.//\n  39  give it to sb straight:   informal to tell someone something in a clear direct way//  --There’s no point in beating about the bush, so I’ll give it to you straight.//\n  40  I give you the chairman/prime minister/groom etc:   BrE  spoken used at the end of a formal speech to invite people to welcome a special guest//\n  41 SEX:   [T]  old-fashioned if a woman gives herself to a man, she has sex with him//  give away [give sb/sth away] phr v//\n  1 to give something to someone because you do not want or need it for yourself:  --I gave most of my books away when I left college.//  give somebody/something away to//  --Give your old clothes away to a thrift shop.//\n  2 to give something to someone without asking for any money, rather than selling it to them:  --We’re giving away a free diary with tomorrow’s newspaper.//  give somebody/something away to//  --We have 1,000 CDs to give away to our readers.//\n  3 to show where someone is or what they are doing or thinking when they are trying to keep this a secret:  --Don’t worry, I won’t give you away.//  --Sue tried to smile, but her voice gave her away.//  give yourself away//  --I knew that if I moved I would give myself away.//  --The look on his face gave the game away  (=showed something that he was trying to keep secret) .//\n  4 to tell someone something that you should keep secret:  --He gave away as little information as possible.//  --I don’t want to give away exactly how the system works.//  --I don’t want to give the game away  (=give information that should be secret) by saying too much.//\n  5 to lose in a game or competition by doing something badly or making mistakes:  --We gave away two goals in the first half.//  --The Democrats are now in danger of giving the whole election away.//\n  6 to give formal permission for a woman to marry a man as part of a traditional wedding ceremony:  give back [give sth → back] phr v//\n  1 to give something to the person it belongs to or the person who gave it to you:  --This isn’t your money and you must give it back.//  --Of course you can have a look at it, as long as you give it back.//  give sth back to sb//  --I’ll give the keys back to you tomorrow morning.//  give sb sth → back//  --Her ex-husband refused to give her back any of her old photos and letters.//\n  2 to make it possible for someone to have or do something again:   restore//  give sb sth → back//  --He underwent an expensive operation to give him back his sight.//  --The company finally agreed to give the women their old jobs back.//  give sth back to sb//  --This legislation will give more power back to local authorities.//  give in phr v//\n  1 to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to:  --Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.//  --Bob’s wife went on at him so much that eventually he gave in.//  give in to//  --The government refused to give in to their demands.//\n  2 to accept that you are defeated in a game, fight, competition etc:    surrender//  --The rebels were eventually forced to give in.//  --We will carry on fighting to the end. We will never give in.//\n  3  give sth → in:   BrE to give a piece of work or something you have written to someone in authority//   hand in//  --You were supposed to give this work in four days ago.//  --Rose decided to give in her notice  (=officially say she was going to leave her job) .//  give something → in to//  --All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday.//  give in to [give in to sth] phr v//  to no longer try to stop yourself from doing something you want to do//  --Don’t give in to the temptation to argue back.//  --If you feel the urge for a cigarette, try not to give in to it.//  give of [give of sth] phr v//  if you give of yourself, your time, your money etc, you do things for other people without expecting anything in return//  --Retired people are often willing to give of their time to help with community projects.//  give off [give off sth] phr v//  to produce a smell, light, heat, a sound etc//  --The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.//  --Try not to breathe in the fumes given off by the paint.//  give onto [give onto sth] phr v//  if a window, door, or building gives onto a particular place, it leads to that place or you can see that place from it//  --the garden gate that gives onto the main road//  --a small balcony giving onto fields//  give out phr v//\n  1  give sth → out:  to give something to each person in a group//   hand out//  --Can you give the drinks out, please?//  give something → out to//  --Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.//\n  2 if part of your body gives out, it stops working properly or becomes much weaker:  --Just as I approached the town, my legs finally gave out.//\n  3 if a supply of something gives out, there is none left:  --My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found.//  --After two hours her patience gave out.//\n  4  give out sth:  to produce something such as light, heat, or a signal//   emit//  --A gas lamp gave out a pale yellowish light.//\n  5  give sth → out:   BrE  formal to announce something, especially officially//  --It was given out that the government was to enter into negotiations with the rebels.//  give over phr v//  to stop doing or saying something that is annoying other people//  --I wish you lot would just give over!//  give over doing sth//  --Oh, give over complaining, we’re nearly there.//  give over to / [give sth over to sb/sth] phr v//\n  1  be given over to sth:  to be used for a particular purpose//  --The land surrounding the village was given over to vineyards.//  --The whole day was given over to cooking and preparing for the celebrations.//\n  2  give yourself over to sth:  to spend all your time doing something//  --In his youth he had given himself over to pleasure.//\n  3 to give responsibility for or control over something to a particular person, organization etc:  --The running of internal affairs was given over to the Chancellor.//  give up phr v//\n  1  give sth → up:  to stop doing something, especially something that you do regularly//  --Darren has decided to give up football at the end of this season.//  --She gave up her job and started writing poetry.//  give up doing sth//  --I gave up going to the theatre when I moved out of London.//  --Why don’t you give up smoking?//\n  2 to stop trying to do something:  --We spent half an hour looking for the keys, but eventually gave up and went home.//  --I give up. What’s the answer?//  --You shouldn’t give up so easily .//  give up doing sth//  --I gave up trying to persuade him to continue with his studies.//  give sth → up//  --She has still not given up the search.//\n  3  give yourself/sb up:  to allow yourself or someone else to be caught by the police or enemy soldiers//  --The siege ended peacefully after the gunman gave himself up.//  give yourself/somebody up to//  --In the end, his family gave him up to the police.//\n  4  give up sth:  to use some of your time to do a particular thing//  --I don’t mind giving up a couple of hours a week to deal with correspondence.//\n  5  give sth/sb → up:  to give something that is yours to someone else//  --The family refused to give up any of their land.//  --She was put under tremendous pressure to give the baby up.//  give something/somebody → up to//  --I would always give my seat up to an elderly person on the bus.//\n  6  give sb → up:  to end a romantic relationship with someone, even though you do not really want to//  --I knew deep down that I should give him up.//\n  7  give sb up for dead/lost etc:  to believe that someone is dead and stop looking for them//  --The ship sank and the crew were given up for dead.//    give up the ghost at ghost1 (5)//  give up on / [give up on sb/sth] phr v//  to stop hoping that someone or something will change or improve//  --He’d been in a coma for six months, and doctors had almost given up on him.//  --At that point, I hadn’t completely given up on the marriage.//  give yourself up to [give yourself up to sth] phr v//  to allow yourself to feel an emotion completely, without trying to control it//  --He gave himself up to despair.//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Do not say ’give to somebody something’: He gave me a card (NOT gave to me a card). They gave a prize to the best chef (NOT They gave to the best chef a prize). //  WORD FOCUS: give //  put something in someone’s hand: hand,  pass //  officially give something to someone: award,  present,  grant,  confer,  allocate //  give something to people in a group: hand out,  pass around,  distribute //  give to a charity: donate //  give something to people after you die: leave,  pass on,  bequeath //  ----------//\ngive 2 n [U]   the ability of a material or substance to bend or stretch when put under pressure//  --The rope has quite a bit of give in it.//


Words: give-and-take
Meaning:
n [U]   a willingness between two people or groups to understand each other, and to let each other have or do some of the things they want//  --In any relationship there has to be some give-and-take.//


Words: giveaway
Meaning:
n \n  1 [singular] something that makes it easy for you to guess something:  be a clear/dead giveaway (=make it very easy to guess something) //  --He’d been smoking dope; his glazed eyes were a dead giveaway.//\n  2 [C] something that is given away free, especially something that a shop gives you when you buy a product:\ngiveaway 2 adj [only before noun]   giveaway prices are extremely cheap//


Words: given
Meaning:
the past participle of give//\ngiven 2 adj [only before noun] \n  1  any/a given...:  any particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example//  --On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.//  --The rules are to be followed in any given situation.//  at any given time/moment //  --There are thought to be around 10,000 young homeless Scots in London at any given time.//\n  2 previously arranged:  --The wrapping machine was pre-set to wrap a given number of biscuits.//  --Candidates will have to give a presentation on a given topic.//  --a game in which, at a given signal, everyone has to stand still//\n  3  be given to (doing) sth:   formal to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do//  --He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.//\n  4  take sth as given:  to accept that something is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument//  --The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given.//\ngiven 3 prep   taking something into account//  --Given the circumstances, you’ve done really well.//  given that//  --Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.//\ngiven 4 n [C]   a basic fact that you accept as being true//  --Sandra will be at least 15 minutes late - that’s a given.//  --The concept is taken as a given in social studies.//


Words: Giza
Meaning:
a city in Egypt, which was important in ancient times. Buildings such as the  Pyramids and the  Sphinx are in Giza.//


Words: gizmo
Meaning:
n   plural  gizmos  [C]  informal //  a small piece of equipment - used when you cannot remember or do not know its correct name//


Words: gizzard
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French; Origin: guisier, from  Latin gigeria  ’inside organs of animals’]//  a part of a bird’s stomach that breaks down food into smaller pieces//


Words: glace
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]  BrE   glace fruits, especially cherries, have been covered in sugary liquid//   candied//


Words: glacial
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: glacialis, from  glacies  ’ice’]//\n  1 relating to ice and glaciers, or formed by glaciers:  --a glacial valley//  --glacial deposits//\n  2 a glacial look or expression is extremely unfriendly:   icy//\n  3 extremely slow:  --Change was coming, but at a glacial pace.//\n  4 extremely cold:   icy//  --a glacial wind//  -- glacially adv //


Words: glaciation
Meaning:
n [U]  technical   the process in which land is covered by glaciers, or the effect this process has//


Words: glacier
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: glace  ’ice’, from  Latin glacies]//  a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley//


Words: glad
Meaning:
W3S2   adj [no comparative]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gl[zB024]d  ’bright, shining, happy’]//\n  1 [not before noun] pleased and happy about something:  glad (that)//  --I’m really glad I don’t have to go back there again.//  --We’re so glad you came.//  glad to do sth//  --I am glad to be back home.//  glad to see/hear etc //  --I’m glad to see you looking so well.//  --’I’ve decided to accept the job.’ ’I’m glad.’//  glad when//  --I’ll be glad when the war is over.//  glad about//  --She wasn’t leaving after all. He was glad about that.//  glad for//  --’Jamie’s been accepted for medical school!’ ’I’m so glad for him.’//    gladly//\n  2  be glad of sth:  to be grateful for something//  --Thanks Marge, I’ll be glad of the help.//  be glad of an opportunity/chance/excuse to do sth //  --They were glad of the chance to finally get some sleep.//  --It was cold outside, and she was glad of her coat.//\n  3  be glad to (do sth):  to be very willing and eager to do something//  --We will be glad to send you any information you may need.//  --I’m sure he’d be only too glad to  (=extremely willing to) help you.//  --’Would you give me a hand?’ ’ I’d be glad to .’//\n  4  I would be glad if:   formal used in formal situations or letters to ask someone to do something for you//  --I’d be glad if you’d let me know when the funeral is.//\n  5  glad tidings/news:   old-fashioned good news//\n  6  give sb the glad eye:   BrE  old-fashioned to look at someone in a way that shows you are sexually attracted to them//\n  7  glad rags:   old-fashioned  informal your best clothes that you wear for special occasions//  -- gladness n  [U] //    glad-hand//


Words: glad-hand
Meaning:
v [I and T]   to talk to or welcome people in a very friendly way, especially when this is not sincere//  --He moved among the guests, glad-handing well-wishers.//


Words: gladden
Meaning:
v [T]    old-fashioned to make someone feel pleased and happy//  --It will gladden the hearts of my friends to see you.//


Words: glade
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Perhaps from   GLAD]//   literary a small open space in a wood or forest//


Words: gladiator
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: gladius  ’sword’]//  a soldier who fought against other men or wild animals as an entertainment in ancient Rome//  -- gladiatorial/gl[zB024]di[hA353]t[hA350][hA359]ri[hA353]l[hA36B]/ adj //  --gladiatorial combat//


Words: gladiolus
Meaning:
n   plural  gladioli /-la[hA366]/ [C] //  a tall garden plant with long leaves and large brightly-coloured flowers//


Words: gladly
Meaning:
adv \n  1 willingly or eagerly:  --I would gladly have done it for him.//\n  2 happily:  --’Here’s Michelle!’ he said gladly.//    not suffer fools gladly at suffer(4)//


Words: Gladstone
Meaning:
William Ewart   (1809-98) a British politician in the Liberal Party, who was Prime Minister four times (1868-74, 1880-85, 1886, 1892-94). He established a system of primary education for all children, and also introduced secret voting rights for most males. He supported the idea of limited independence for Ireland, but did not succeed in persuading Parliament to accept this idea.//


Words: glam
Meaning:
adj  informal   attractive, exciting, and connected with wealth and success//   glamorous//  --glam young film directors//


Words: glamorize
Meaning:
also  glamorise BrE   v [T]   to make something seem more attractive than it really is//  --TV has been accused of glamorizing crime.//  -- glamorization/gl[zB024]m[hA353]ra[hA366]ze[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n $ -r[hA353]-/ n  [U] //


Words: glamorous
Meaning:
adj   attractive, exciting, and related to wealth and success//  --She led an exciting and glamorous life.//  --the most glamorous neighborhood in the city//  --a glamorous actress//  --On television, she looks so glamorous.//


Words: glamour
Meaning:
usually  glamor AmE   n [U]   [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Scottish English; Origin: ’magic’, from  English grammar; because of an old association of knowledge with magic]//\n  1 the attractive and exciting quality of being connected with wealth and success:  glamour of//  --Forget all you read about the glamour of television.//\n  2 a style of attractiveness that suggests wealth:  --Designer clothes are not a passport to instant glamour.//\n  3  glamour girl/boy:  a performer who is more noticeable for their attractiveness than for their skill or ability//


Words: glance
Meaning:
W3  preposition]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from  glent  ’to move quickly, shine’ (13-19 centuries)]//\n  1 to quickly look at someone or something:  glance at/up/down etc//  --The man glanced nervously at his watch.//  --Wyatt glanced around the restaurant.//  --Emily glanced over her shoulder.//\n  2 to read something very quickly:  glance at/through etc//  --Can you glance through these figures for me?//  glance off () [glance off (sth)] phr v//\n  1 to hit a surface at an angle and then move away from it in another direction:  --The bullet had crushed his helmet and glanced off.//\n  2  literary if light glances off a surface, it flashes or shines back from it:  --The sun was glancing off the icy tips of gleaming rock.//  ----------//  WORD CHOICE: glance, glimpse //  glance  (verb) means ’to look quickly and deliberately’ and a  glance is the act of quickly looking at someone or something : I glanced at my watch. |  She gave me an amused glance. //  glimpse  (verb) means ’to see something or someone by chance for a very short time’ and a  glimpse is a sight that you see by chance for a very short time : I glimpsed someone behind the curtain. |  We got a glimpse of her face as she hurried past. //  ----------//\nglance 2 W3 n [C] \n  1 a quick look:  --He gave her a quick glance and smiled.//  sidelong/sideways glance //  --She couldn’t resist a sidelong glance (=a look that is not direct) at him.//  take/shoot/throw/cast a glance (at sb) (=look at someone or something quickly) //  --The couple at the next table cast quick glances in our direction.//  --The brothers exchanged glances  (=looked at each other quickly) .//\n  2  at a glance:  a) if you know something at a glance, you know it as soon as you see it//  --He saw at a glance what had happened.//  b) in a short form that is easy to read and understand//  --Here are our top ten ski resorts at a glance.//\n  3  at first glance/sight:  when you first look at something//  --At first glance, the place seemed deserted.//


Words: glancing
Meaning:
adj \n  1  a glancing blow:  a hit that partly misses so that it does not have its full force//\n  2  a glancing reference/mention:  a short or indirect reference to something or someone//  -- glancingly adv //


Words: gland
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: glande, from  Latin glans  ’acorn’]//  an organ of the body which produces a substance that the body needs, such as hormones, sweat, or saliva//  --the pituitary gland//


Words: glandular fever
Meaning:
n [U]    BrE an infectious disease which makes your lymph nodes swell up and makes you feel weak for a long time afterwards//


Words: glare
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Middle Low German; Origin: glaren  ’to shine dully’]//\n  1 to look angrily at someone for a long time:    stare//  glare at//  --She glared at him accusingly.//  glare into/across/round etc//  --He glared round the room as if expecting a challenge.//\n  2 [always + adverb/preposition] to shine with a very strong bright light which hurts your eyes:  --The sun glared down on us.//\nglare 2 n \n  1 [singular, U] a bright unpleasant light which hurts your eyes:  the glare of sth//  --the harsh glare of the desert sun//  --a special screen to reduce glare//\n  2 [C] a long angry look:    stare//  --She gave him a hostile glare.//\n  3  the glare of publicity/the media/public scrutiny etc:  the full attention of newspapers, television etc, especially when you do not want it//


Words: glaring
Meaning:
adj \n  1 very bad and very noticeable:   obvious//  --The book’s most glaring omission is the lack of an index.//  --a glaring example of political corruption//\n  2 too bright and difficult to look at:  --the glaring light of high noon//


Words: glaringly
Meaning:
adv   in a way that is very clear and easy to notice//  --Some of the clues were glaringly obvious .//


Words: glasnost
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Russian; Origin: ’openness’, from  glas  ’voice’]//  the policy begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR in the 1980s of allowing discussion of the country’s problems//


Words: Glass
Meaning:
Philip   (1937- ) a US  composer of modern  classical music, who was influenced by Indian music, and is famous for his  minimalist style, in which short musical phrases are repeated again and again, with very slight changes//


Words: glass
Meaning:
n   ----------//\n   1 transparent material:\n   2 for drinking:\n   3 amount of liquid:\n   4 for eyes:\n   5 glass objects:\n   6 people in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones:\n   7 under glass:\n   8 mirror:\n   9 the glass:  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gl[zB024]s]//\n  1 TRANSPARENT MATERIAL:   [U] a transparent solid substance used for making windows, bottles etc//  --a glass bowl//  --a piece of broken glass //  pane/sheet of glass (=a flat piece of glass with straight edges) //  --the cathedral’s stained glass windows//  glass, bow tie, tray//\n  2 FOR DRINKING:   [C] a container used for drinking made of glass//    cup//  wine/brandy/champagne etc glass//  --Nigel raised his glass in a toast to his son.//\n  3 AMOUNT OF LIQUID:   [C] the amount of a drink contained in a glass//  glass of//  --She poured us a glass of wine each.//  4 FOR EYES//   glasses [plural] two pieces of specially cut glass or plastic in a frame, which you wear in order to see more clearly//   spectacles//  --He was clean-shaven and wore glasses .//  --I need a new pair of glasses .//  distance/reading glasses //    dark glasses,  field glasses//\n  5 GLASS OBJECTS:   [U] objects which are made of glass, especially ones used for drinking and eating//  --a priceless collection of Venetian glass//\n  6  people in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones:  used to say that you should not criticize someone for having a fault if you have the same fault yourself//\n  7  under glass:  plants that are grown under glass are protected from the cold by a glass cover//\n  8 MIRROR:   [C]  old-fashioned a mirror//\n  9  the glass:   old-fashioned a barometer//    cut glass,  ground glass,  looking glass,  magnifying glass,  plate glass//    raise your glass at raise1 (16),  safety glass,  stained glass//  ----------//  HINT sense 4 //  Do not say ’a glasses’: She’s got nice (NOT a nice) glasses. //  ----------//\nglass 2 v   glass in [glass sth → in] phr v//  to cover something with glass, or to build a glass structure around something//


Words: glass ceiling
Meaning:
n [singular]   the attitudes and practices that prevent women or particular groups from getting high level jobs, even though there are no actual laws or rules to stop them//  --Goodhue shattered the glass ceiling as the first female publisher at Time Inc.//


Words: glasshouse
Meaning:
n [C]  BrE \n  1 a building made mainly of glass which is used for growing plants:   greenhouse//\n  2  the glasshouse:   informal a military prison//


Words: glassy
Meaning:
adj \n  1 smooth and shining, like glass:  --the glassy surface of the lake//\n  2 glassy eyes show no feeling or understanding, and do not move:


Words: Glastonbury
Meaning:
a town in southwest England with one of the oldest  abbeys (=type of religious building)  in England.  A large festival of modern music is held at Glastonbury every year at  midsummer.//


Words: glaucoma
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek, from  glaukos  ’gray’]//  an eye disease in which increased pressure inside your eye gradually makes you lose your sight//


Words: glaze
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: glass]//\n  1 [I]  also glaze over :  if your eyes glaze over, they show no expression, usually because you are very bored or tired//  --Sometimes his eyes would glaze over for a second or two.//\n  2 [T] to cover plates, cups etc made of clay with a thin liquid that gives them a shiny surface:\n  3 [T] to cover food with a liquid which gives it an attractive shiny surface:  --Glaze the rolls with egg-white.//\n  4 [T] to fit glass into window frames in a house, door etc:\nglaze 2 n [U and C] \n  1 a liquid that is used to cover plates, cups etc made of clay to give them a shiny surface:\n  2 a liquid which is put onto food to give it an attractive shiny surface:\n  3 a transparent covering of oil paint spread over a painting:


Words: glazed
Meaning:
adj   glazed look/eyes/expression etc//  if you have a glazed look, your eyes show no expression, usually because you are very bored or tired//


Words: gleam
Meaning:
v [I] \n  1 to shine softly:   glimmer//  --His teeth gleamed under his moustache.//  gleam with//  --The wooden panelling was gleaming with wax polish.//\n  2 if your eyes or face gleam with a feeling, they show it:   glint//  gleam with//  --He laughed, his eyes gleaming with amusement.//  -- gleaming adj //  --gleaming white walls//  ----------//  WORD CHOICE: gleam, glint, glisten, glitter, glow //  All these words mean ’to shine’ but are used in slightly different ways.//  gleam  is used especially of smooth clean surfaces that shine : She polished the car until it gleamed. |  gleaming white teeth //  glint means to shine brightly with a small flash of light. It is used especially of shiny metals : Her jewellery glinted in the sun. //  glisten  is used of wet or oily surfaces that shine : The wet streets glistened. //  glitter means to shine brightly with many small flashes of light : the glittering frost //  glow  means to shine with a warm soft steady light. It is often used of things that give off heat : The coal in the fireplace was still glowing. //  ----------//\ngleam 2 n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gl[zB024]m]//\n  1 a small pale light, especially one that shines for a short time:   glimmer//  gleam of//  --They saw a sudden gleam of light.//\n  2 the brightness of something that shines:   glint//  gleam of//  --the gleam of gold and diamonds//\n  3 an emotion or expression that appears for a moment on someone’s face:  gleam of//  --She saw a gleam of amusement in his eyes.//  --Rose looked at me with a furious gleam in her eyes.//\n  4  sth is a gleam in sb’s eye:  used to say that something is being planned or thought about, but does not yet exist//  --In those days, CD-ROMs were still just a gleam in the eye of some young engineer.//


Words: glean
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: glener, from  Late Latin glennare]//\n  1 [T] to find out information slowly and with difficulty:  glean sth from sb/sth//  --Additional information was gleaned from other sources.//\n  2 [I and T] to collect grain that has been left behind after the crops have been cut:


Words: glee
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: gleo  ’entertainment, music’]//  [U] a feeling of satisfaction and excitement, often because something bad has happened to someone else//   delight//  --Manufacturers are rubbing their hands with glee as they prepare to cash in.//


Words: glen
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Scottish Gaelic; Origin: glenn]//  a deep narrow valley in Scotland or Ireland//


Words: Glencoe
Meaning:
Glen Coe  a valley in the western Highlands of Scotland, where, in 1692, members of one  clan (=a large group of families) , the Campbells, killed members of another clan, the MacDonalds, in the Massacre of Glencoe. It is now a popular place for people to go to ski or climb.//


Words: Glenn
Meaning:
John   (1921-) the first US  astronaut to make a journey in space in 1962. In 1974 he became a member of the US Senate for the  Democratic Party, representing the state of Ohio. In 1998, he again went into space, becoming the oldest man to do so.//


Words: glib
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from  Low German glibberig  ’slippery’]//\n  1 said easily and without thinking about all the problems involved - used to show disapproval:  --glib generalizations//\n  2 speaking easily but without thinking carefully - used to show disapproval:  --glib politicians//  -- glibly adv //  -- glibness n  [U] //


Words: glide
Meaning:
v [I]   [Language: Old English; Origin: glidan]//\n  1 [always + adverb/preposition] to move smoothly and quietly, as if without effort:  glide across/over/down etc//  --couples gliding over the dancefloor//\n  2 :  a) if a bird glides, it flies without moving its wings//  b) if a plane glides, it flies without using an engine//\n  3 [always + adverb/preposition] to do or achieve things easily:  glide through//  --Kennedy seemed to glide through life.//\nglide 2 n [C] \n  1 a smooth quiet movement that seems to take no effort:\n  2  technical the act of moving from one musical note to another without a break in sound:\n  3  technical a vowel which is made by moving your tongue from one position to another:    diphthong//


Words: glimmer
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a small sign of something such as hope or understanding:  glimmer of//  --a glimmer of hope for the future//\n  2 a light that is not very bright:   gleam//  glimmer of//  --the first glimmer of dawn//\nglimmer 2 v [I]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//  to shine with a light that is not very bright//   gleam//  --a weak, glimmering light//


Words: glimmering
Meaning:
n [C often plural]   a small sign of thought or feeling//  --The glimmerings of an idea began to come to him.//


Words: glimpse
Meaning:
n [C] \n  1 a quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearly:  glimpse of//  --They caught a glimpse of a dark green car.//  brief/fleeting/quick glimpse (=a very short look) //  --We only had a fleeting glimpse of the river.//\n  2 a short experience of something that helps you begin to understand it:  glimpse of/into/at//  --a glimpse of what life might be like in the future//\nglimpse 2 v [T]   [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Perhaps from an unrecorded  Old English glimsian]//\n  1 to see someone or something for a moment without getting a complete view of them:   catch sight of//  --I glimpsed a figure at the window. see usage note  glance1 //\n  2 to begin to understand something for a moment:  --For the first time she glimpsed the truth about her sister.//


Words: glint
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Perhaps from  glent;   GLANCE1]//\n  1 if a shiny surface glints, it gives out small flashes of light:   sparkle//  --The gold rims of his spectacles glinted in the sun. see usage note  gleam1 //\n  2 if light glints off a surface, it shines back off it:  --Sunlight glinted off the windows of a tall apartment building.//\n  3 if your eyes glint, they shine and show an unfriendly feeling:\nglint 2 n [C] \n  1 a look in someone’s eyes which shows a particular feeling:   gleam//  --a humorous glint in her eyes//\n  2 a flash of light from a shiny surface:


Words: glisten
Meaning:
v [I]   [Language: Old English; Origin: glisnian]//  to shine and look wet or oily//  glisten with//  --The boy’s back was glistening with sweat.//  --glistening black hair//   see usage note  gleam1 //


Words: glitch
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from  German glitschen  ’to slide, slip’]//  a small fault in a machine or piece of equipment, that stops it working//  --a software glitch//


Words: glitter
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: glitra]//\n  1 to shine brightly with flashing points of light:   sparkle//  --The river glittered in the sunlight. see usage note  gleam1 //\n  2 if someone’s eyes glitter, they shine very brightly and show a particular strong emotion:  glitter with//  --His blue eyes glittered with anger.//\nglitter 2 n [U] \n  1 brightness consisting of many flashing points of light:  --the glitter of his gold cigarette case//\n  2  literary a bright shining expression in someone’s eyes that shows a particular emotion:   gleam//  --There was no mistaking the mocking glitter in his eyes.//\n  3 the exciting attractive quality of a place or a way of life which is connected with rich or famous people:  --The glamour and glitter of London was not for him.//\n  4 very small pieces of shiny paper that are used for decoration:  -- glittery adj //  --glittery earrings//


Words: glitterati
Meaning:
n [plural]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: glitter +  literati]//  people who are rich, famous, and fashionable//


Words: glittering
Meaning:
adj [usually before noun] \n  1 giving off many small flashes of light:   sparkling//  --glittering jewels//\n  2 very successful:  --a glittering career//\n  3 connected with rich, famous and fashionable people:  --a glittering Hollywood premiere//


Words: glitz
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Language: Yiddish; Origin: ’flashes of light’]//  the exciting, attractive quality which is connected with rich, famous and fashionable people//   glamour//  --show business glitz//


Words: glitzy
Meaning:
adj   exciting and attractive because of being connected with rich, famous, and fashionable people//   glamorous//  --glitzy London parties//


Words: gloaming
Meaning:
n   [Language: Old English; Origin: glomung]//  the gloaming//   literary the time in the early evening when it is becoming dark//   dusk//


Words: gloat
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//  to show in an annoying way that you are proud of your own success or happy about someone else’s failure//  gloat over//  --The fans are still gloating over Scotland’s victory.//  -- gloat n  [singular] //


Words: glob
Meaning:
n [C]  informal   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Perhaps from  globe +  blob]//  a small amount of something soft or liquid that has a round shape//   dollop//  --globs of paint//


Words: global
Meaning:
W3   adj \n  1 affecting or including the whole world:    universal//  --global climate change//  --a slowdown in the global economy//\n  2 considering all the parts of a problem or situation together:  --We are taking a global view of our business.//\n  3 affecting a whole computer system, program, or file:  -- globally adv //


Words: global village
Meaning:
n [singular]   a name for the world, used to emphasize the degree to which everything is connected and each part depends on the others//


Words: global warming
Meaning:
n [U]   a general increase in world temperatures caused by increased amounts of carbon dioxide around the Earth//


Words: globalization
Meaning:
also  globalisation BrE   n [U]   the process of making something such as a business operate in a lot of different countries all around the world, or the result of this//  --the increasing globalization of world trade//


Words: globalize
Meaning:
also  globalise BrE   v [I and T]   if a company, industry, or  economy globalizes or is globalized, it has business activities all over the world//


Words: globe
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin globus]//\n  1 a round object with a map of the Earth drawn on it:\n  2  the globe:  the world//  --We export our goods all over the globe.//\n  3 an object shaped like a ball:   sphere//


Words: Globe Theatre
Meaning:
the Globe Theatre//  a) a theatre south of the River Thames in London where William  Shakespeare ’s plays were first performed. It was destroyed in the 17th century.//  b) an exact copy of this theatre, built in the same place and opened in 1996//


Words: globetrotter
Meaning:
n [C]    informal someone who spends a lot of their time travelling to many different countries//  -- globe-trotting adj //  -- globe-trotting n  [U] //


Words: globule
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Latin globulus, from  globus;   GLOBE]//  a small drop of a liquid, or of a solid that has been melted//  --globules of fat//


Words: glockenspiel
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: glocke  ’bell’ +  spiel  ’play’]//  a musical instrument consisting of many flat metal bars of different lengths, that you play with special hammers//    xylophone//


Words: glom
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  glommed present participle  glomming //  glom onto [glom onto sth] phr v//  [Date: 1800-1900; Origin:  Probably from  Scottish English glaum  ’to seize’ (18-19 centuries), from  Scottish Gaelic glam]//\n  1 to become attached to someone or something so strongly that it is difficult to break the attachment:  --The antibodies glom onto the virus and destroy it.//\n  2 to be very attracted to an idea, opinion, style etc:  --College students have glommed onto the new African styles.//


Words: gloom
Meaning:
n [singular, U] \n  1  literary almost complete darkness:  --He peered into the gathering (=increasing) gloom.//\n  2 a feeling of great sadness and lack of hope:  --a time of high unemployment and economic gloom//    doom and gloom at doom2 //


Words: gloomy
Meaning:
adj   comparative  gloomier superlative  gloomiest //\n  1 making you feel that things will not improve:   depressing//  --The report paints a gloomy picture of the economy.//\n  2 sad because you think the situation will not improve:   depressed//  --Anne dismissed these gloomy thoughts from her mind.//\n  3 dark, especially in a way that makes you feel sad:  --It was a gloomy room with one small window.//  -- gloomily adv //


Words: glop
Meaning:
BrE [U]   [Date: 1900-2000; Origin:  Probably from the sound it makes]//   informal a thick soft wet mass of something//  -- gloppy adj //


Words: glorified
Meaning:
adj [only before noun]   made to seem like something more important//  --Many bosses view secretaries as no more than glorified typists.//


Words: glorify
Meaning:
v   past tense and past participle  glorified present participle  glorifying third person singular  glorifies  [T] //\n  1 to make someone or something seem more important or better than they really are:  --films which glorify violence//\n  2 to praise someone or something, especially God:  -- glorification/gl[hA350][hA359]r[hA369]f[hA369]ke[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n/ n  [U] //  --the glorification of war//


Words: glorious
Meaning:
adj \n  1 having or deserving great fame, praise, and honour:  --We have in our grasp a truly glorious future.//  --a glorious victory//\n  2 very beautiful or impressive:  -- glorious views of the rocky coast//  --a glorious red sky//\n  3 glorious weather is sunny and hot:  --glorious sunshine//\n  4 extremely enjoyable:   wonderful//  --We had a glorious afternoon of sailing.//  -- gloriously adv //


Words: Glorious Revolution
Meaning:
the   the time in British history (1688-89) when King James II was removed from power, and his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange became joint rulers. It was also called the Bloodless Revolution.//


Words: glory
Meaning:
n   plural  glories //  [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: glorie, from  Latin gloria]//\n  1 [U] the importance, honour, and praise that people give someone they admire a lot:  --She dreamt of future glory as an Olympic champion.//  --Goran’s moment of glory came when he defeated Rafter.//  --He began the season in a blaze of glory , scoring seven goals in as many games.//\n  2 [C] an achievement that is greatly admired or respected, or makes you very proud:  glory of//  --one of the finest artistic glories of Florence//  --monuments to past glories //  --Becoming a Supreme Court judge was the crowning glory  (=most successful part) of her career.//\n  3 [U] when something is beautiful and impressive in appearance:  --They spent $10 million restoring the theatre to its former glory .//  in all its/their etc glory //  --The sun emerged from behind the clouds in all its glory.//\n  4  bask/bathe in sb’s/sth’s (reflected) glory:  to share some of the importance and praise that belongs to someone close to you//\n  5  glory days:  a time in the past when someone was admired//  --the team’s glory days in the late ’80s//\n  6  to the (greater) glory of sb/sth:   formal in order to increase the honour that is given to someone or something//  --The cathedral was built to the greater glory of God.//\n  7  Glory (be) to God/Jesus etc:   spoken used to say that God deserves praise, honour, and thanks//\nglory 2 v   past tense and past participle  gloried present participle  glorying third person singular  glories //  glory in [glory in sth] phr v//  to enjoy or be proud of something//  --She didn’t like to glory in her past victories.//


Words: gloss
Meaning:
n   [Sense: 1-2, 5-6; Date: 1500-1600; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language.]//  [Sense: 3-4; Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: glose, from  Latin glossa  ’unusual word that needs explaining’, from  Greek,  ’tongue, language, unusual word’]//\n  1 [singular,U] a bright shine on a surface:  --This gel will add gloss to even the dullest hair.//  polish/shine to a high gloss //  --The silverware had been polished to a high gloss.//\n  2 [singular,U] an attractive appearance on the surface of something that may hide something less pleasant:  --Beneath the gloss of success was a tragic private life.//  --The injury to Keane took the gloss off Manchester United’s victory.//\n  3 [C] a note in a piece of writing that explains a difficult word, phrase, or idea:\n  4 [singular] a description or explanation that makes something seem more attractive or acceptable than it really is:  --The minister was accused of putting a gloss on the government’s poor performance.//\n  5  gloss finish/print:  a surface or photograph that has been made shiny//\n  6  also gloss paint :   [U] paint that looks shiny after it dries//   matt//\ngloss 2 v   [T] to provide a note in a piece of writing, explaining a difficult word, phrase, or idea//  gloss over [gloss over sth] phr v//  to avoid talking about something unpleasant, or to say as little as possible about it//  --She glossed over the details of her divorce.//


Words: glossary
Meaning:
n   plural  glossaries  [C] //  a list of special words and explanations of their meanings, often at the end of a book//


Words: glossy
Meaning:
adj \n  1 shiny and smooth:  --her glossy black hair//  --the glossy surface of the leaves//\n  2  glossy magazine/brochure etc:  a magazine etc that is printed on good quality shiny paper, usually with lots of colour pictures//\n  3 something that is glossy has an attractive appearance on the surface that may hide something less pleasant:  --a glossy election campaign//  -- glossiness n  [U] //\nglossy 2   plural  glossies  n [C usually plural] //\n  1  BrE  also glossy magazine :  a magazine that is printed on good quality shiny paper, usually with lots of colour pictures//\n  2 a photograph printed on shiny paper:


Words: glottal stop
Meaning:
n [C]    technical a speech sound made by completely closing and then opening your glottis, which in some forms of spoken English may take the place of a /t/ between vowel sounds or may be used before a vowel sound//


Words: glottis
Meaning:
n [C]  technical   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Greek; Origin: glotta  ’tongue’]//  the space between your vocal cords which helps to make the sound of your voice. When this space is opened and closed, the movement produces a sound//  -- glottal adj //


Words: Gloucester
Meaning:
a city in the west of England, on the River Severn. It has a famous  cathedral (=an important church) .//


Words: Gloucestershire
Meaning:
a  county in the west of England, next to Wales. The  Cotswolds, an area of beautiful hills and countryside, are in south and east Gloucestershire.//


Words: glove
Meaning:
n [C]   [Language: Old English; Origin: glof]//\n  1 a piece of clothing that you wear on your hand in order to protect it or keep it warm:    mitten//  --a pair of gloves //  --boxing gloves//  rubber/leather etc gloves //\n  2  the gloves are off:  used to say that people are ready to begin a fight or argument//    fit (sb) like a glove at fit1 (1),  hand in glove at hand1 (34)//


Words: glove compartment
Meaning:
also glove box  n [C]   a small cupboard in a car in front of the passenger seat, where small things such as maps can be kept//


Words: glow
Meaning:
n [singular] \n  1 a soft steady light:  glow from//  --the glow from the dying fire//  glow of//  --the dim glow of the lightbulb//  --the warm glow of the setting sun//  --the green glow of the computer monitor//\n  2 the pink colour in your face or body that you have when you are healthy, have been doing exercise, or are excited:  --She had a healthy glow in her cheeks.//\n  3  a glow of pleasure/satisfaction/happiness etc:  a strong feeling of pleasure etc//  --Sophie felt a glow of pride.//\nglow 2 v [I]   [Language: Old English; Origin: glowan]//\n  1 to produce or reflect a soft steady light:   shine//  --The bedside lamp glowed dimly.//  --The fireplace was still glowing with the remains of last night’s fire.//  --The red tip of his cigarette was glowing in the dark. see usage note  gleam1 //\n  2 if your face or body glows, it is pink or hot because you are healthy, have been doing exercise, or are feeling a strong emotion:  glow with//  --She looked exceptionally well, glowing with health .//\n  3  glow with pride/joy/pleasure etc:  to look very happy because you feel proud etc//  --She gazed up at him, glowing with happiness.//\n  4 if something glows with a quality or colour, it is attractive and has strong colours:  glow with//  --The interior of the house glowed with colour, warmth, and life.//


Words: glower
Meaning:
v [I]   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from a  Scandinavian language]//  to look at someone in an angry way//   glare//  glower at//  --She glowered at him disapprovingly.//  -- glower n  [C] //


Words: glowing
Meaning:
adj \n  1  glowing report/account/description etc:  a report etc that is full of praise//  --I’ve had glowing reports from Neil about your work.//\n  2  in glowing terms:  using a lot of praise//  --He speaks of you in glowing terms.//  -- glowingly adv //


Words: glucose
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Greek gleukos  ’sweet wine’]//  a natural form of sugar that exists in fruit//


Words: glue
Meaning:
S3   n [U and C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: glu, from  Latin glus]//  a sticky substance used for joining things together//\nglue 2   present participle  gluing  or  glueing  v [T] //\n  1 to join two things together using glue:   stick//  glue sth (back) together//  --The sheets are glued together with strong adhesive.//  glue sth in place/position//  --Check that you have glued everything in place properly.//\n  2  be glued to sth:   informal //  a) to look at something with all your attention//  --He was glued to the TV when the Olympics were on.//  b) to not move because you are very interested, surprised, frightened etc//  --We were glued to our chairs, listening intently to every word.//  be glued to the spot  BrE //  --Sarah was glued to the spot, terrified by the scene in front of her.//


Words: glue-sniffing
Meaning:
n [U]   the habit of breathing in gases from glues in order to produce a state of pleasure//  -- glue sniffer n  [C] //


Words: glum
Meaning:
adj   comparative  glummer superlative  glummest //  [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: glum  ’to look annoyed or bored’ (15-19 centuries), from  gloom]//  if someone is glum, they feel unhappy and do not talk a lot//   gloomy//  --Anna looked glum .//  --After dinner, Kate lapsed into a glum silence .//  -- glumly adv //  --She stared glumly at her plate.//  -- glumness n  [U] //


Words: glut
Meaning:
n [C usually singular]   a supply of something, especially a product or crop, that is more than is needed//  → shortage//  glut of//  --a glut of oil on the world market//\nglut 2   past tense and past participle  glutted present participle  glutting  v [T] //  [Date: 1300-1400; Origin:  Probably from  Old French gloutir  ’to swallow’, from  Latin gluttire]//  to cause something to have too much of something//  --the glutted property market //


Words: gluten
Meaning:
n [U]   [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: ’glue’]//  a sticky protein substance that is found in wheat flour//


Words: glutton
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: gloton, from  Latin glutto, from  gluttire  ’to swallow’]//\n  1 someone who eats too much:\n  2  a glutton for punishment:  someone who seems to enjoy working hard or doing something unpleasant//  -- gluttonous adj //


Words: glycerine
Meaning:
glycerin/gl[hA366]s[hA353]r[hA366]n/ n [U]   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: glycerine, from  Greek glykeros  ’sweet’]//  a thick sweet transparent liquid made from fats and used in medicines, explosives, and foods//


Words: Glyndebourne
Meaning:
a 16th-century  country house in East Sussex in the south of England, famous for the Glyndebourne Festival that takes place there every year, when  operas are performed//


Words: GM
Meaning:
1 the abbreviation of General Motors:\n  2 George Medal the second highest bravery award for civilians in the UK.:


Words: GMAT
Meaning:
Graduate Management Admissions Test a test that you take when you apply to study at a business school after you have finished your first degree//


Words: GMC
Meaning:
the   the General Medical Council the professional organization that all British doctors must be members of//


Words: GMO
Meaning:
n [C]   genetically modified organism a plant or other living thing whose genes have been changed by scientists, especially in order to make it less likely to get diseases or be harmed by insects etc//  -- GMO adj  [only before noun] //  --GMO crops//


Words: GMT
Meaning:
n [U]  BrE   the abbreviation of  Greenwich Mean Time , the time as measured at Greenwich in London, that is used as an international standard for measuring time//


Words: gnarled
Meaning:
adj   [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: knurled  ’having raised lines on the surface’ (17-21 centuries), from  knurl  ’small part sticking out’ (17-21 centuries)]//\n  1 a gnarled tree or branch is rough and twisted with hard lumps:\n  2 gnarled hands or fingers are twisted, rough, and difficult to move, usually because they are old:


Words: gnarly
Meaning:
adj \n  1 a gnarly tree or branch is rough and twisted with hard lumps:   gnarled//\n  2 gnarly hands or fingers are twisted, rough, and difficult to move, usually because they are old:   gnarled//\n  3  AmE  spoken a word meaning very good or excellent, used by young people:  --’Look at the size of that wave.’ ’Gnarly!’//\n  4  AmE  spoken a word meaning very bad, used by young people:  --a gnarly car wreck//


Words: gnash
Meaning:
v   [Date: 1400-1500; Origin:  Probably from the sound]//  gnash your teeth//  to be very angry or unhappy about something, or to move your teeth against each other so that they make a noise, especially because you are unhappy or angry//


Words: gnaw
Meaning:
preposition]   [Language: Old English; Origin: gnagan]//  to keep biting something hard//   chew//  --Dexter gnawed his pen thoughtfully.//  --A rat had gnawed a hole in the box.//  gnaw at/on//  --The puppy was gnawing on a bone.//  gnaw (away) at / [gnaw (away) at sb/sth] phr v//  to make someone feel worried or frightened, over a period of time//  --Something was gnawing at the back of his mind.//  --Doubt was gnawing away at her confidence.//


Words: gnome
Meaning:
n [C]   [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Modern Latin gnomus]//\n  1 a creature in children’s stories who looks like a little old man. Gnomes have pointed hats, live under the ground, and guard gold, jewels etc.:\n  2 a stone or plastic figure representing one of these creatures:  --a garden gnome //


Words: gnomic
Meaning:
adj  written   [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: gnomikos, from  gignoskein  ’to know’]//  gnomic remarks are short, clever, and difficult to understand//


Words: Gnostic Gospels
Meaning:
the   ancient writings which some people believe were once been part of the  bible, and were taken out by early priests who disagreed with their messages//


Words: GNP
Meaning:
n [singular]   gross national product the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country, usually in a single year//    GDP//


Words: gnu
Meaning:
n   plural  gnu  or  gnus  [C] //  [Date: 1700-1800; Language: Bushman; Origin: nqu]//  a large African animal with a tail and curved horns//   wildebeest//


Words: GNVQ
Meaning:
n [U and C]   General National Vocational Qualification a course of study and examination in practical subjects such as business, information technology, engineering etc, done by some students in schools in England and Wales, usually at the age of 16//    BTEC, A level, GCSE//


Words: go
Meaning:
v   past tense  went /went/past participle  gone /g[hA361]n $ g[hA361][hA359]n/third person singular  goes /g[hA353][hA35E]z $ go[hA35E]z///  ----------//\n   1 move/travel:\n   2 go flying/laughing/rushing etc:\n   3 attend:\n   4 leave:\n   5 do particular activity:\n   6 be going to do something:\n   7 reach:\n   8 change :\n   9 happen:\n  10 how are things going?/how’s it going?/how goes it?:\n  11 usual position:\n  12 fit:\n  13 be sent:\n  14 be in a particular state/condition:\n  15 go unanswered/unnoticed/unrewarded etc:\n  16 start:\n  17 work well:\n  18 make movement:\n  19 say:\n  20 make a sound:\n  21 don’t go doing something:\n  22 have gone and done something:\n  23 to go:\n  24 don’t go there:\n  25 story/discussion/song etc:\n  26 whistle/bell etc:\n  27 here/there somebody goes again:\n  28 disappear:\n  29 get into worse condition:\n  30 to be obeyed:\n  31 be damaged:\n  32 die:\n  33 be spent:\n  34 be sold:\n  35 pay money:\n  36 going, going, gone!:\n  37 time:\n  38 there/bang goes something:\n  39 go to show/prove/indicate etc something:\n  40 be going:\n  41 colours/styles/tastes:\n  42 as somebody/something goes:\n  43 go all out:\n  44 have nothing/not much/a lot etc going for somebody/something:\n  45 where does somebody/something go from here?:\n  46 leave a job:\n  47 get rid of something:\n  48 toilet:  Phrasal verbs//   go about//   go after something/somebody//   go against somebody/something//   go ahead//   go along//   go along with somebody/something//   go around//   go at something/somebody//   go away//   go back//   go back on something//   go back to something//   go before//   go beyond something//   go by//   go down//   go down on somebody//   go down with something//   go for somebody/something//   go in//   go in for something//   go in with somebody//   go into something//   go off//   go off on somebody//   go off with something/somebody//   go on//   go out//   go over//   go over to something//   go round//   go through//   go through with something//   go to somebody/something//   go together//   go towards something//   go under//   go up//   go with somebody/something//   go without//  ----------//  [Language: Old English; Origin: gan]//\n  1 MOVE/TRAVEL:  a)  [I always + adverb/preposition] //   also past participle  been to travel or move to a place that is away from where you are or where you live//    come//  --There’s nothing more we can do here. Let’s go home .//  -- Have you ever been to  (=have you ever travelled to) Japan?//  --I have been to  (=have travelled to) Germany several times.//  --Where are you going?//  --We’re going to Canada in the summer.//  --Dinah went into the kitchen.//  --She went over and put her arm around him.//  --I’m going round to her house to find out what’s wrong.//  --I’ll just go up (=go upstairs) and ask him what he wants.//  b)  [I and T] to move or travel in a particular way or for a particular distance//  --It took us over an hour to go ten miles.//  --The car was going much too fast.//  --We went a different way from usual that day.//  go by bus/train/car etc //  --It’ll be quicker to go by train.//  c)  go and do sth//   also go do sth  AmE //   [not in past tenses] to move to a particular place in order to do something//  --Go wash your hands before lunch.//  --I went and spoke to the manager. see usage note  been see usage note  come1 //\n  2  go flying/laughing/rushing etc:  to move in a particular way, or to do something as you are moving//  --The plate went crashing to the floor.//  --The bullet went flying over my head.//  --John went rushing off down the corridor.//\n  3 ATTEND:  a)  [I] to be at a concert, party, meeting etc//  go to//  --Are you going to Manuela’s party?//  --I first went to a rock concert when I was 15.//  b)  go to school/church/work etc//  to regularly attend school, a church etc//  --He doesn’t go to the synagogue these days.//\n  4 LEAVE:   [I] to leave a place//  --What time does the last train go?//  --Right, let’s go!//  --She turned to go.//  be/get going //  --It’s late! I must get going.//\n  5 DO PARTICULAR ACTIVITY:   [I and T] to leave the place where you are, in order to do something//  go for a walk/swim etc //  --Let’s go for a walk.//  go shopping/swimming/skiing etc //  --I need to go shopping this afternoon.//  go on a trip/tour/cruise etc //  --My parents are going on a cruise.//\n  6  be going to do sth:  a) to intend to do something//  --I’m going to tell Dad what you said.//  b) used to talk about what will happen in the future//  --He looked as if he was going to cry.//  --It’s going to rain later.//    gonna//\n  7 REACH:   [I always + adverb/preposition, not in progressive] to reach as far as a particular place or to lead to a particular place//  --The road goes through the middle of the forest.//  --The belt won’t go around my waist.//\n  8 CHANGE :   [linking verb] to change in some way, especially by becoming worse than before//  --The company went bankrupt last year.//  go bad/sour etc //  --The bread’s gone mouldy.//  go grey/white etc //  --Her hair is starting to go grey.//  go mad/deaf/bald etc //  --He went crazy and tried to kill her.//  go wild/mad/white etc with sth //  --The crowd was going wild with excitement. see usage note  become//\n  9 HAPPEN:   [I always + adverb/preposition] to happen or develop in a particular way//  --How did your French test go?//  go well/smoothly/fine etc //  --The party went well.//  --Everything’s going fine at the moment.//  --I feel very encouraged by the way things are going .//  --Many industries have been forced to cut jobs and it looks like the electronics industry is going the same way .//\n  10  how are things going?/how’s it going?/how goes it?:   spoken used to ask someone what is happening in their life, especially used as a greeting//  --’Hi Jane. How’s it going?’ ’Fine, thanks.’//\n  11 USUAL POSITION:   [I always + adverb/preposition, not in progressive] if something goes somewhere, that is its usual position//  --Where do the plates go?//  --The book goes on the top shelf.//\n  12 FIT:   [I not in progressive] to be the right size, shape, or amount for a particular space//  go in/under/inside etc//  --I don’t think all that will go in the suitcase.//\n  13 BE SENT:   [I] to be sent or passed on//  go by/through/to etc//  --The email went to everyone in the company.//  --That letter should go by special delivery.//  --Complaints must go through the proper channels.//\n  14 BE IN A PARTICULAR STATE/CONDITION:   [linking verb] to be in a particular state or condition, especially a bad one//  --Many families are forced to go hungry .//\n  15  go unanswered/unnoticed/unrewarded etc:  to not be answered, noticed etc//  --All my letters went unanswered.//  --He hoped that his nervousness would go unnoticed.//\n  16 START:   [I] to start doing something//  --The preparations have been completed and we’re ready to go.//  --Generally the action doesn’t get going  (=start) until after midnight.//  --I’m going to get going on  (=start doing) the decorating next week.//\n  17 WORK WELL:   [I] if a clock, watch, or machine goes, it moves and works as it should do//  --My watch isn’t going.//  --I couldn’t get the pump going  (=make it work) .//\n  18 MAKE MOVEMENT:   [I always + adverb/preposition] used when you are telling someone about what movement someone or something made//  --She went like this with her hand.//\n  19 SAY:   [T]  spoken  informal to say something//  --I asked her what she meant and she just went, ’Don’t ask!’//\n  20 MAKE A SOUND:   [T] to make a particular sound//  --The balloon suddenly went bang.//\n  21  don’t go doing sth:   spoken used to tell someone not to do something, especially something that is wrong or bad//  --It’s a secret, so don’t go telling everyone.//\n  22  have gone and done sth:   spoken used when you are surprised or annoyed by what someone has done//  --Kay’s gone and lost the car keys!//\n  23  to go:  a) still remaining before something happens//  --Only ten days to go to Christmas!//  b) still having to be done or dealt with before you have finished//  --Laura’s sat six exams and has two more to go.//  c) still to travel before you reach the place you are going to//  --only another five miles left to go//  d) used for saying that you want to take food away from a restaurant and eat it somewhere else//  --Two chicken dinners with corn to go.//\n  24  don’t go there:   spoken  informal used to say that you do not want to think or talk about something//  --’John and Clare having children?’ ’ Don’t go there!’//  --’What if the two of them...’ Don’t even go there !//\n  25 STORY/DISCUSSION/SONG ETC:   [I always + adverb/preposition, T not in progressive] used to talk about what something such as a story or song consists of//  --The argument goes like this.//  --We need to ’spread a little happiness’, as the song goes.//  -- The story goes that my grandfather saved his captain’s life in battle.//\n  26 WHISTLE/BELL ETC:   [I] to make a noise as a warning or signal//  --A bell goes to mark the end of each class.//\n  27  here/there sb goes again:   spoken used when someone has annoyed you by doing something they know you do not like//  --There you go again, jumping to conclusions.//\n  28 DISAPPEAR:   [I] to no longer exist or no longer be in the same place//   disappear//  --Has your headache gone yet?//  --The door was open and all his things had gone.//\n  29 GET INTO WORSE CONDITION:   [I] if one of your senses such as sight, hearing etc is going, it is getting worse//  --Dad’s eyesight is starting to go.//  --I’d forgotten that. My mind must be going.//\n  30 TO BE OBEYED:   [I] if what someone says goes, that person is in authority and what they say should be obeyed//  --Phil’s in charge around here, and what he says goes.//\n  31 BE DAMAGED:   [I] to become weak, damaged etc, or stop working properly//  --The bulb’s gone in the bathroom.//  --My jeans are starting to go at the knee.//\n  32 DIE:   [I] to die - use this when you want to avoid saying the word ’die’//  --Now that his wife’s gone, he’s all on his own.//  --When I go, I’d like to have my ashes scattered at sea.//    dead and gone at dead1 (1)//\n  33 BE SPENT:   [I] to be spent//  --I don’t know where all my money goes!//  go on//  --Half her salary goes on the rent.//\n  34 BE SOLD:   [I] to be sold//  go for/at//  --A house like this would go for [hA124]250,000.//  go to//  --The jewels will go to the highest bidder.//  --He bought me some CDs which were going cheap  (=were being sold at a low price) .//\n  35 PAY MONEY:   [I] to offer a particular amount of money for something//  --I’ll give you $500 for it but I can’t go any higher than that.//  go to//  --I think we could probably go to [hA124]15,000.//\n  36  going, going, gone!:   spoken used to say that something has been sold at an auction//\n  37 TIME:   [I always + adverb/preposition] used to say how quickly or slowly time passes//  --The day seemed to go so slowly.//\n  38  there/bang goes sth:   spoken used to say that you are disappointed because something has stopped you doing or getting what you wanted//  --Well, there goes my chance of fame!//\n  39  go to show/prove/indicate etc sth:  to help to prove something//  -- It just goes to show how much people judge each other by appearances.//\n  40  be going:   informal to be available//  --Are there any jobs going at the cafe?//  --I’ll take that if it’s going spare .//\n  41 COLOURS/STYLES/TASTES:   [I] if colours, tastes, styles etc go, they look, taste etc good together//  --I don’t think pink and yellow really go.//  go with//  --Do you think this shirt will go with the skirt I bought?//  go together//  --Pork and apple go especially well together.//\n  42  as sb/sth goes:  used for comparing someone or something with the average person or thing of that type//  --As marriages go, it certainly wasn’t dull.//\n  43  go all out:  to try very hard to do or get something//  go all out for//  --We’re going all out for victory in this afternoon’s game.//  go all out to do sth//  --The company will be going all out to improve on last year’s sales.//\n  44  have nothing/not much/a lot etc going for sb/sth:  used to talk about how many advantages and good qualities someone or something has//  --It’s a town that’s got a lot going for it.//\n  45  where does sb/sth go from here?:   spoken used to ask what should be done next, especially when there is a problem//  --So where do you think we should go from here?//\n  46 LEAVE A JOB:   [I] to leave your job, especially because you are forced to//  --He was becoming an embarrassment to the government and had to go.//  --If Jill goes, who will take her place?//\n  47 GET RID OF SOMETHING:   [I] if something goes, someone gets rid of it//  --The policies will have to go if the party is to win the next election.//  --A hundred jobs are expected to go following the merger.//\n  48 TOILET:   [I]  informal to make waste come out of your body//  go about phr v//\n  1  go about sth:  to start to do something//  --I want to learn German but I don’t know the best way to go about it.//  go about doing sth//  --The leaflet tells you how to go about making a will.//\n  2  go about sth:  to do something in the way that you usually do//  --The villagers were going about their business as usual.//  --She went about her preparations in a quiet businesslike way.//\n  3  BrE if a ship goes about, it turns to go in the opposite direction:  go after / [go after sth/sb] phr v//\n  1 to follow or chase someone or something because you want to catch them:  --Joe went after her to make sure she was unhurt.//\n  2 to try to get something:  --I can’t decide whether to go after the job or not.//  go against / [go against sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 if something goes against your beliefs, principles etc, it is opposite to them:  --This goes against everything I’ve been brought up to believe in.//  --I often have to make decisions that go against the grain  (=are not what I would normally choose to do) .//\n  2 to do the opposite of what someone wants or advises you to do:  --She was scared to go against her father’s wishes.//\n  3 if a decision, judgment etc goes against you, you do not get the result you want:  --His lawyer hinted that the case might go against him.//  --The vote went against the government.//  go ahead phr v//\n  1 to start to do something, especially after planning it or asking permission to do it:  go ahead with//  --They’ve decided to go ahead with plans to build 50 new houses on the site.//  go ahead and do sth//  --I went ahead and arranged the trip anyway.//\n  2 if an event or process goes ahead, it happens:  --A judge has ruled that the music festival can go ahead.//\n  3  spoken used to give someone permission to do something, or let them speak before you:  --’Do you mind if I open the window?’ ’No, go ahead.’//  --If you want to leave, go right ahead .//\n  4  also go on ahead :  to go somewhere before the other people in your group//  --You go ahead and we’ll catch you up later.//  go ahead of//  --He stood back to let Sue go ahead of him.//\n  5 to start to be winning a game or competition:  --Dulwich went ahead after 22 minutes.//    go-ahead1 //  go along phr v//\n  1 if you do something as you go along, you do it without planning or preparing it:  --He was making the story up as he went along. //  --I never had formal training, I just learned the job as I went along.//\n  2 to go to an event or a place where something is happening:  go along to//  --I might go along to the meeting tonight.//\n  3 to happen or develop in a particular way:  --Things seem to be going along nicely.//  go along with / [go along with sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to agree with or support someone or something:  --I would be happy to go along with the idea.//  --Often it was easier to go along with her rather than risk an argument.//\n  2  go along with you!:   BrE  spoken  old-fashioned used to tell someone that you do not believe what they are saying//  go around phr v//\n  1 DRESS/BEHAVE:   also go about  BrE //  to behave or dress in a particular way//  go around doing sth//  --You can’t go around accusing people like that.//  --He goes around in a T-shirt even in winter.//\n  2 ILLNESS:   go around (sth)//   also go about (sth)  BrE //  if an illness is going around, a lot of people get it//  --He had a bad dose of the flu virus that was going around.//  --There are a lot of nasty bugs going around the school.//\n  3 NEWS/STORY:   go around (sth)//   also go about (sth)  BrE //  if news, a story, a joke etc is going around, a lot of people hear it and are talking about it//  --A rumour was going around that I was having an affair with my boss.//  --There was a lot of gossip going around the village.//\n  4  go around with sb/go around together:   also go about with sb  BrE //  to meet someone often and spend a lot of time with them//  --I used to go around with a bad crowd.//\n  5  enough/plenty to go around:  enough for each person//  --Is there enough ice-cream to go around?//  --There were never enough textbooks to go around.//\n  6  what goes around comes around:  used to say that if someone does bad things now, bad things will happen to them in the future//\n  7  go around in your head:  if words, sounds etc go around in your head, you keep remembering them for a long time//  --That stupid song kept going around in my head.//    go around/round in circles at circle1 (5)//  go at / [go at sth/sb] phr v//\n  1 to attack someone or argue with someone in a noisy way:  --The two dogs went at each other as soon as I opened the gate.//\n  2 to do something, or start to do something, with a lot of energy:  --Mary went at the task with great enthusiasm.//  go away phr v//\n  1 to leave a place or person:  --Go away and leave me alone!//  --I went away wondering if I’d said the wrong thing.//\n  2 to travel to a place and spend some time there, for example for a holiday:  --Are you going away this year?//  go away for//  --We’re going away for the weekend.//  go away to//  --He’s going away to college next year.//  go away on//  --I’m going away on a business trip next week.//\n  3 if a problem, unpleasant feeling etc goes away, it disappears:  --Ignoring the crime problem won’t make it go away.//  go back phr v//\n  1 to return to a place that you have just come from:  --I think we ought to go back now.//  go back to/into/inside etc//  --I felt so sick I just wanted to go back to bed.//  go back for//  --I had to go back for my passport (=to get my passport) .//\n  2  there’s no going back:   spoken used to say that you cannot make a situation the same as it was before//  --I realized that once the baby was born there would be no going back.//\n  3 [ always + adverb/preposition] to have been made, built, or started at some time in the past:  --It’s a tradition that goes back at least 100 years.//  go back to//  --The building goes back to Roman times.//\n  4 if people go back a particular length of time, they have known each other for that length of time:  --Peter and I go back 25 years.//  --We go back a long way  (=we have been friends for a long time) .//\n  5 to think about a particular time in the past or something that someone said before:  --If you go back 20 years, most people didn’t own a computer.//  go back to//  --I’d like to go back to the point that was made earlier.//  go back on [go back on sth] phr v//  to not do something that you promised or agreed to do//  go back on your word/promise/decision //  --Delors claimed that the President had gone back on his word.//  go back to [go back to sth] phr v//  to start doing something again after you have stopped for a period of time//  --He went back to sleep.//  go back to doing sth//  --She went back to watching TV.//  go before phr v//\n  1 to happen or exist before something else:  --In some ways this program improves on what has gone before.//\n  2  go before sb/sth:  if something goes before a judge, group of people in authority etc, they consider it before making a decision//  --The case will go before the court.//  --The proposal is likely to go before the committee.//  go beyond [go beyond sth] phr v//  to be much better, worse, more serious etc than something else//  --Their relationship had gone beyond friendship.//  --This goes beyond all limits of acceptable behaviour.//  go by phr v//\n  1 if time goes by, it passes:  --Things will get easier as time goes by .//  as the days/weeks/years go by //  --As the weeks went by, I became more and more worried.//  hardly a day/week/month etc goes by //  --Hardly a week goes by without some food scare being reported in the media.//  in days/times/years etc gone by (=in the past) //  --These herbs would have been grown for medicinal purposes in days gone by.//\n  2  go by sth:  to form an opinion about someone or something from the information or experience that you have//  --You can’t always go by appearances.//  -- If his past plays are anything to go by , this should be a play worth watching.//\n  3  go by sth:  to do things according to a set of rules or laws//  --Only a fool goes by the rules all the time.//  --There was no doubt that the referee had gone by the book  (=had obeyed all the rules) .//    go by the board at board1 (8),  go by the name of sth at name1 (1)//  go down phr v//\n  1 GET LOWER:  to become lower in level, amount etc//  --His income went down last year.//  --Computers have gone down in price.//  go down by 10%/250/$900 etc //  --Spending has gone down by 2%.//\n  2 STANDARD:  if something goes down, its quality or standard gets worse//  --This neighbourhood has really gone down in the last few years.//\n  3  go down well/badly/a treat etc:  a) to get a particular reaction from someone//  --His suggestion did not go down very well.//  --The movie went down very well in America.//  --The speech went down a treat with members (=members liked it very much) .//  --The idea went down like a lead balloon  (=was not popular or successful) .//  b) if food or drink goes down well, you enjoy it//  --I’m not that hungry so a salad would go down nicely.//\n  4 GO FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER:  to go from one place to another, especially to a place that is further south//  go down to//  --We’re going down to Bournemouth for the weekend.//  --He’s gone down to the store to get some milk.//\n  5  go down the shops/club/park etc:   BrE  spoken  informal to go to the shops, a club etc//  --Does anyone want to go down the pub tonight?//\n  6 SHIP:  if a ship goes down, it sinks//  --Ten men died when the ship went down.//\n  7 PLANE:  if a plane goes down, it suddenly falls to the ground//  --An emergency call was received shortly before the plane went down.//\n  8 BECOME LESS SWOLLEN:  to become less swollen//  --The swelling will go down if you rest your foot.//\n  9 LOSE AIR:  if something that is filled with air goes down, air comes out and it becomes smaller and softer//  --Your tyre’s gone down.//\n  10 BE REMEMBERED:   [always + adverb/preposition] to be recorded or remembered in a particular way//  go down as//  --The talks went down as a landmark in the peace process.//  --The carnival will go down in history  (=be remembered for many years) as one of the best ever.//\n  11 COMPETITION/SPORT:  a) to lose a game, competition, or election//  --The Hawkers went down 5-9.//  go down by//  --The government went down by 71 votes.//  go down to//  --Liverpool went down to Juventus.//  b) to move down to a lower position in an official list of teams or players//  go down to//  --United went down to the second division.//\n  12 COMPUTER:  if a computer goes down, it stops working for a short time//  --If one of the file servers goes down, you lose the whole network.//\n  13 LIGHTS:  if lights go down, they become less bright//  --The lights went down and the curtain rose on an empty stage.//\n  14 SUN:  when the sun goes down, it appears to move down until you cannot see it any more//\n  15 WIND:  if the wind goes down, it becomes less strong//  --The wind had gone down but the night had turned chilly.//\n  16 PRISON:   informal to be sent to prison//  --He went down for five years.//\n  17 HAPPEN:   spoken  informal to happen//  --the type of guy who knows what’s going down//  --What’s going down?//\n  18 LEAVE UNIVERSITY :   BrE  formal  old-fashioned to leave Oxford or Cambridge University at the end of a period of study//  go down on [go down on sb] phr v//  to touch someone’s sexual organs with the lips and tongue in order to give them sexual pleasure//  go down with [go down with sth] phr v//  to become ill, especially with an infectious disease//  --Half the team had gone down with flu.//  go for / [go for sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 ATTACK:   BrE to attack or criticize someone//  --The dog suddenly went for me.//\n  2 TRY TO GET SOMETHING:  to try to get or win something//  --Jackson is going for his second gold medal here.//  go for it  spoken  (=used to encourage someone to try to achieve something) //  --If you really want the job, go for it!//    go for broke at broke2 (3)//\n  3 CHOOSE:   BrE to choose something//  --I think I’ll go for the chocolate cake.//\n  4  I could/would go for sth:   spoken used to say that you would like to do or have something//  --A full meal for less than five bucks! I could go for that!//\n  5 LIKE:   informal to like a particular type of person or thing//  --Annie tends to go for older men.//\n  6  the same goes for sb/sth:   also that goes for sb/sth too //   spoken used to say that a statement you have just made is true about someone or something else too//  --Close all doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.//  go in phr v//  when the sun or the moon goes in, cloud moves in front of it so that it cannot be seen//  go in for [go in for sth] phr v//\n  1 to do an examination or take part in a competition:  --I go in for all the competitions.//\n  2 to do or use something often because you enjoy it or like it:  --I never really went in for sports.//\n  3 to choose something as your job:  --I suppose I could go in for advertising.//  go in with [go in with sb] phr v//  to join with someone else to start a business or organization//  --Ellie’s going in with a friend who’s just started a cafe.//  go into [go into sth] phr v//\n  1 JOB:   [not in passive] to start to do a particular type of job//  --I always wanted to go into nursing.//  --She’s thinking of going into business  (=starting a business) .//\n  2 TIME/MONEY/EFFORT:   [not in passive] to be spent or used to get, make, or do something//  --Years of research have gone into this book.//  go into doing sth//  --A great deal of time and effort has gone into ensuring that the event runs smoothly.//\n  3 EXPLAIN:  to explain, describe, or examine something in detail//  --I don’t want to go into the matter now.//  --I don’t want to go into details now.//\n  4 COMPUTER:   [not in passive] to open a particular computer program, window, or file//  --Go into your D drive.//\n  5 BE IN A PARTICULAR STATE:   [not in passive] to start to be in a particular state or condition//  --She went into labour at midnight and the baby was born at 8 am.//  --The company went into liquidation.//\n  6 HIT:   [not in passive] if a vehicle goes into a tree, wall, or another vehicle, it hits it//  --His car went into a lamppost in the high street.//\n  7 DIVIDE:   [not in passive] if a number goes into another number, the second number can be divided by the first//  --12 goes into 60 five times.//\n  8 BEGIN TO MOVE IN PARTICULAR WAY:   [not in passive] if a vehicle goes into a particular movement, it starts to do it//  --The plane had gone into a steep descent.//  go off phr v//\n  1 LEAVE:  to leave a place, especially in order to do something//  --He went off in search of something to eat.//  --John decided to go off on his own.//  go off to//  --He went off to work as usual.//  go off to do sth//  --Geoff went off to play golf.//\n  2 EXPLODE:  to explode or fire//  --The bomb went off at 6.30 this morning.//  --Fireworks were going off all over the city.//  --The gun went off and the bullet went flying over his head.//\n  3 MAKE A NOISE:  if an alarm goes off, it makes a noise to warn you about something//  --The thieves ran away when the alarm went off.//  --I’ve set the alarm clock to go off at 7 am.//\n  4 STOP LIKING:   go off sb/sth//   BrE  informal to stop liking something or someone//  --Many women go off coffee during pregnancy.//  go off doing sth//  --I’ve gone off cooking lately.//\n  5 STOP WORKING:  if a machine or piece of equipment goes off, it stops working//  --The central heating goes off at 9 o’clock.//  --Suddenly, all the lights went off.//\n  6  go off well/badly etc:  to happen in a particular way//  --The party went off very well.//\n  7 HAPPEN:   BrE  spoken  informal to happen//   go on//  --There was a blazing row going off next door.//\n  8 DECAY:   BrE if food goes off, it becomes too bad to eat//  --The milk’s gone off.//\n  9 SLEEP:  to go to sleep//  --I’d just gone off to sleep when the phone rang.//\n  10 GET WORSE:   BrE  informal to get worse//  --He’s a singer whose talent has gone off in recent years.//  go off on [go off on sb] phr v//  to criticize or speak to someone in a very angry way//  go off with / [go off with sth/sb] phr v//\n  1 to leave your usual sexual partner in order to have a relationship with someone else:  --She’s gone off with her husband’s best friend.//\n  2 to take something away from a place without having permission:  --Who’s gone off with my pen?//  go on phr v//\n  1 CONTINUE:  a) to continue doing something or being in a situation//  go on doing sth//  --He went on working until he was 91.//  go on with//  --One of the actors was unwell and couldn’t go on with the performance.//  --I can’t go on like this for much longer.//  b) to continue without stopping//  --The noise goes on 24 hours a day.//  --The screaming went on and on  (=continued for a long time) .//    ongoing//\n  2 HAPPEN:  to happen//  --I don’t know what’s going on.//  --What were the children doing while all this was going on?//  --Like all good resorts, there is plenty going on.//    goings-on//\n  3 DO SOMETHING NEXT:  to do something after you have finished doing something else//  go on to do sth//  --She went on to become a successful surgeon.//  go on to//  --Go on to the next question when you’ve finished.//\n  4 CONTINUE TALKING:  to continue talking, especially after stopping or changing to a different subject//  --Go on, I’m listening.//  --’But,’ he went on, ’we have to deal with the problems we’re facing.’//  go on with//  --After a short pause Maria went on with her story.//\n  5  go on:   spoken //  a) used to encourage someone to do something//  --Go on, have another piece of cake.//  b) used when you are agreeing to do something or giving permission for something//  --’Are you sure you won’t have another drink?’ ’Oh, go on then.’//  --’Can I go outside, Dad?’ ’Yeah, go on then.’//  c)  also go on with you //   BrE  old-fashioned used to tell someone that you do not believe them//\n  6 USE AS PROOF:   go on sth//  to base an opinion or judgment on something//  --Police haven’t much to go on in their hunt for the killer.//\n  7 START TO WORK:  if a machine or piece of equipment goes on, it starts to work//  --The heat goes on automatically at 6 o’clock.//\n  8 TIME:  to pass//  --As time went on, I grew fond of him.//\n  9 BEHAVE:   BrE  informal the way someone goes on is the way they behave//  --The way she’s going on, she’ll have a nervous breakdown.//\n  10  be going on (for) 5 o’clock/60/25 etc:  to be nearly a particular time, age, number etc//  --Nancy must be going on for 60.//  --She’s one of those wise teenagers who’s 16 going on 70 (=she behaves as though she is older than she is) .//\n  11 GO IN FRONT:   also go on ahead //  to go somewhere before the other people you are with//  --Bill went on in the car and I followed on foot.//\n  12 TALK TOO MUCH:   informal to talk too much//  --I really like Clare but she does go on.//  go on about//  --I got tired of him going on about all his problems.//  --He just went on and on about his new girlfriend.//\n  13 CRITICIZE:   BrE  informal to continue to criticize someone or ask them to do something in a way that annoys them//  --The way she went on, you would have thought it was all my fault.//  go on at//  --Stop going on at me!//  go on at sb to do sth//  --My wife’s always going on at me to dress better.//  go on at sb about sth//  --He’s always going on at me about fixing the door.//\n  14 DEVELOP:   BrE  spoken  informal to develop or make progress//\n  15  to be going on with/to go on with:   BrE  informal if you have enough of something to be going on with, you have enough for now//  --Have you got enough money to be going on with?//  go out phr v//\n  1 LEAVE YOUR HOUSE:  to leave your house, especially in order to enjoy yourself//  --Are you going out tonight?//  go out for//  --We went out for a meal and then on to a movie.//  go out doing sth//  --Liam goes out drinking every Friday.//  go out to do sth//  --Can I go out to play now?//  go out and do sth//  --You should go out and get some fresh air.//\n  2 RELATIONSHIP:  to have a romantic relationship with someone//  --They’ve been going out for two years now.//  go out with//  --Tina used to go out with my brother.//  go out together//  --How long have you been going out together?//\n  3 FIRE/LIGHT:  to stop burning or shining//  --Suddenly the candle went out.//\n  4 TV/RADIO:   BrE to be broadcast on television or radio//  --The programme goes out live at 5 o’clock on Mondays.//\n  5 BE SENT:  to be sent//  --A copy of the instructions should go out with the equipment.//  --The magazine goes out to all members at the end of the month.//\n  6 GAME/SPORT:  to stop playing in a competition because you have lost a game//  --He went out in the first round.//\n  7 MOVE ABROAD:  to travel to another country in order to live and work there//  go out to//  --They are looking for nurses to go out to Saudi Arabia.//\n  8 NO LONGER FASHIONABLE:  to stop being fashionable or used//  --Hats like that went out years ago.//  --This kind of entertainment went out with the ark  (=is very old-fashioned) .//\n  9 SEA:  when the tide goes out, the sea moves away from the land//  → come in//\n  10 MAKE PUBLIC:  if news or a message goes out, it is officially announced to everyone//  --The appeal went out for food and medicines.//\n  11  your heart/thoughts go out to sb:  used to say that you feel sympathy for someone and are thinking about them//  --Our hearts go out to the victim’s family.//\n  12 TIME:   [always + adverb/preposition]  literary to end//  --March went out with high winds and rain.//  go over phr v//\n  1 THINK ABOUT:   go over sth//  to think very carefully about something//  --I had gone over and over what happened in my mind.//\n  2 EXAMINE:   go over sth//  to search or examine something very carefully//  --In the competition, the judge goes over each dog and assesses it.//\n  3 REPEAT:   go over sth//  to repeat something in order to explain it or make sure it is correct//  --Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.//\n  4 CLEAN:   go over sth//  to clean something//\n  5  go over well:   also go over big  AmE if something goes over well, people like it//  --That kind of salesman talk doesn’t go over very well with the scientists.//  go over to [go over to sth] phr v//\n  1 to change to a different place or person for the next part of a television or radio programme:  --We’re going over to the White House for an important announcement.//\n  2 to change to a different way of doing things:  --They went over to a computerized records system.//\n  3 to change to a different political party or religion:  --the Labour MP who went over to the Conservatives last year//  go round phr v//    go around//  go through phr v//\n  1 DIFFICULT/UNPLEASANT SITUATION:   go through sth//  to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc//  --When you’re going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.//  --He’s going through a divorce at the moment.//  --It is devastating for a parent to watch a child go through misery.//\n  2 PROCESS:   go through sth//  to experience a particular process//  --Candidates must go through a process of selection.//  --Caterpillars go through several stages of growth.//\n  3 USE:   go through sth//  to use up money or a supply of something//  --We went through five pints of milk last week.//\n  4 LAW:   go through (sth)//  if a law goes through, or goes through Parliament, it is officially accepted//\n  5 DEAL/AGREEMENT:  if a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and agreed//  --He accepted the offer and the deal went through.//  --The sale of the land went through.//\n  6 PRACTISE:   go through sth//  to practise something, for example a performance//  --Let’s go through the whole thing again, from the beginning.//\n  7 SEARCH:   go through sth//  to search something in order to find something in particular//  --Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys.//  --Customs officers went through all my bags.//\n  8 READ/DISCUSS:   go through sth//  to read or discuss something in order to make sure it is correct//  --We’ll go through the details later on.//  --Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings?//  go through with [go through with sth] phr v//  to do something you had promised or planned to do, even though it causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it//  --He bravely went through with the wedding ceremony even though he was in a lot of pain.//  --I had no choice but to go through with it.//  go to / [go to sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 to begin to experience or do something, or begin to be in a particular state:  --I lay down and went to sleep.//  --Britain and Germany went to war in 1939.//\n  2 to be given to someone or something:  --All the money raised will go to local charities.//  --The house will go to his daughter when he dies.//  go together phr v//\n  1 [not in progressive] if two things go together, they exist together or are connected in some way:  --Alcohol abuse and eating disorders often go together.//\n  2  old-fashioned if two people are going together, they are having a romantic relationship:  go towards [go towards sth] phr v//  if money goes towards something, it is used to pay part of the cost of that thing//  --The money will go towards a new hospice.//  go towards doing sth//  --All money raised will go towards renovating the building.//  go under phr v//\n  1 if a business goes under, it has to stop operating because of financial problems:  --More than 7000 businesses have gone under in the last three months.//\n  2 to sink beneath the surface of water:  --The Titanic finally went under.//  --She went under, coughing and spluttering.//  go up phr v//\n  1 INCREASE:  to increase in price, amount, level etc//  --Train fares have gone up.//  --Blood-sugar levels go up as you digest food.//  go up by 10%/250/[hA124]900 etc //  --Unemployment in the country has gone up by a million.//  go up from sth to sth//  --Spending on research went up from $426 million to $461 million.//\n  2 BUILDING/SIGN:  if a building or sign goes up, it is built or fixed into place//  --It was a lovely place before all these new houses went up.//\n  3 EXPLODE/BURN:  to explode, or be destroyed in a fire//  --He had left the gas on and the whole kitchen went up.//  --The whole building went up in flames .//    go up in smoke at smoke1 (3)//\n  4 SHOUT:  if a shout or a cheer goes up, people start to shout or cheer//  go up from//  --A great cheer went up from the audience.//\n  5 TO ANOTHER PLACE:   BrE to go from one place to another, especially to a place that is further north, or to a town or city from a smaller place//  go up to//  --We’re going up to Scotland next weekend.//  --He went up to the farm to get some eggs.//\n  6 LIGHTS:  if lights go up, they become brighter//  --when the lights went up at the end of the performance//\n  7 UNIVERSITY:   BrE  formal  old-fashioned to begin studying at a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge University//  go with / [go with sb/sth] phr v//\n  1 BE PART OF:  to be included as part of something//  --The house goes with the job.//  --He had fame, money, and everything that goes with it.//  go with doing sth//  --Responsibility goes with becoming a father.//\n  2 EXIST TOGETHER:  to often exist with something else or be related to something else//  --Ill-health often goes with poverty.//\n  3 RELATIONSHIP:   old-fashioned to have a romantic relationship with someone//\n  4 HAVE SEX:   informal to have sex with someone//\n  5 AGREE:  to accept someone’s idea or plan//  --Let’s go with John’s original proposal.//  go without phr v//\n  1  go without (sth):  to not have something that you usually have//  --I like to give the children what they want even if I have to go without.//  --It is possible to go without food for a few days.//\n  2  it goes without saying (that):  used to say that something is so clearly true that it does not need to be said//  --The Internet, too, it goes without saying, is a good source of information.//  ----------//  HINT sense 1 //  Come or go? //  ----------//\ngo 2 S1 n   plural  goes //  ----------//\n   1 try:\n   2 your turn:\n   3 make a go of something:\n   4 [hA124]3/$50 etc a go:\n   5 on the go:\n   6 something is a go:\n   7 something is (a) no go:\n   8 it’s all go:\n   9 have a go:\n  10 energy:\n  11 all the go:  ----------//\n  1 TRY:   [C] an attempt to do something//  --’I can’t open this drawer.’ ’Here. let me have a go .’//  --On the tour, everyone can have a go at making a pot.//  --I’d thought about it for some time and decided to give it a go  (=try to do something) .//  --I had a good go  (=tried hard) at cleaning the silver.//  at/in one go //  --Ruby blew out all her candles at one go.//  --I’m not sure it will work but it’s worth a go .//\n  2 YOUR TURN:   [C] someone’s turn in a game or someone’s turn to use something//  --Whose go is it?//  --It’s your go.//  --Can I have a go on your guitar?//  --Don’t I get a go ?//\n  3  make a go of sth:   informal to make something succeed, especially a business or marriage//  --Nikki was determined to make a go of the business.//  --Many businesses are struggling hard to make a go of it .//\n  4  [hA124]3/$50 etc a go:   informal used for saying how much it costs to do something or buy something//  --At [hA124]3 a go, the cards are not cheap.//\n  5  on the go:   informal //  a) if you have something on the go, you have started it and are busy doing it//  --Even with three top films on the go, Michelle is reluctant to talk about herself.//  --He has at least two other projects on the go .//  b) very busy doing a lot of things//  --Children are always on the go.//\n  6  sth is a go:   AmE  spoken used to say that things are working correctly or that you have permission to do something//  --The trip to London is a go.//\n  7  sth is (a) no go:   spoken used to say that something is not allowed or will not happen//  --The hotel is no go for dogs.//    no-go area//\n  8  it’s all go:   BrE  spoken it is very busy//  --It’s all go around here.//  --It’s all go in the commercial property market.//\n  9  have a go:   spoken, especially  BrE //  a) to criticize someone//  --You’re always having a go.//  have a go at//  --Will you stop having a go at me!//  have a go at sb for/about sth//  --Mum had a go at me for not doing my homework.//  b) to attack someone//  --A whole gang of yobs were standing around, just waiting to have a go.//  c) to try to catch someone who you see doing something wrong, rather than waiting for the police//  --The public should not be encouraged to have a go.//\n  10 ENERGY:   [U]  BrE energy and a desire to do things//  --There’s plenty of go in him yet.//\n  11  all the go:   old-fashioned very fashionable//


